Impact of environmental protection requirements on the design
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Citation preview
- 1. DEPARTMENT OF MARINE TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA MMK 2513 ADVANCED MARINE
DESIGN Impact Of Environmental Protection Requirements On The
Design Of Marine Vehicle NAME : MOHAMMED ALI AL-MUHANDES MATRIC No.
: MM091250 LECTURER : Mr. AHMAD FUAAD AHMAD SABKI
- 2. IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS ON THE
DESIGN OF MARINE VEHICLE Marine transport is the nero of the
international trade where 80% of the world merchandise trade in
volume carried by sea . Although it is the most important type of
transport, there are negative effects on the environment . These
effects starting from the shipbuilding throughout the service until
the ship breaking . Thus, protection of environment became a global
issue and many regulations have been issued . The regulations
include requirements which impact positively on the design of
marine
- 3. IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS ON THE
DESIGN OF MARINE VEHICLE 1) Ships impact on the environment 2)
Regulations to protect the environment as a global issue 3) Impact
of environmental protection requrements on design of marine vehicle
4) Trend of optimizing green ship building technology 5) Future
ship 6) Conclusion
- 4. 1) SHIPS IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT Construction Operation
Breaking
- 5. 1.1) Construction Excessive emission of CO2 resulted from
welding of joints, plates and piping systems Heavy material that
found in the anti- fouling paints Pent paint removal blasting grit
Process and bilge water Solvents, oily wastes and waste engine
fluids are among the potential pollutants
- 6. 1.2) Operation Oil pollution: Operational or accidental
spills of oil or other hazardous cargo can affect sensitive areas.
Effects can impact the region fisheries impact directly on tourism
may extend to more than a year . Ballast water : The threatening of
non indigenous species through ballast water discharge and The
consequences are getting unusual new generation of marine species
some of them are harmful on
- 7. Operation Emission : Greenhouse gases greatly affect the
temperature of the Earth. The NOx emissions associated with the
condition and age of engine and Sox is mostly associated with the
fuel quality Anti-fouling : antifouling coatings can leach into the
surrounding water and accumulate benthic organisms . The nature of
the toxicity is chronic and can affect such functions as morphology
, growth and
- 8. Operation Noise pollution: can disturb marine mammals and
fish . There is particular concern over cetaceans that may
experience disturbance to feeding and breeding Garbage and waste
disposal at sea : accumulated and take a large volume onboard , the
crew tend to throw out this waste onto open sea Ship and boat wash:
result in erosion of
- 9. 1.3) Breaking Asbestos : All forms of asbestos are
hazardous, and can cause cancer Heavy metals : Found in paints,
coatings, anodes and electrical equipment . These parts are often
dumped or burnt on the beaches causing widespread pollution of the
area. Oil pollution : oil residues and the other refuses are being
spilled and mixed with soil and water in the beach. Effect on
- 10. PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT AS A GLOBAL ISSUE There are many
regulations and conventions which are made by IMO through its
committee MEPC to protect the environment from shipping industry
lead to innovate new technologies which result to high quality of
transporting by sea . Conventions such as:
- 11. REGULATIONS TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT AS A GLOBAL ISSUE
Annex I: Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil Annex
II: Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid
Substances in bulk Annex III: Regulations for the Prevention of
Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form
Annex IV: Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage
from Ships Annex V: Regulations for the Prevention of
- 12. REGULATIONS TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT AS A GLOBAL ISSUE
Annex VI: Regulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution from
Ships and NOx Technical Code Ballast Water Management Convention
(BWMC) International Convention on the Control of Harmful
Anti-fouling System on Ships Nairobe International Convention on
the Removal of Wrecks
- 13. 3) IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ON DESIGN OF MARINE
VEHICLE Designers are looking with consideration at the consumption
of materials and energy and the pollution to environment in ship
manufacturing, service and breaking : Design for Production period
Design for Operational period Design for Breaking
- 14. 3.1) Design for Production period Designer have to know
clearly about production processes so that he can play a
significant role to : Minimize air emissions Minimize use of
hazardous materials and environmental contaminates Maximize use of
recycled and recyclable material Minimize waste and scrap Maximize
use of rapidly renewable and regional materials
- 15. 3.2) Design for Operational period The hull and propulsion
resistance as much as possible to increase the ship efficiency
resulting less fuel consumption and greenhouse emission . In
addition to designing friendly hull and compartments to prevent the
oil and noxious liquid pollution : Engine Exhaust Gas should be
minimum CO2 Index (GHG Exhaust) must be lower Care should be given
to prevent Oil, Noxious
- 16. . Fig. illustrates the needs to be addressed while
designing Diesel Engine Exhaust Low NOx, SOx Incinerator Vapor
Emission Control System for Tanker Bilge-oil Discharge Control
Garbage Disposal Sewage Treatment TBT-free Painting Best Hull Form
& Propulsion Less Fuel Oil Consumption at Sea Ballast Water
Treatment Green Passport Less Hazardous Materials Electric Motor
Driven Deck Machinery Less Ballast Water Ship Low GHG Exhaust
Gray-water Treatment, etc. Oil Discharge Monitoring for Tanker
- 17. 3.3) Design for Breaking Planning to recover materials in
order to maximize economic value and minimize environmental impacts
through subsequent reuse, repair, remanufacture and recycling, so,
some principles should be strictly followed to perform the this
operation :
- 18. Design for Breaking Materials must be documented and
methods for deconstruction Select materials using the precautionary
principle Minimize or eliminate chemical connections Preferring to
use bolted, screwed and nailed connections rather than welding
Separate mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems
- 19. 4) TREND OF OPTIMIZING GREEN SHIP BUILDING TECHNOLOGY To
optimize the marine design system , it essential to focus on saving
materials, increasing work efficiency and decreasing cost. For
example : By optimizing the hull lines the ship speed will be
increased, saving energy and improving the economic efficiency. The
optimization of hull structure will increase the deadweight and
improve economic efficiency.
- 20. Trend of optimizing green ship building technology The
optimization of electric system design will decrease the length of
cables, decrease the quantity of equipment and increase the
quantity of section prefabrication.. As long as we emphasize the
concept of green ship design, there will be many methods to be
applied to optimize design.
- 21. 4.1) Selection of Materials To reach green shipbuilding, It
is essential to select green materials. This should be laid on the
following : Innocuous, inoffensive and environment materials.
Materials convenient for reclaiming and materials which can be
recycled. To decrease the quantity of variety and specification of
materials to improve the
- 22. 4.2) Selection of marine equipment The most important
factors in selection of marine equipments is the low energy
consumption, low pollution and high efficiency. For example: 1-
Choosing vaporized natural gas as fuel of diesel engine can save 35
percent of fuel cost and reduce harmful emission . 2- Electric
propulsion system have following advantages : Handling facility,
good maneuvering characteristics. Low vibration and noise
level.
- 23. Selection of marine equipment Small volume, light weight
and flexible arrangement. The ships with electric propulsion system
are equipped with middle-high speed diesel generator set of small
volume and light weight, cancel gear box and long shafting, etc,
general arrangement is flexible and convenient and easy to enlarge
loading capacity. High efficiency. Quantity of diesel generators
can be automatically controlled by electric power managing system
according to the load to ensure the optimal load condition of the
diesel generators. It improves the efficiency of generator set
greatly and saves the
- 24. Fig. illustrate electric propulsion system
- 25. 4.3) Improvement of Building Technique High quality of
welding and finishing leads to lessen the resistance impact the
ship in service which lead to improve the ship efficiency. There
are many points in this area such as: Innovation and application of
high efficient welding technology will increase work efficiency,
save energy and slow down pollution . The integration of hull
construction with outfitting and painting and innovation and
application of ship painting technology will increase work
efficiency, save energy, decrease waste, slow down pollution and
carry out integrated hull construction, outfitting and
painting.
- 26. Improvement of Building Technique Application of super
block lifting technique of integrated accommodation, engine room,
bow, stern and pump room, etc. will realize extended manufacturing
and parallel working of interim products to improve work efficiency
and save energy . Application of hull accuracy control technology,
including no-tolerance lifting of blocks, expanding no- tolerance
laying-off, increasing the accuracy of block manufacturing,
effectively controlling the deviation of hull principle dimensions
will improve work efficiency, save energy and decrease pollution
and waste . Application of secondary steel nesting technology
to
- 27. 5) FUTURE SHIP The energy gotten from the sun, wind and the
waves. The main consideration of future ship are : Using the sun,
wind and waves to employ multiple energy generators that include
fuel cells. Optimizing cargo capacity and lowering energy
consumption per transported unit. Taking into consideration other
environmental challenges.
- 28. Future green ship
- 29. Solar energy
- 30. Wind energy
- 31. Wave energy
- 32. Light weight materials The hull of this friendly ship made
of aluminium and thermoplastic composite materials which offer
these distinct advantages over common carbon steels : High tensile
strength Less maintenance Easy to shape Lightweight Fatigue
resistant
- 33. 6) CONCLUSION Apparently the requirements to protect the
environment have positive impact on designing marine vehicle . As
environment becomes a global issue, saving our plant for now days
and next generations is essential . For that reason, there are many
regulations issued . These regulations create innovation and excite
the minds of
- 34. References : 1) Green flsgship from
http://www.2wglobal.com/www/pdf/Green_Flagship.pdf on 25/9/2010 2)
Green ship technology book, 2nd edition April 2010, from
http://emec.eu/green/downloadok.asp 3) Green vessel design , by
Joseph Payne, Pe, Leed Ap, from
www.nsrp.org/...Panels/...Design.../060408_Green%20Vessel%20Design_Payne.p
df on 22/10/2010 4) Impact of Environmental Protection Requirements
on the design of marine vehicles by Mohammad Mobassher - Bin Tofa
UTM master student MMK2513 5) International maritime organization
main web site on-conventions 25/9/2010 6) Marine environment issues
in shipping and ports from marine safety MMK2823 note book 2009. 7)
Ship breaking activities and its impacts on the coastal zones from
http://www.ypsa.org/publications/Impact.pdf on 26/10/2010 8)
Shipbuilding and ship repair from
http://www.pprc.org/hubs/keyword_search.cfm?hub=32&subsec=7 on
21/10/2010 9) Ship hull performance technology from
www.subind.net/web/doc/Newsletter_maart09.pdf on 23/9/2010 10)
"Ship Recycling Convention - What does it require shipbuilders to
do?" (PDF/1.5 MB). Forum Item- 4 Ballast Water Management
Convention and Current Technology on 22/10/2010 11) The Development
Trend of Green Ship Building Technology from
http://www.asef2007.com/pdf/document_2nd/14 General on 23/9/2010
12) Understanding current environmental issues and their impacts on
ship design from http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/44288 - 18k on
24/10/2010