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This was a keynote talk given at the European Knowledge Acquisition Conference in Galway Ireland in Octover 2012. We explore the issues and challenges that arise when building real world enterprise ontologies for large organizations. We summarize our experiences giving practical tips and guidelines concerning the following questions and issues. • What is the purpose of the ontology? • Where do you start? • What do you include? • Where does the knowledge come from? • Do you use an upper ontology? Which one? • What languages and tools should you use? We look at how to represent concepts beyond the usual people, places, and time and explore how these things impact the business. These include: events and how to influence and regulate behavior; goals and intentions; skills and capabilities, registration and credentialing. Many examples will be from the Sentara Healthcare Enterprise Ontology (SHEO) a comprehensive ontology in the business of healthcare.
Citation preview
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Site
Systems
Skin
Structure
Stuff
Space
Site
Systems
Skin
Structure
Stuff
Space
Enterprise Ontology
Enterprise Arch
Formal Taxonomy
Capability
Navigation & Search
Aesthetics
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Interview
Author in OWL
Inferencing / Consistency
Run inference to
check consistency
View in ontology editor
Debug cycle
Interview / Model cycle
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Lively enjoyable sessions.
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A building?
A legal
organization?
What about
patients?
Physical bed
vs. a capacity
Hospital is licensed
for specific number
of registered beds
providing particular
kind of services.
More than one
hospital in a single
building
Single “hospital
services” unit that
services all the
hospitals in a
building
Kinds of
hospitals
Other care
facilities.
More general:
Care Facility
Hospital
Specific kinds
of hospital
Affiliation relationship
Emergency
department
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Pop Quiz
Can a hospital be
both an organization
and a building?
We just
saw these.
Plus plenty of
other notes.
Interview
Author OWL
Inferencing /
Consistency
Run inference to
check consistency
View in ontology editor
Debug cycle
Interview / Model cycle
An in-house tool
Operates
from fixed
location
Accredited
Technically
precise
definition
An event where
something is
recognized and
granted
Registered
beds Easy to
understand
definition The result of the
accreditation event
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Author OWL
26
Interview
Inferencing / Consistency
Run inference to
check consistency
View in ontology editor
Debug cycle
Interview / Model cycle
Run
inference
and debug
OOPS! The ontology is
inconsistent.
Get an explanation.
Choose a problem
class, get an
explanation.
Scan to find
obviously
wrong axioms.
What did I
just change?
Find group of axioms
related to theme; often a
single mistake has ripple
effects.
Draw a Venn
diagram.
Choose a class
with fewer axioms
in explanation.
Once the ontology is
consistent, check to see
if there are any wrong
subclass relationships.
If so, use the explanation
facility .
Interview
Author OWL
Inferencing / Consistency
Run inference tocheck consistency
View in Protege
Debug cycle
Interview / Model cycle
Cycle through more
interviews, modeling
and debugging.
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To name just a few!
Subclass of
gist:Goal
sheo:TargetedGoal A Goal targeted at one or more
agents. The goal that some
"targeted" agent or population
does, has, is, knows or believes
"something."
(N) sheo:_goalOf
min 1
sheo:TargetedGoal
sheo:IntendedGoal A TargetedGoal that is intended by e.g. an
agent, regulation or event. A
GoalOnAgent might be that JoeBlogs
buys something. It becomes an Intention
when some agent declares that as a goal.
Differs from gist:Intention which is more
generic and not tied to any agent.
--- AND ---
sheo:SelfTargetedGoal An Intention where the Agent intends a
goal on him/her/itself. Cannot be
expressed in OWL.
sheo:businessDefinition An end to which effort is directed.
(N) sheo:object
some sheo:ObjectOfIntention
gist:Goal A specific intentional endpoint usually to
do, have, be, know or believe something.
The something is the object of the
intention. Adds structure to original
version of gist:Goal
(NS) sheo:toBe
min 1
sheo:GoalToBe A goal to be something.
(NS) sheo:toKnow
min 1
sheo:GoalToKnow To know or know about something.
(NS) sheo:toDo
min 1
sheo:GoalToDo A Goal to do something.
(NS) sheo:toHave
min 1
sheo:GoalToHave A Goal to have something.
(NS) sheo:toBelieve
min 1
sheo:GoalToBelieve A Goal to believe something.
gist:Ownable
sheo:Information
sheo:_Ownable
Includes information.
--- OR ---
sheo:StateOrCondition Includes things like being happy. Broad
enough to include any state of affairs or set
of propositions.
(N) sheo:forAgent
min 1 sheo:AgentOrAgents
sheo:_Ownable
sheo:StateOrCondition
sheo:Proposition
gist:Behavior
sheo:businessDefinition The focus of the thing wanted in a goal.
sheo:ObjectOfIntention Something that helps to characterize the
nature of a goal. The thing to believe,
know, do, have or be. To have an
Ownable; To be or to be in a state or
condition (e.g. happy). To know or
believe a proposition or know about
information. To do a behavior.
sheo:ExecutableSpecification A specification that is sufficiently well specified that it
can be executed by an agent with no additional
information required.
sheo:businessDefinition A document or form used as a common
starting point for a new document or form.
sheo:_Template A structure that is used as the basis for
generating new individuals that have that
structure, e.g., a form. A filled-in form has the
structure of the form with data entered into some
or all of the fields.
sheo:Specification A body of information specifying what properties,
structure and/or results something should or must have
after it has been built, fulfilled or completed. The thing
may be physical (a building), organizational (a
management structure), computational (a program), job
or task related (e.g., a CEO, Chief Judge) or changing oil
in a car. It is more general than gist:Template because 1)
It is focused on what, not necessarily how; 2) it does not
require to be executed by a computer program, but by
any agent or set of agents.
Rules, Regulations, Procedures,
Agreements, Guidelines, Offers are all ways
to influence behavior in someway.
(N) sheo:hasScope
some skos:Concept
(N) gist:describedIn
some sheo:NormativeSpecificationDescription
(N) sheo:appliesTo
some sheo:SocialBeingOrBeings
Subclass of
sheo:_Template
gist:hasGoal
some sheo:TargetedGoal
sheo:templateFor
some sheo:_Obligation
sheo:BehaviorSpec Something that affects behavior. Intended to be a small
number of generic ways. Includes: Permission, Restriction,
Requirement and Suggestion. Are the nuts and bolts of
Regulations, Guidelines, Offers and Agreements. Note that
each BehaviorSpec may have its own goal in addition to
the goal of the NormativeSpecification that it is part of.
Also, the agent part of the intended GoalOnAgent should
probably be connected to what the BehaviorSpec
sheo:appliesTo
Subclass of
sheo:NormativeSpecification
(N) gist:categorizedBy
some sheo:Required
(N) gist:describedIn
some sheo:RegulationDescription
sheo:businessDefinition A rule or a law that must be followed.
sheo:Regulation A rule or law that must be obeyed, as opposed to
being optional.
gist:Content
(N) sheo:about
some sheo:NormativeSpecification
sheo:NormativeSpecificationDescription Definitive characterization of a behavior spec, includes
exactly what is permitted/required/suggested/disallowed
as well as possible consequences for disregarding/
disobeying.
--- AND ---
sheo:Statute A written law.
Subclass of
sheo:NormativeSpecification
(N) gist:categorizedBy
has sheo:Optional
(N) gist:describedIn
some sheo:GuidelineDescription
sheo:businessDefinition An optional but recommended policy or action.
sheo:Guideline A suggestion, recommendation, or policy that is
optional, not required.
Subclass of
sheo:NormativeSpecificationDescription
(N) sheo:about
some sheo:Guideline
sheo:GuidelineDescription
Text characterization of a Guideline.
--- AND ---
Subclass of
sheo:NormativeSpecificationDescription
(N) sheo:about
some sheo:Regulation
sheo:RegulationDescription
Text characterization of a Regulation
--- AND ---
(N) sheo:usesTemplate
some sheo:BehaviorSpec
(N) sheo:_getter
some gist:SocialBeing
(N) sheo:_giver
some gist:SocialBeing
(N) sheo:justifiedBy
some sheo:NormativeSpecification
(N) gist:categorizedBy
some gist:DegreeOfCommitment
sheo:businessDefinition Something a person is committed to doing.
sheo:_Obligation A future commitment from one social being to
another. Contracts are sets of oblgations to do or
forebear, or indemnify or warrant. An Obligation is a
direct consequence of a BehaviorSpec as it applies
to a particular SocialBeing, e.g., if boilerplate says
all Females are required to do X, then JaneDoe is
obligated to do X. Exactly analogous to
gist:Obligation, except it applies to Instructions,
Guidelines, Regulations and terms of Agreements in
general, not just Offers. Should be merged.
(NS) gist:prevent
some gist:Behavior
sheo:_Restriction DIffers from gist:Restriction by not being
a subclass of Intention.
(NS) gist:allow
some gist:Behavior
sheo:_Permission DIffers from gist:Permission by not being
a subclass of Intention.
(NS) sheo:require
some gist:Behavior
sheo:Requirement A generic description of things that must
be done.
(NS) sheo:suggest
some gist:Behavior
sheo:Suggestion A generic description of things that
should be done.
sheo:BehaviorSpec
--- OR ---
(N) sheo:_party
min 2 sheo:SocialBeingOrBeings
Subclass of
sheo:NormativeSpecification
(N) gist:categorizedBy
some sheo:Required
(N) gist:describedIn
some sheo:AgreementDescription
(N) sheo:justifies
min 1 sheo:_Obligation
(N) gist:producedBy
some sheo:EnteringAgreement
sheo:businessDefinition A mutual decision where two or more
parties commit to doing something.
sheo:_Agreement Normative specification where two or more parties
commit, each having one or more obligations.
Differences from gist:Agreement: a party can be a
Population; no evidence is necessary; link to
Obligations uses "justifies," not "directPart." NB:
should be min 2 Obligations. Inference will not work
due to property chain.
(N) sheo:appliesTo
some sheo:SocialBeingOrBeings
(N) gist:producedBy
some gist:SocialBeing
(N) sheo:hasBehaviorSpec
min 1
gist:describedIn
some gist:Content
(N) gist:hasGoal
some sheo:TargetedGoal
Subclass of
sheo:Specification
gist:hasDirectPart
min 0 sheo:NormativeSpecification
sheo:businessDefinition A specification of how something may, must,
should or should not be done.
sheo:NormativeSpecification A characterization of how something will, should
or must be done to achieve some outcome. It will
typically specify what one of the intended parties
should or should not do. The parties may be
motivated by the goal or to avoid consequences of
doing contrary behaviors. Includes Guidelines,
Regulations, Agreements and Offers. Name comes
from cyc.
Subclass of
sheo:NormativeSpecificationDescription
(N) sheo:about
some sheo:_Agreement
(N) gist:hasDirectPart
some gist:Term
sheo:AgreementDescription
Text characterization of an Agreement
--- AND ---
Subclass of
sheo:NormativeSpecification
(N) gist:categorizedBy
some sheo:Required
(N) gist:describedIn
some sheo:OfferDescription
(N) gist:giver
some gist:SocialBeing
(N) gist:hasDirectPart
some gist:Offering
sheo:businessDefinition The stated willingness to sell or give away
some product or service.
sheo:_Offer A product or service available to a potential
purchaser under certain stipulations. Also includes
guaranties, warranties, encumbrances, etc. More
general than gist:Offer.
Subclass of
sheo:NormativeSpecificationDescription
(N) sheo:about
some sheo:_Offer
(N) gist:hasDirectPart
some gist:Term
sheo:OfferDescription
Text characterization of an Offer
--- OR ---
(NS) sheo:instructToDo
some gist:Behavior
sheo:businessDefinition Specification of something that
must be done.
sheo:Instruction A generic description of things that
should or must be done. May become
obligations when tied to particular agents.
Subclass of
gist:DegreeOfCommitment
sheo:Required Indicates that the suggested behaviors are required.
Subclass of
gist:DegreeOfCommitment
sheo:Optional Indicates that the suggested behaviors are not required.
Specification
Controlling and Influencing Behavior
gist:Goal
What is supporting
the bedrock?
Subclass of
gist:Goal
sheo:TargetedGoal A Goal targeted at one or more
agents. The goal that some
"targeted" agent or population
does, has, is, knows or believes
"something."
(N) sheo:_goalOf
min 1
sheo:TargetedGoal
sheo:IntendedGoal A TargetedGoal that is intended by e.g. an
agent, regulation or event. A
GoalOnAgent might be that JoeBlogs
buys something. It becomes an Intention
when some agent declares that as a goal.
Differs from gist:Intention which is more
generic and not tied to any agent.
--- AND ---
sheo:SelfTargetedGoal An Intention where the Agent intends a
goal on him/her/itself. Cannot be
expressed in OWL.
sheo:businessDefinition An end to which effort is directed.
(N) sheo:object
some sheo:ObjectOfIntention
gist:Goal A specific intentional endpoint usually to
do, have, be, know or believe something.
The something is the object of the
intention. Adds structure to original
version of gist:Goal
(NS) sheo:toBe
min 1
sheo:GoalToBe A goal to be something.
(NS) sheo:toKnow
min 1
sheo:GoalToKnow To know or know about something.
(NS) sheo:toDo
min 1
sheo:GoalToDo A Goal to do something.
(NS) sheo:toHave
min 1
sheo:GoalToHave A Goal to have something.
(NS) sheo:toBelieve
min 1
sheo:GoalToBelieve A Goal to believe something.
gist:Ownable
sheo:Information
sheo:_Ownable
Includes information.
--- OR ---
sheo:StateOrCondition Includes things like being happy. Broad
enough to include any state of affairs or set
of propositions.
(N) sheo:forAgent
min 1 sheo:AgentOrAgents
sheo:_Ownable
sheo:StateOrCondition
sheo:Proposition
gist:Behavior
sheo:businessDefinition The focus of the thing wanted in a goal.
sheo:ObjectOfIntention Something that helps to characterize the
nature of a goal. The thing to believe,
know, do, have or be. To have an
Ownable; To be or to be in a state or
condition (e.g. happy). To know or
believe a proposition or know about
information. To do a behavior.
sheo:ExecutableSpecification A specification that is sufficiently well specified that it
can be executed by an agent with no additional
information required.
sheo:businessDefinition A document or form used as a common
starting point for a new document or form.
sheo:_Template A structure that is used as the basis for
generating new individuals that have that
structure, e.g., a form. A filled-in form has the
structure of the form with data entered into some
or all of the fields.
sheo:Specification A body of information specifying what properties,
structure and/or results something should or must have
after it has been built, fulfilled or completed. The thing
may be physical (a building), organizational (a
management structure), computational (a program), job
or task related (e.g., a CEO, Chief Judge) or changing oil
in a car. It is more general than gist:Template because 1)
It is focused on what, not necessarily how; 2) it does not
require to be executed by a computer program, but by
any agent or set of agents.
Rules, Regulations, Procedures,
Agreements, Guidelines, Offers are all ways
to influence behavior in someway.
(N) sheo:hasScope
some skos:Concept
(N) gist:describedIn
some sheo:NormativeSpecificationDescription
(N) sheo:appliesTo
some sheo:SocialBeingOrBeings
Subclass of
sheo:_Template
gist:hasGoal
some sheo:TargetedGoal
sheo:templateFor
some sheo:_Obligation
sheo:BehaviorSpec Something that affects behavior. Intended to be a small
number of generic ways. Includes: Permission, Restriction,
Requirement and Suggestion. Are the nuts and bolts of
Regulations, Guidelines, Offers and Agreements. Note that
each BehaviorSpec may have its own goal in addition to
the goal of the NormativeSpecification that it is part of.
Also, the agent part of the intended GoalOnAgent should
probably be connected to what the BehaviorSpec
sheo:appliesTo
Subclass of
sheo:NormativeSpecification
(N) gist:categorizedBy
some sheo:Required
(N) gist:describedIn
some sheo:RegulationDescription
sheo:businessDefinition A rule or a law that must be followed.
sheo:Regulation A rule or law that must be obeyed, as opposed to
being optional.
gist:Content
(N) sheo:about
some sheo:NormativeSpecification
sheo:NormativeSpecificationDescription Definitive characterization of a behavior spec, includes
exactly what is permitted/required/suggested/disallowed
as well as possible consequences for disregarding/
disobeying.
--- AND ---
sheo:Statute A written law.
Subclass of
sheo:NormativeSpecification
(N) gist:categorizedBy
has sheo:Optional
(N) gist:describedIn
some sheo:GuidelineDescription
sheo:businessDefinition An optional but recommended policy or action.
sheo:Guideline A suggestion, recommendation, or policy that is
optional, not required.
Subclass of
sheo:NormativeSpecificationDescription
(N) sheo:about
some sheo:Guideline
sheo:GuidelineDescription
Text characterization of a Guideline.
--- AND ---
Subclass of
sheo:NormativeSpecificationDescription
(N) sheo:about
some sheo:Regulation
sheo:RegulationDescription
Text characterization of a Regulation
--- AND ---
(N) sheo:usesTemplate
some sheo:BehaviorSpec
(N) sheo:_getter
some gist:SocialBeing
(N) sheo:_giver
some gist:SocialBeing
(N) sheo:justifiedBy
some sheo:NormativeSpecification
(N) gist:categorizedBy
some gist:DegreeOfCommitment
sheo:businessDefinition Something a person is committed to doing.
sheo:_Obligation A future commitment from one social being to
another. Contracts are sets of oblgations to do or
forebear, or indemnify or warrant. An Obligation is a
direct consequence of a BehaviorSpec as it applies
to a particular SocialBeing, e.g., if boilerplate says
all Females are required to do X, then JaneDoe is
obligated to do X. Exactly analogous to
gist:Obligation, except it applies to Instructions,
Guidelines, Regulations and terms of Agreements in
general, not just Offers. Should be merged.
(NS) gist:prevent
some gist:Behavior
sheo:_Restriction DIffers from gist:Restriction by not being
a subclass of Intention.
(NS) gist:allow
some gist:Behavior
sheo:_Permission DIffers from gist:Permission by not being
a subclass of Intention.
(NS) sheo:require
some gist:Behavior
sheo:Requirement A generic description of things that must
be done.
(NS) sheo:suggest
some gist:Behavior
sheo:Suggestion A generic description of things that
should be done.
sheo:BehaviorSpec
--- OR ---
(N) sheo:_party
min 2 sheo:SocialBeingOrBeings
Subclass of
sheo:NormativeSpecification
(N) gist:categorizedBy
some sheo:Required
(N) gist:describedIn
some sheo:AgreementDescription
(N) sheo:justifies
min 1 sheo:_Obligation
(N) gist:producedBy
some sheo:EnteringAgreement
sheo:businessDefinition A mutual decision where two or more
parties commit to doing something.
sheo:_Agreement Normative specification where two or more parties
commit, each having one or more obligations.
Differences from gist:Agreement: a party can be a
Population; no evidence is necessary; link to
Obligations uses "justifies," not "directPart." NB:
should be min 2 Obligations. Inference will not work
due to property chain.
(N) sheo:appliesTo
some sheo:SocialBeingOrBeings
(N) gist:producedBy
some gist:SocialBeing
(N) sheo:hasBehaviorSpec
min 1
gist:describedIn
some gist:Content
(N) gist:hasGoal
some sheo:TargetedGoal
Subclass of
sheo:Specification
gist:hasDirectPart
min 0 sheo:NormativeSpecification
sheo:businessDefinition A specification of how something may, must,
should or should not be done.
sheo:NormativeSpecification A characterization of how something will, should
or must be done to achieve some outcome. It will
typically specify what one of the intended parties
should or should not do. The parties may be
motivated by the goal or to avoid consequences of
doing contrary behaviors. Includes Guidelines,
Regulations, Agreements and Offers. Name comes
from cyc.
Subclass of
sheo:NormativeSpecificationDescription
(N) sheo:about
some sheo:_Agreement
(N) gist:hasDirectPart
some gist:Term
sheo:AgreementDescription
Text characterization of an Agreement
--- AND ---
Subclass of
sheo:NormativeSpecification
(N) gist:categorizedBy
some sheo:Required
(N) gist:describedIn
some sheo:OfferDescription
(N) gist:giver
some gist:SocialBeing
(N) gist:hasDirectPart
some gist:Offering
sheo:businessDefinition The stated willingness to sell or give away
some product or service.
sheo:_Offer A product or service available to a potential
purchaser under certain stipulations. Also includes
guaranties, warranties, encumbrances, etc. More
general than gist:Offer.
Subclass of
sheo:NormativeSpecificationDescription
(N) sheo:about
some sheo:_Offer
(N) gist:hasDirectPart
some gist:Term
sheo:OfferDescription
Text characterization of an Offer
--- OR ---
(NS) sheo:instructToDo
some gist:Behavior
sheo:businessDefinition Specification of something that
must be done.
sheo:Instruction A generic description of things that
should or must be done. May become
obligations when tied to particular agents.
Subclass of
gist:DegreeOfCommitment
sheo:Required Indicates that the suggested behaviors are required.
Subclass of
gist:DegreeOfCommitment
sheo:Optional Indicates that the suggested behaviors are not required.
Specification
Controlling and Influencing Behavior
gist:Goal
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
••
••
•
•
e.g., won’t let you say a
Hospital is also a
Building
•
•
•
Subclass of
sheo:Accreditation
(N) gist:getter
some gist:LegalOrganization
(N) gist:given
some sheo:HospitalLicense
(N) gist:giversome
sheo:HospitalCredentialingOrganization
sheo:businessDefinition GIving a hospital the license to operate.
sheo:HospitalAccreditation The event of giving hospital credentials to an
organization, i.e., a hospital. Note that the
recipient may not be the hospital, rather it may
be the owner of the hospital.
Subclass of
sheo:Credentials
(NS) sheo:givenOn
some sheo:HospitalAccreditation
(N) gist:hasMagnitude
some sheo:HospitalBedCount
sheo:businessDefinition Legal permission for an organization to
function as a hospital.
sheo:HospitalLicense A license that permits an organization to
operate as a hospital. A key aspect of the
license is the number of hospital beds for
what medical services.
Subclass of
gist:CountingUnit
(N) gist:regarding
some gist:Behavior
sheo:businessDefinition A unit capacity for registering beds in a
hospital.
sheo:HospitalBed One space in a hospital for a patient, with a
set of specific medical procedures that are
allowed to be performed. Used to specify
capacity for licensing, it is not the physical
bed.
Subclass of
gist:Count
(N) gist:hasUoM
some sheo:HospitalBed
sheo:HospitalBedCount A count of the number of registered beds a
hospital is licenced to operate.
1277 Classes
397 Properties
8065 Axioms
Hospital Licensing
Subclass of
sheo:Accreditation
(N) gist:getter
some gist:LegalOrganization
(N) gist:given
some sheo:HospitalLicense
(N) gist:giversome
sheo:HospitalCredentialingOrganization
sheo:businessDefinition GIving a hospital the license to operate.
sheo:HospitalAccreditation The event of giving hospital credentials to an
organization, i.e., a hospital. Note that the
recipient may not be the hospital, rather it may
be the owner of the hospital.
Subclass of
sheo:Credentials
(NS) sheo:givenOn
some sheo:HospitalAccreditation
(N) gist:hasMagnitude
some sheo:HospitalBedCount
sheo:businessDefinition Legal permission for an organization to
function as a hospital.
sheo:HospitalLicense A license that permits an organization to
operate as a hospital. A key aspect of the
license is the number of hospital beds for
what medical services.
Subclass of
gist:CountingUnit
(N) gist:regarding
some gist:Behavior
sheo:businessDefinition A unit capacity for registering beds in a
hospital.
sheo:HospitalBed One space in a hospital for a patient, with a
set of specific medical procedures that are
allowed to be performed. Used to specify
capacity for licensing, it is not the physical
bed.
Subclass of
gist:Count
(N) gist:hasUoM
some sheo:HospitalBed
sheo:HospitalBedCount A count of the number of registered beds a
hospital is licenced to operate.
Hospital Licensing
shei http://ontologies.sentara.com/shei#
sheo http://ontologies.sentara.com/sheo#
gist http://ontologies.semanticarts.com/gist#
Namespaces
URI : http://ontologies.sentara.com/sheo/resource1.0
URI : http://ontologies.semanticarts.com/gist/gistFinance1.3
URI : http://ontologies.semanticarts.com/gist/gistMeasure1.3
Imports
SHEO: Business and Finance
Sentara Healthcare Enterprise Ontology: Business Module
Base URI : http://ontologies.sentara.com/sheo/business1.0
Default Namespace : http://ontologies.sentara.com/sheo#
(N) gist:of
some gist:SocialBeing
(N)
sheo:_hasCommunicationAddress
min 1
(N) sheo:hasScope
some sheo:SentThingType
(N) gist:categorizedBy
min 1 sheo:DeliveryMode
(N) gist:categorizedBy
min 1 sheo:SendeeType
Subclass of
sheo:NormativeSpecification
sheo:DeliveryPreference Shipping or Communication Preference,
e.g., for mailing, courier delivery, email, fax,
etc. for different situations.This might be
filled out, e.g., during patient registration,
employee orientation, or be for suppliers.
sheo:SentPhysicalThingType
sheo:SentVirtualThingType
sheo:InformationCategory
sheo:SentThingType Type of things that can be sent to an
arbitrary address. e.g small physical
item, appointment reminder
--- OR ---
sheo:DeliveryPreference
(N) sheo:categorizedBy
some sheo:InvoiceInfo
sheo:BillingAddress A DeliveryPreference stating where
invoices should be sent.
Subclass of
gist:Content
(N) gist:hasA
some sheo:_Permission
(NS) sheo:givenOn
some sheo:Accreditation
sheo:businessDefinition Legal authorization to do certain things.
sheo:Credentials What is given as the outcome of an
Accreditation event, e.g., legal authorization
to perform or provide specific services.
Registration / Credentialing
Subclass of
sheo:Recognition
(N) sheo:doer
some sheo:Registrar
(N) sheo:registrant
exactly 1 sheo:Registrant
(N) gist:produces
some sheo:RegistrationRecord
(NS) gist:characterizedAs
some sheo:Register
sheo:businessDefinition Signing up for something, either voluntary
or legally required.
sheo:Registration The event of creating a record of some data
on an individual for some purpose, e.g.,
permission to use an online service, receive
medical care, or drive your car; or, to meet
an Obligation, e.g., to register for the draft.gist:Person
sheo:registrantOn
some sheo:Registration
sheo:RegisteredPerson
Someone who has been registered.
--- AND ---
gist:Content
sheo:producedBy
some sheo:Registration
sheo:RegistrationRecord The output product of a Registration event
behavior; data about the registrant.
--- AND ---
Subclass of
sheo:Accreditation
(N) gist:getter
some gist:LegalOrganization
(N) gist:given
some sheo:HospitalLicense
(N) gist:giversome
sheo:HospitalCredentialingOrganizatio
n
sheo:businessDefinition GIving a hospital the license to operate.
sheo:HospitalAccreditation The event of giving hospital credentials to
an organization, i.e., a hospital. Note that
the recipient may not be the hospital,
rather it may be the owner of the hospital.
Subclass of
sheo:Recognition
(N) gist:giver
some sheo:CredentialingOrganization
(N) gist:getter
some gist:SocialBeing
(N) sheo:given
some sheo:Credentials
(NS) gist:characterizedAs
some sheo:Grant
sheo:Accreditation The event of giving credentials to an
organization or individual.
gist:Domain
sheo:LegalEntity
(N) gist:giverOn
some sheo:Accreditation
sheo:businessDefinition An organization that authorizes
individuals or other organizations to
do certain things.
sheo:CredentialingOrganization An organization that gives credentials to
individuals or other organizations.
--- AND ---
Subclass of
sheo:Credentials
(NS) sheo:givenOn
some sheo:HospitalAccreditation
(N) gist:hasMagnitude
some sheo:HospitalBedCount
sheo:businessDefinition Legal permission for an organization to
function as a hospital.
sheo:HospitalLicense A license that permits an organization to
operate as a hospital. A key aspect of the
license is the number of hospital beds for
what medical services.
Subclass of
sheo:PhysicalLocation
sheo:businessDefinition The area a service is available in.
sheo:ServiceRegion An area in which a given service
may be provided. May be a geo
region, or something that has one,
e.g., a township.
Subclass of
sheo:PhysicalLocation
sheo:businessDefinition A territory handled by a
salesperson.
sheo:SalesRegion An area that a given sales agent is
responsible for. May be a geo
region, or something that has one,
e.g., a township.
(N)
sheo:hasPhysicalLocation
some gist:GeoRegion
(N) gist:ownedBy
some gist:SocialBeing
Subclass of
sheo:RightToOccupy
sheo:RealEstate Usually defined as the land itself;
here we define it as the right to
occupy some land.
sheo:hasScope
some gist:GeoRegion
Subclass of
sheo:_Permission
sheo:COPN Certificate of Public Need
Subclass of
sheo:CredentialingOrganization
sheo:HospitalCredentialingOrganization An organization that gives a license to a hospital.
Subclass of
sheo:CredentialingOrganization
sheo:PhysicianCredentialingOrganization An organization that legally grants physicians their
credentials.
Subclass of
gist:CountingUnit
(N) gist:regarding
some gist:Behavior
sheo:businessDefinition A unit capacity for registering beds in a
hospital.
sheo:HospitalBed One space in a hospital for a patient, with a
set of specific medical procedures that are
allowed to be performed. Used to specify
capacity for licensing, it is not the physical
bed.
gist:Category
sheo:SentPhysicalDocumentType Any kind of document that is physically
sent.
Subclass of
sheo:SentVirtualThingType
sheo:Pay The funds, as opposed to the pay
stub.
sheo:PII-Invoice
sheo:PersIdentInfo Information where the person can be
identified. e.g. clinical information on STDs,
HIV, MentalHealth etc.
sheo:LegallyRequiredNotification
Subclass of
gist:Category
sheo:InformationCategory This currently includes [kinds of]
documents as well as [kinds of]
information. Could be teased apart
and linked in the future.
sheo:AgreementChangeNotification
sheo:PII-AppointmentReminder
sheo:EoB Explanation of Benefits
sheo:PII-Prescription
sheo:PII-Subpoena
sheo:BillingStatements
sheo:PII-PayStub
sheo:MarketingInfo
sheo:PII-WorkAssignment
sheo:DateEntryForm Data entry turnaround form (e.g. Survey)
sheo:SentPhysicalThingType Any kind of thing that is physically sent.
sheo:PII-MedicalResults
sheo:Non_PII_Invoice
sheo:InvoiceInfo
Communication Preferences
sheo:PII-Invoice
sheo:SensitiveInformationCategory Instances (or subclasses) of this would include:
HIV/ADIS, MentalHealth, STD, Disease States,
Personally Identification, Trade Secret, Licensed
(ie CPT codes)
sheo:MentalHealth
sheo:TradeSecret
sheo:STD Sexually transmitted diseases
sheo:HIV-AIDS
sheo:LicensedInformation e.g. CPT codes
sheo:SummaryBenefits
Document Types
sheo:SummaryBenefits
sheo:OtherPlan
Subclass of
gist:Category
sheo:SendeeType Who the communication is sent to.
sheo:MassCorrespondence Any kind of target population that
something is sent to en masse.
sheo:DeliveryModePhysical
sheo:DeliveryModeElectronic
sheo:DeliveryMode Ways that something can be sent to
one or more a gist:Address(es). An
important subset of these are ways
to deliver purchased items; these are
covered by Goodrelations.
--- OR ---
sheo:DeliveryModeElectronic Electronic delivery
gist:Category
sheo:DeliveryRegistered Delivery using a formal registration and
tracking process.
Subclass of
sheo:Sending
(N) sheo:object
some gist:Address
(N) gist:regarding
some sheo:Sending
(N) gist:characterizedAs
some sheo:Notify
sheo:businessDefinition Telling where some information or goods
may be found.
sheo:Notification The transmission of the whereabouts of
goods or information, separate from the
goods or information itself; everything
from the notice that you have a package
at the postoffice to the terms as defined
on a particular web site.
Subclass of
sheo:Sending
(N) sheo:to
some sheo:PublicLocation
(N) sheo:object
some gist:Content
(N) gist:characterizedAs
some sheo:PubliclyPost
sheo:Posting This is putting information (or notifaction)
in a generally known and accessable
place without the obligation to
individually alert all the people that may
be affected. for instance legal notices in
the classifieds, posting bids in a specific
journal etc.
Subclass of
sheo:_Location
sheo:PublicLocation A place, physical or virtual, where things
can be freely visited and/or seen by
members of the public.
sheo:_Permission
sheo:RightToOccupy The right to occupy something, e.g.
land or a building.
sheo:RightToMine The right to obtain minerals from
some land.
sheo:RightToBuildOn The right to construct one or more
buildings on some land.
Subclass of
sheo:DeliveryMode
sheo:DisclosureMechanism Any means of disseminating
information. Narrower than
DeliveryMode because it only
includes information.
sheo:PubliclyPost
sheo:Notify
sheo:doerOn
some sheo:Registration
sheo:_Agent
sheo:Registrar The one who does the registering on a
Registration event.
--- AND ---
sheo:registrantOn
some sheo:Registration
sheo:_Agent
sheo:Registrant The one who is registered on a Registration
event.
--- AND ---
sheo:MedicalInformationCategory
– Page-1 and FINANCE
Author : Michael Uschold & DaveMcComb
Last Updated : 5/2/2012
Subclass of
sheo:Accreditation
(N) gist:getter
some sheo:HealthcareProviderPerson
sheo:PractitionerAccredation An event giving a health care provider
credentials to practice.
--- AND ---
sheo:ProtectedHealthInformation Acronym: PHI
Subclass of
gist:Count
(N) gist:hasUoM
some sheo:HospitalBed
sheo:HospitalBedCount A count of the number of registered beds a
hospital is licenced to operate.
Subclass of
sheo:Accreditation
(N) gist:getter
some gist:LegalOrganization
(N) gist:given
some sheo:InsuranceLicense
sheo:InsuranceAccreditation The event of giving an insurance company
a license to sell insurance.
Subclass of
sheo:Credentials
(NS) sheo:givenOn
some sheo:InsuranceAccreditation
sheo:InsuranceLicense A license that permits an organization to sell
insurance.
Subclass of
sheo:InsuranceLicense
(N) sheo:issuedTo
some sheo:InsuranceCompany
sheo:ReinsuranceLicense A license to insure insurance companies.
Subclass of
sheo:Credentials
Subclass of
sheo:_Permission
sheo:License Permission formally granted to do or use
things in a particular manner.
sheo:ReinsuranceLicense
sheo:HealthInsuranceLicense Permission to provide insurance for
health care.
sheo:InsuranceLicense Permission to operate as an insurance
company.
sheo:ElectronicConfirmedDelivery
sheo:PhysicalConfirmedDelivery
sheo:DeliveryModeConfirmed A confirmation of receipt of the delivery is
possible.
--- OR ---
sheo:ElectronicConfirmedDelivery includes email confirmed receipt
sheo:DeliveryModePhysical Physical delivery
sheo:DeliveryModeParcelService Delivery by Parcel Service
sheo:PhysicalConfirmedDelivery includes Certified Mail, Sopeana, Fed Ex
signed
sheo:PII-NarcoticPrescription
sheo:Specimen A sample, as of tissue, blood, or urine, used
for analysis and diagnosis.
Business
Permissions
Business
Covers six meters of wall space with a three meter tall ceiling!
Finance Marketing
properties classes -- sub gists: events, finance, measures, organizations etc. --
---------------------- Gist minimalist ontology for business ---------------------------
Resources Core healthcare Generic concepts
Business Care delivery & Coordination Body of Knowledge
Supply chain Health Insurance Regulations
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first
and only comprehensive ontology for
healthcare delivery and insurance.
Using EMR and
Linked Open
Data to
Manage Chronic
Asthma and
COPD
Health DatapaloozaHealth Data Initiative Forum III • Building prototypes to
demonstrate capabilities.
• Based on selected
portions of the ontology.
Current
EPA
DataPatient
Admission
Data by
Date
Historic EPA
Data at
Admission
Today’s Asthma Forecast
Anticipate and Prevent
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Important distinctions for
recruiting, auditing, planning.
Tricky to represent elegantly.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Branding Department has the
goal that some target
population believes some
things about the company.
Sales Department has the goal
that some (other) target
population buys something.
Patients want to achieve
personal health goals
(e.g., lose weight).
Education goal is
to know something.
•
•
•
Variety of techniques contribute to one or more of these.
•
•
•
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•
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The ontology should be easy to learn and understand.
Interview
Author OWL
Inferencing / Consistency
Run inference tocheck consistency
View in Protege
Debug cycle
Interview / Model cycle
Dozens of visualization
tools out there...
...none meet our needs.
Doing some of our
own experiments.
See Simon Robe’s talk, “Adventures in Visualization”
Interview
Author OWL
Inferencing / Consistency
Run inference tocheck consistency
View in Protege
Debug cycle
Interview / Model cycle
shei http://ontologies.sentara.com/shei#
sheo http://ontologies.sentara.com/sheo#
gist http://ontologies.semanticarts.com/gist#
skos http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
Namespaces
URI : http://ontologies.sentara.com/sheo/resource1.0
Imports
Marketing
Sentara Healthcare Enterprise Ontology: Marketing and Strategy Module
Base URI : http://ontologies.sentara.com/sheo/marketing1.0
Default Namespace : http://ontologies.sentara.com/sheo#
(N) sheo:toDo
some sheo:Purchase
sheo:PurchaseGoal The Goal that some Agent or
Population purchases something.
sheo:LoyaltyGoal One of several kinds of goals that
indicate loyalty to a particular vendor.
Loyalty is about Degree and Scope of
alignment.
(N) sheo:toKnow
some sheo:Information
sheo:AwarenessGoal The Goal that some Agent has
awareness of something.
(N) sheo:toKnow
some sheo:SentaraOffer
sheo:ProductAwarenessGoal A goal for some target population to
know something about Sentara
product or service.
(N) sheo:toKnow
some sheo:Information
sheo:SentaraAwarenessGoal A goal for some target population to
know something about Sentara.
Subclass of
gist:Goal
sheo:MarketingGoal One of many different goals that
marketing activities aim to achieve,
e.g., to create awareness, change
attitudes, get people to buy. Usually
targeted at specific populations.
(N) sheo:toDo
some sheo:Refer
(N) gist:regarding
some sheo:SentaraOffer
sheo:ReferralGoal The Goal that some Agent or
Population Refers a product or service
to someone.
(N) sheo:toHave
some sheo:Preference
(N) gist:regarding
some sheo:SentaraOffer
sheo:PreferenceGoal The Goal that some Agent or
Population prefers purchasing
something with certain qualities or from
certain vendors.
sheo:Persuasion
(N) gist:hasGoal
some sheo:TargetedMarketingGoal
(N) gist:hasDirectPart
some sheo:MarketingCommunication
sheo:businessDefinition Attempting to influence attitudes and
behaviors of potential customers.
sheo:Marketing A set of behaviors that have as their goals a
change in a set of behaviors (to purchase,
refer, etc.) in a target audience.
--- AND ---
Subclass of
sheo:TargetedGoal
Subclass of
sheo:MarketingGoal
(N) sheo:forAgent
some sheo:SocialBeingOrBeings
sheo:TargetedMarketingGoal A Marketing Goal targeted at specific
SocialBeings or Populations.
--- AND ---
sheo:Communication
(N) gist:partOf
some sheo:Marketing
(N) sheo:object
some sheo:MarketingMessage
(N) sheo:via
some sheo:MarketingChannel
sheo:MarketingCommunication Communication that is part of marketing
activity.
--- AND ---
sheo:CommunicationChannel
(N) sheo:routeTakenOn
some sheo:MarketingCommunication
sheo:MarketingChannel A way to reach the target population
with the messages.
--- AND ---
(N) sheo:from
some sheo:TelevisionOrRadioStation
Subclass of
sheo:VirtualRoute
sheo:BroadcastAdvertisingRoute The use of traditional broadcast over tv or
radio to deliver a message.
(N) sheo:to
some sheo:SocialMediaSite
Subclass of
sheo:VirtualRoute
sheo:SocialMediaRoute The use of some social media web site as the
destination of a message.
(N) sheo:to
some gist:PostalAddress
Subclass of
sheo:PhysicalRoute
sheo:DirectMailRoute The use of traditional postal service to make a
delivery.
(N) sheo:to
some sheo:EmailAddress
Subclass of
sheo:VirtualRoute
sheo:EmailRoute A route used to deliver email.
(N) sheo:to
some sheo:PhoneNumber
Subclass of
sheo:VirtualRoute
sheo:PhoneRoute A route used to send a message to a phone
number.
(N) sheo:from
some sheo:PersonOrPersons
Subclass of
sheo:VirtualRoute
sheo:FaceToFace The route used to communicate in the
immediate presence of another person.
Subclass of
sheo:VirtualAddress
sheo:EmailAddress An email address
Subclass of
sheo:WebSiteURL
sheo:SocialMediaSite A Social Media web site.
Subclass of
sheo:VirtualAddress
sheo:WebSiteURL A URL to any web site.
Subclass of
sheo:VirtualAddress
sheo:PhoneNumber A phone number.
sheo:TelevisionStation
sheo:RadioStation
sheo:TelevisionOrRadioStation A television or radio station.
All subclasses are disjoint
--- OR ---
sheo:VirtualLocation
(N) gist:hasGoal
some sheo:TargetedMarketingGoal
sheo:MarketingMessage A message intended to achieve one
or more marketing goals.
(N) gist:hasGoal
some sheo:EnticedGoal
sheo:EnticeMessage A Marketing Message designed to
entice the target audience.
(N) gist:hasGoal
some sheo:AwarenessGoal
sheo:AwarenessMessage A Marketing Message that is intended to
increase awareness.
(N) gist:hasDirectPart
some sheo:OfferDescription
sheo:OfferMessage A Marketing Message that makes an
offer known either to increase
awareness or to encourage purchasing.
sheo:ImageMessage An Awareness Message intended
to improve the image of the
marketed product, service or
company.
(N) gist:hasDirectPart
some gist:Speaking
sheo:PromiseMessage A Marketing Message that makes a
promise.
gist:Message
(N) sheo:toBe
some sheo:Enticed
sheo:EnticedGoal The Goal that some Agent has
awareness of something.
Subclass of
sheo:StateOrCondition
sheo:Enticed The state of being enticed.
(N) sheo:toBelieve
some sheo:ImageProposition
sheo:ImageGoal The Goal that some Agent believes
positive things about the image of a
product, service, or company.
Subclass of
sheo:Proposition
sheo:ImageProposition A proposition about an image,
ideally that the image is very
positive.
Subclass of
gist:Project
(N) gist:hasDirectPart
some sheo:Initiative
(N) gist:hasGoal
some sheo:SentaraStrategicGoal
sheo:SentaraStrategicPlan A project with a set of strategic goals to
meet that spawns various initiatives
Goals Channels
Strategy
(N) sheo:forAgent
some sheo:SentaraOrganization
sheo:SentaraGoal
sheo:SentaraGoalForItself A goal that Sentara has for itself, i.e.
Sentara wants Sentara to do, have, be,
know or believe something.
--- AND ---
(N) sheo:_goalOf
some sheo:SentaraOrganization
gist:Goal
sheo:SentaraGoal A goal that Sentara has for itself or
other agents.
--- AND ---
Subclass of
sheo:SentaraGoalForItself
sheo:SentaraStrategicGoal A key high-level goal that Sentara has
for itself.
(N) sheo:toDo
some sheo:UseSentaraFacility
(N) sheo:forAgent
some sheo:Physician
sheo:UseFacilityGoal The Goal that some Agent uses a
Sentara Facility
gist:Collection
(N) gist:hasMember
all sheo:BeliefAboutSentara
sheo:SentaraBrand A set of beliefs that are commonly
held about Sentara and/or its
products and services.
--- AND ---
sheo:SentaraProposition
(N) sheo:believedBy
some gist:SocialBeing
sheo:BeliefAboutSentara A proposition believed by one or
more SocialBeings.
--- AND ---
sheo:ImageProposition
(N) gist:about
some shei:TheSentaraHealthcare
gist:about
some sheo:SentaraOffer
sheo:SentaraProposition A proposition about Sentara or
their products and services.
--- AND ---
sheo:BetterCare The proposition that Sentara
provides better care.
sheo:MoreConvenient The proposition that Sentara is
more convenient
sheo:BetterOutcomes The proposition that Sentara
provides better outcomes.
sheo:PeaceOfMind The proposition that Sentara
provides peace of mind
sheo:PatientSafety The proposition that Sentara
provides greater patient safety.
sheo:LowerCosts The proposition that Sentara has
lower costs.
sheo:Personalization The proposition that Sentara
provides greater personalization
and customization of its products
and services.
sheo:GoodPlaceToWork The proposition that Sentara is a
good company to work for.
(N) sheo:toDo
some sheo:PurchaseHealthPlan
(N) sheo:forAgent
some gist:Employer
sheo:UseOptimaForEmployee
s The Goal that some Employer uses
an Optima health plan.
gist:Aspect
(N) gist:of
some sheo:MeasurableGoal
sheo:GoalMeasure A measurable aspect of something that
can be used to assess progress against
a goal, e.g., weight, if one is on a diet.
--- AND ---
gist:Goal
(N) gist:hasA
some sheo:GoalMeasure
sheo:MeasurableGoal A goal for which there is a measure that
can be used to assess progress
towards the goal.
--- AND ---
sheo:SentaraStrategicGoal
sheo:MeasurableGoal
(N) gist:hasA
min 1 sheo:PatientSatisfactionMeasure
sheo:TopTenPercentPatientSatisfaction A Goal to be in the top ten percent in patient
satisfaction.
--- AND ---
sheo:SentaraStrategicGoal
sheo:MeasurableGoal
(N) gist:hasA
min 1 sheo:PatientSafetyMeasure
sheo:TopTenPercentPatientSafety
A Goal to be in the top ten percent in patient safety.
--- AND ---
Subclass of
sheo:SentaraStrategicGoal
(N) gist:hasA
min 1 sheo:ProductivityMeasure
(N) gist:hasA
min 1 sheo:NumberOfPatientsSeenMeasure
(N) gist:hasA
min 1 sheo:EpisodeToWellnessMeasure
sheo:TransformationOfCare The goal to transform care.
sheo:PatientSafetyMeasure A measure of patient safety.
sheo:PatientSatisfactionMeasure A measure of patient satisfaction.
sheo:GoalMeasure A measurable aspect of something
that can be used to assess
progress against a goal, e.g.,
weight, if one is on a diet.
sheo:EpisodeToWellnessMeasure A measure towards progress from moving to a
wellness model from an episode model.
sheo:NumberOfPatientsSeenMeasure A measure of the number of patients seen.
sheo:ProductivityMeasure A measure of productivity.
Some examples Some examples
Some examples
Subclass of
gist:Project
(N) gist:partOf
some sheo:SentaraStrategicPlan
sheo:Initiative A major project that is a part of a
strategic plan.
Beliefs and
Propositions
Markets
(N) sheo:forAgent
some sheo:SentaraTargetMarket
gist:Aspect
(N) gist:regarding
some sheo:SentaraOffer
sheo:MarketDifferentiator A measureable aspect of a product or
service that is being highlighted to an
audience for marketing purposes.
Different audiences care about
different things.
Some examples
sheo:GroupOfSocialBeings
(N) sheo:forAgentOn
some sheo:MarketDifferentiator
sheo:businessDefinition The people that marketing activities are
directed at.
sheo:SentaraTargetMarket A population of individuals that marketing
activities are aimed at. Depends on the
particular products and services and how
they are being differentiated compared to the
competition. Differeent audiences include:
Patients, Physicians, Healthcare
organizations, Intermediaries, Employers,
Employees, Public at large, community
leaders, Optima Members, etc.
sheo:PhysicianMarket Potential employees or users of Sentara
facilities.
sheo:HomeHealthMarket Potential purchasers of home health care.
sheo:HealthPlanMarket Potential purchasers of or brokers selling
Optima health plans (employers and
individuals).
sheo:ConsumerMarket Ordinary consumers who may purchase
Sentara products and services.
(N) sheo:forAgent
some sheo:HealthPlanMarket
(N) gist:regarding
some sheo:OptimaPolicy
sheo:BenefitStack Some measure of how good the
benefits are.
(N) sheo:forAgent
some sheo:HealthPlanMarket
(N) gist:regarding
some sheo:OptimaPolicy
sheo:FacilityConvenience Some measure of how convenient the
facilities are.
sheo:CMS_Market Persons and Organizations
associated with CMS who
may use Sentara services.
sheo:BrokerMarket Brokers who may sell
Optima plans.
sheo:EmployeeMarket Employees who may wish to use Sentara
offerings.
sheo:CommunityLeadersMarket Community leaders whose opinions about
health care matter.
sheo:PatientsMarket Current and potential patients.
sheo:OtherHealthcareOrgMarket Other Healthcare organizations who may
wish to use or refer Sentara facilities,
products and services.
sheo:MembersMarket Potential Optima Members
sheo:EmployerMarket Employers who may use
Optima.
sheo:PublicAtLargeMarket Members of the public who might
recommend Sentara products and
services.
Subclass of
sheo:Information
sheo:Preference Information about some Agent's likely
behaviors when faced with certain
options. They will choose things that
they prefer. One might also model this
as a rank ordering.
sheo:Referring
sheo:given
some sheo:_Offer
sheo:businessDefinition A recommendation that someone use
some product or service.
sheo:BusinessReferral A Referring Event where one agent
suggests that a customer or patient see
another agent for an offered product or
service, e.g., Jane refers John to the
chiropractic service offered by Joe.
--- AND ---
Subclass of
gist:Speaking
(N) sheo:given
min 1
(N) sheo:_giver
some gist:Agent
sheo:Referring One or more Agents give to another
agent or group of agents a pointer to
something that is thought to have some
value to the recipient. Authors might
point the reader [target population] to
an article, paper or book. Someone
might point you to a good chiropracter.
sheo:BusinessReferral
sheo:given
some sheo:HealthOffer
sheo:HealthReferral A BusinessReferral relating to a medical
product or service.
--- AND ---
sheo:Referring
sheo:given
some sheo:BibliographicReference
(N) sheo:_giver
some sheo:Author
sheo:BibliographicCitation Authors of a work refer the target reader
population to another work, e.g., a
medical research paper points to a
study in another paper.
--- AND ---
Referrals
Subclass of
gist:Content
sheo:BibliographicReference A pointer to or description of the
referred work. Could be a gist:Address,
e.g., a URL.
Marketing
Messaging
Authoring format
30” x 40” paper
HTML
Docs VUE
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A work in progress!
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• Easier said than done.
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How can the ontology add value?
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See how this works, one use case at a time.
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