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DESCRIPTION
An introduction to one possible MQ architecture - an active/active multiple queue manager clientserver environment. Summary of detailed topology articles available here: http://ow.ly/vrUUV And MQDev blog+discussion on client attachment here: http://ibm.co/MM8rMl
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© 2014 IBM Corporation
Building a Scalable & Continuously AvailableIBM MQ Infrastructure
AMC-1882
Please Note
IBM’s statements regarding its plans, directions, and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice at IBM’s sole discretion.
Information regarding potential future products is intended to outline our general product direction and it should not be relied on in making a purchasing decision.
The information mentioned regarding potential future products is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation to deliver any material, code or functionality. Information about potential future products may not be incorporated into any contract. The development, release, and timing of any future features or functionality described for our products remains at our sole discretion.
Performance is based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The actual throughput or performance that any user will experience will vary depending upon many factors, including considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user’s job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage configuration, and the workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve results similar to those stated here.
Introduction
Article series describing one possible MQ topology as a pattern• ibm.co/1cz0MrL
Why?• Make it easier to include MQ in a project• Help meet ‘five nines’ or ‘continuous’ availability via a standard approach• Help MQ admin teams do more with less through consistency
• Provide config and code samples to get started quickly in a DevOps culture
The approach is client/server, why?• Applications increasing have a large number of instances• Application instances come and go
• MQ should be seen as critical infrastructure, similar to a Database• Provisioning and scaling MQ separately from the app gives flexibility
How many ‘hubs’ of MQ could you have?• In general continue to provision MQ on a per-project basis – just like a DB• Some sharing/multi-tenancy is likely based on risk assessment – just like a DB
MQ ClusterWorkload Balancing
MQ ClusterWorkload Balancing
Overview – architecture view
Every sender/requester uses two connectionsEvery receiver/service has two listenersMake each Queue Manager HA to recover persistent messagesSimple to interoperate with co-located Queue ManagersSimple to interoperate with z/OS Queue Sharing Groups Pattern discussed in detail here: http://ow.ly/vrUUV
App1 QM1App1 QM1
App1QM2App1QM2
App2 QM1App2 QM1
Shared QM1Shared QM1
Shared QM2Shared QM2
App1 Inst1App1 Inst1
App1 Inst2App1 Inst2
App1 Inst3App1 Inst3
App1 Inst4App1 Inst4
App2 Inst1App2 Inst1
App2 Inst2App2 Inst2
App2 Inst3App2 Inst3
App2 Inst4App2 Inst4
App2 QM2App2 QM2
App2 QM3App2 QM3
App2 QM4App2 QM4
App1 Inst1App1 Inst1
App1 Inst2App1 Inst2
App1 Inst3App1 Inst3
App1 Inst4App1 Inst4
App2 Inst1App2 Inst1
App2 Inst2App2 Inst2
Overview – infrastructure view
Principal design philosophy is active/active• Continuous availability of the service
Minimum number of queue managers is 2• Sending and receiving gateway roles can be fulfilled by the same qmgr
HA failover is optional• If you have persistent messages that you need to recover quickly after a failure
MQ1Standby
MQ2Standby
Machine 1 Machine 2
HA failover
HA failoverMQ2
(Sending &Receiving GW)
MQ1(Sending &
Receiving GW)
Highly availablenetwork-attached
file-system
MQ Hub
Senders Receivers
Overview – 2 is the magic number
Every sender sends to two queue managers• No single point of failure for sending messages• Not too many places to look for messages
Every receiver listens to two queue managers concurrently• Every queue manager has two app instances listening for messages• Every app instance listens to two queue managers• Note: cannot have more receiving gateways than receiving app instances
No single point of failure• Any single component can fail, and all other components continue processing
MQ
Cluster
Receiver 1
Receiver 2
Receiver 3
Receiver 4
Sender 1
Sender 2
Sender 3
Sender 4
Sender 5
Sender 6
Sender 7
Sender 8
MQGateway 1
MQGateway 2
MQGateway 3
MQGateway 4
MQGateway 5
MQGateway 1
MQGateway 2
MQGateway 3
MQGateway 4
MQGateway 5
Sending messages
Each app instance sends to two different queue managers
Need a workload management strategy• Prioritised• Random• Round robin – my personal preference
Biggest practical concern for customers:
How do I create/change my app code to connectto two different remote queue managers
Sendingapplication
Connectionlogic
(CCDT orcustom)
SendingGateway 1
SendingGateway 2
MQ connection 1
MQ connection 2
MQ
Clust er
Sending messages – choices for multi-QM client attachmentCONNAME list CCDT (multi-QMGR) Load balancer Code stub
Scale of code change required for existing apps that connect to a single QM
+iveMQCONN("QMNAME") to MQCONN("*QMNAME")QMName might be in JNDI config for Java EE apps.Otherwise requires a one character code-change.
-iveReplace existing JMS/MQI connection logic with code stub.
Support for different WLM strategies
-ivePrioritized only
=Prioritized + Random
+iveAny, including per-connect round-robin
+iveAny, including per-message round-robin.
Performance overhead while primary QM is down
-iveAlways tries first in list
+iveRemembers last good
+ivePort monitoring avoids bad QMs
+iveCan remember last good, and retry intelligently
XA Transaction Support
-iveThe transaction manager needs to store recovery information that reconnects to the same QM resource. An MQCONN that resolves to different QMs generally invalidates this. e.g. in Java EE, a single Connection Factory should resolve to a single QM when using XA.
+iveCode stub can meet the XA transaction manager’s requirements. e.g. multiple Connection Factories.
Connection rebalancing on failback.e.g. when a QM restarts after a failure or planned outage, how long till apps use it again
-iveConnection pooling in Java EE will hold onto connections indefinitely, unless connections are configured with an aged timeout. Using an aged timeout might drive exceptions in some cases. An aged timeout also introduces a performance overhead during normal operation. Conversation sharing might need to be disabled (SHARCNV=1) with an aged timeout to ensure reconnects always establish a new socket.The ‘remembers last good’ CCDT behaviour might also delay failback.
+iveCode stub can handle failback flexibly, with little/no performance overhead.
Admin flexibility to hide infrastructure changes from apps
-iveDNS only
=DNS and/or shared file-system / CCDT file push
+iveDynamic Virtual IP address (VIP)
=DNS or single-QMGR CCDT entries
More detail on MQDev here: http://ibm.co/MM8rMl
Receiving messages
The application needs two active listeners• Random/prioritised attachment can lead to stranded messages
• AMQSCLM is an alternative - discussed in AMC-1883
For Java EE this means two MDB endpoints• EJB 2.1 style deployment descriptors
– Add a second endpoint to the XML
• EJB 3.0 style annotations– Create a code hierarchy
EJB 2.1 & 3.0 samples on github:https://github.com/ibm-messaging/mq-wlm-client
Receivingapplication
Active
Active
MQ Listener 1
MQ Listener 2
MQ
Clust er
ReceivingGateway 1
ReceivingGateway 2
Synchronous request/response
Response 1Requesterapplication
Connectionlogic
(CCDT orcustom)
MQ 1
MQ 2
MQ connection 1
MQ connection 2
MQ
Clust er
Request 1
Response 2
Request 2
Use same MQ connection to receive the response• e.g. the same JMS Session
MQ fills in the MQMD.ReplyToQMgr on send• Back-end app must honour this when sending the response
Synchronous request/response – advanced case
A clustered reply queue for synchronous request/response• Lets replies take a different route back from requests• Only adds resilience for highly parallel nonpersistent request/reply, where requests
build up on back-end threads in business logic rather than in MQ
Requires correlation logic to pass responses back to waiting threads
This is not the same as two-way asynchronous messaging
Code samples: https://github.com/ibm-messaging/mq-wlm-client
AsynchronousReceiver
Two-way asynchronous messaging
The optimal use of messaging is fully asynchronousRequests are sent “fire & forget”, as are responses
• Critical requests are sent as persistent within a transaction that updates a DB• Transactional state update + persistent send = exactly once delivery
Responses are handled by any app instance at any time• No thread is left ‘hung’ in the requesting application• If responses need to be correlated with requests, then a state store is used
– A Database – DB2 etc.– An elastic cache – WebSphere eXtreme Scale
Must be designed into the application• Can revolutionize responsiveness• Truly decouples applications
Receivingapplication
Active
Active
MQ Listener 1
MQ Listener 2
MQ
Cluste
r
ReceivingGateway 1
ReceivingGateway 2
Fire &ForgetRequester
CCDTor custom
SendingGateway 1
SendingGateway 2
MQ connection 1
MQ connection 2
MQ Listener 1
MQ Listener 2
50% requests
50% requests
50% responses
50% responses
Publish/subscribe messaging
MQ gives the same QoS for pub/sub as for P2P• Fan out messages one-to-many• WLM across multiple subscriber instances
Achieved by bridging durable subscriptions to cluster queues• Define subscriptions on queue managers where publishers
connect
Sub1 Inst1
Sub1 Inst2Pub Inst1
Pub Inst2
QM1
QM2
QM3
QM4
Pub/S
ub Fan
-Ou
t+
MQ
Clu ster W
LM
Sub2 Inst1
Sub2 Inst2
QM3
QM4
Limitations for message ordering
No active/active solution is provided here for ordered messages• MQ only assures order when there is one path from
producing thread to consuming thread
The simplest solution, and as far as this presentation goes• Allocate individual queue managers with HA Failover for ordered messages
MQGateway 1
MQGateway 2
MQGateway 1
MQGateway 2
MQGateway N1
MQGateway N2
MQGateway N1
MQGateway N2
Receiver 1
Receiver 2
Receiver 3
Receiver 4
Receiver N1
Receiver N2
Receiver N3
Receiver N4
Sender 1
Sender 2
Sender 3
Sender 4
Sender N1
Sender N2
Sender N3
Sender N4
MQ
Clu
ster W
orklo
ad M
ana
gem
ent
. .
. . .
. . .
.. .
.
SenderSendinggateway
Receivinggateway Receiver
Can be the same queue manager.Might be in different hubs.
Including IBM Integration Bus
The architecture fits IBM Integration Bus• Option 1: Add it as a separate tier• Option 2: Compress everything into a single active/active IIB tier
For more on IIB architectures, try the following link (plug):ibm.co/1a2Y2os
MQGW1
MQGW2
Receiver 1
Receiver 2
Receiver 3
Receiver 4
Sender 1
Sender 2
Sender 3
Sender 4
SenderSendinggateway
Receivinggateway
Receiver
MQGW1
MQGW2
Integration Node 1
Integration Node 2
Routing& filtering
MQ
Clust er
MQ
Clust er
Can be same the queue manager
Questions?
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