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1
Human Machine Interface (HMI)
in Driver Environment Results from the WiseCar project
Lone-Eirin Lervåg, Terje Moen and Gunnar D. Jenssen
SINTEF
VERDIKT, 01. Nov 2010
Context No consensus on HMI standard yet
Humanist
4 year Network of excellence
Humanist/AIDE workshops
Human Factors Standardisation within ISO
Definitions, measurements
eSafety working groups
European Statement of Principles on HMI
RESPONSE (Prevent) Code of Practise for ADAS
WiseCar
Need for HMI evaluation methodology
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The WiseCar project: Intelligent Driver Support Systems
Funded by the Norwegian Research Council trough the research
programme ”VERDIKT”
User-driven Innovation Project (BIP)
Periode: 2007-2011
The main objective of WiseCar is to develope
mobile ICT-solutions for all road users. Improved safety and efficiency in transport
Considerable growth for Norwegian product- and service industry
New knowledge and technology
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Main activities in WiseCar
Product development State of the art research and governmental strategies to the innovation
process
Development and adaption of technological platform Technological platform for wireless communication (CVIS)
Information platform for traffic related data (TRIP)
Development of Evaluation Methodology Human Machine Interface, safety and efficiency effects
Unwanted side effects (distraction, increased driver workload etc)
Test battery consisting of advanced driving simulator, instrumented
vehicles, field equipment, workload indicator measurements, driver
awareness measurements, driver attention measurements
Examples of use of the
Evaluation Methodology developed
within the WiseCar project:
Example 1:
Testing of an Intelligent Speed Adapter
developed by Triona AS
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Testing ISA in the driving simulator Intelligent Speed Adaption
The ISA product had unexpected delays
showing new speedlimit
An interface to ISA in the driving simulator was
made
GPS interface
logical road network database
Stress-testing by increasing the GPS data rate
from the simulator to ISA
Bug found quite fast
The bug caused a delay in Windows Message Queuing
system causing unexpected delays when displaying
new speed limits
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The test saved Triona for a lot of time trying to track
down the error in real traffic.
Examples of use of the
Evaluation Methodology developed
within the WiseCar project:
Example 2:
Expert evaluation of a waste management system
developed by Norsk Navigasjon AS
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Waste Manager Tool for the renovation industry developed by Norsk Navigasjon AS
Function:
Navigate and guide drivers
Always updated data in the
trucks
Rerouting of trucks
Documentation of work
completed
HMI solution based on a
display in the truck
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Evaluation of HMI with regard to traffic safety
Purpose:
Reveal potential system weakness
(usability, safety)
Check product according to current
international standards and
guidelines
Method
Expert evaluation (safety checklist,
observation)
Survey among drivers
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Conclusions – Waste Manager
No serious safety faults revealed
Some minor usability faults revealed (can easily be corrected)
User accept is generally positive
The product is in agreement with international standards
and guidelines for In-vehicle information and
communication systems.
Added value for company:
Improvement of product
Marketing arguements
Safety assurance
10
Examples of use of the
Evaluation Methodology developed
within the WiseCar project:
Example 3:
Development and evaluation of HMI solutions
for a Lane Departure Warning system
(WayPilot)
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WayPilot – electronic road markings
The Norwegian Public Roads Administration
has tested a system for Lane Departure
Warning called WayPilot
SINTEF was engaged to develop and
evaluate alternative HMI solutions based on
the WiseCar methodology
The study was carried out in the
SINTEF/NTNU advanced driving simulator.
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HMI solutions
Common to all lane departure warning systems are the task
of informing or alerting the driver on undesirable deviation
in lateral position.
Most products on the market alert the driver by a
combination of: Audible warnings
Visual warnings
Haptic feedback
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The original WayPilot HMI
Visual and auditory feedback
Left center marking
(Remember turn signal!)
Right lane marking Left lane marking
(Remember turn signal!)
Two haptic HMI solutions were developed
Tactile seat
Tactile steering wheel
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Vibration units integrated in
drivers seat
Vibration unit integrated in steering wheel
Simulator study Experimental design
A virtual model of a test route of 14 km was built
A sample of 18 subjects with simulator experience was
selected
Each driver drove a total of three test rounds, one round
for each HMI solution: Original WayPilot (visual and audible)
Tactile seat and LED display
Tactile steering wheel and LED display
After each trial the subjects completed a questionnaire
During the test drive, the subjects were presented to 9
tasks – to provoke them to leave the driving lane
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Overtaking of stationary objects Pass a parked BMW
Pass a parked Audi
Pass some cones (roadwork)
Avoid a big box
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Retrieving of object from the back seat
Grab the RITZ box in the rear
seat and put it in the front
seat. Voice message
Take the RITZ box in the front
seat and put it back in the
rear seat. Voice message
Conclusion I – WayPilot
User acceptance for
haptic systems are
rather high – and the
tactile steering wheel
is the preferred
solution
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Conclusion II - WayPilot
Drivers find the lane support
systems useful and effective in
terms of improved driving
behaviour and traffic safety
Drivers with low risk willingness
have greater confidence in the
systems and are generally more
positive to the systems than
those with a high sensation
seeking tendency.
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Conclusion III - WayPilot
Willingness to pay for
lane support systems
are rather low
…but drivers are fairly
positive to mandatory
installation of LDW
systems in new cars
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Recommendations - WayPilot
For factory installed LDW systems:
Tactile steering wheel is recommended
For the aftermarket:
Tactile seat is recommended
The price of a full lane support system for the end user
should not exceed NOK 5.000
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Final remark
It ensures that products are designed
according to existing standards and
principals
It provides safe and efficient solutions
(and reveals unwanted side effects)
It provides solutions with high user
acceptance
Developers can save both time and
costs by using the methodology in an
early stage of the product development
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The WiseCar evaluation methodology is an important and
useful tool for developers of ICT applications for road
users.
WiseCar partners Q-Free ASA (private company and projects owner)
SINTEF (Research partner and project manager)
Norsk Navigasjon AS (private company)
Skandinavisk Teknologiutvikling AS (private company)
Triona AS (private company)
MapSolutions AS (private company)
P4 Radio Hele Norge ASA (nationwide, commercial radio channel)
Statens Vegvesen (Norwegian Public Roads Administration)
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