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© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 1
Grids, Clouds and Computation:Getting to Ground Truth under Mostly Cloudy Conditions
Presented by: Steven Armentrout, PhD President & CEO
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 2
History: Parabon Computation
Founded in 1999
Launched the first COTS grid platform –
Frontier®
Operate the only brokered computation service
Customers in the government, academic,
non-profit, and private sectors
Sponsor of Compute Against Cancer®
Privately-held small business based in Reston,
VA
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 3
Overview
Motivation and History
How Parabon does ―cloud‖
Applications
Considerations
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 4
Is Cloud Computing Different than Grid Computing?
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 5
Is Cloud Computing Different than Grid Computing?
No
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 6
Cloud Computing’s Pedigree
Distributed (4 - 11)
Utility (3 - 7)
Internet (3 - 8)
Peer-to-Peer (3 - 3) “P2P”
Cluster (2 - 7)
Grid (1 - 4)
Cloud (1 - 5)
Net (1 - 3)<- Prediction
(Syllables - Letters)
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 7
Is Cloud Computing Different than Grid Computing?
Distinguish Requirements and Implementation
Key User Requirement:
Resources delivered as on-demand utility
services Applications
Information
Computation
Implementation:
Driven by other requirements Security
Economics
Technical constraints
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 8
Computation as a Utility
“If computers of the kind I have
advocated become the computers of
the future, then computing may
someday be organized
as a public utility just as the telephone
system is a public utility... The computer
utility could become the basis of a new
and important industry.”
—John McCarthy, MIT Centennial in 1961
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 9
The Big Switch
Recall the world before the Internet
Imagine the world before electricity
―The Big Switch,‖ by Nicholas Carr (Jan 2008) draws strong parallels between the maturation of the electricity and computing industries
The implications for IT are profound
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 10
The Big Switch
IT is racing toward a new paradigm: Computing delivered as an on-demand service
The transformation is like that of the electric industry during the 20th century
It’s the biggest IT transformation sincethe introduction of the World Wide Web
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 11
Within the DoD, why now?
Consumer market successes Awareness
Unprecedented capability Potential
Technical advances Feasibility
Virtualization
Security
Economic pressures Necessity
Adoption by adversaries Competition
―Retirement of the Boomers‖ Openness to
change
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 19
1. Remote or Local
Security
Cost
Data
Considerations: Locality
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 20
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompres sed) decompres sor
are needed to see this p icture.
Only file headers need to be transmitted
so Locksmith is suitable for a public grid.
DNA Frontier
NIJNATIONAL
INSTITUTE
of JUSTICE
An online decryption service to serve law enforcement developed with AccessData®
Locksmith Decryption Service
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 21
Who are the end users?
Unix wizards
Support staff
Warfighter
Considerations: User Interface
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 24
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Watchman™
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 25
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Watchman™
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 26
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Watchman™
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 27
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Watchman™
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 28
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Watchman™
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 29
What are the computational demands
of the applications?
Web apps load = transactions / s
Grid apps load = calculations / s
Data apps load = throughput / s
Considerations: Types of Applications
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 30
Automated design of spacecraft antenna
NASA OriginThe Ultimate Source
from Which to Evolve TM
Non-branching:
ST5-4W-03
Branching:
ST5-3-10
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 31
NASA OriginThe Ultimate Source
from Which to Evolve TM
Automated design of spacecraft antenna
Evolved antenna flew
on three nanosats (20‖)
for ST5 mission
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 32
InSēquio™
Synthetic DNA can be used as a nanoscale
construction material and woven into designs
See CAD View of DNA
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 33
InSēquio™
Using its complementary binding properties, DNA can
be ―programmed‖ to self-assemble into target designs
9 strands9 strands9 strands9 DNA strands
1 DNA motif 4x4 grid 8x8 grid
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 34
100 nm
The limit of microtechnology:
1 micron box shown in blue
on a smooth muscle cell
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 35
100 nm
The limit of microtechnology:
1 micron box shown in blue
on a smooth muscle cell
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
��80 nm
Using the binding properties of DNA,
inSēquio enables molecules to be
engineered at the nanoscale.
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 36
InSēquio™
The resultant structures have the important property
of being uniquely addressable.
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 37
Applicable Domains for the D0D
Assembly planning
Biodefense
Bioinformatics
Biometrics (multi-modal)
Combinatorial opt.
Data mining
Decision support
Decryption
Drug discovery
Environmental modeling
Evolutionary computation
Financial forecasting
Genomic sequencing
Logistical planning
Machine learning
Modeling and
simulation
Molecular modeling
Monte Carlo simulations
Nanotechnology
Operations research
Optimization
Parameter studies
Photorealistic Rendering
Proteomics
Psychometric profiling
Robotic motion planning
Search
Statistical analysis
Steganography
Weather Prediction
Does your organization do any of the following?
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 38
Considerations: Feature Set
Business reporting capabilities
Ease of administration
Fault tolerance (―How many 9s?‖)
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 39
Considerations: Cost of Dedicated Hardware
100 node (200-400 core) cluster ~ $200,000 /
yr(includes cost of power, space, cooling, labor &
support)
Frontier Online
$0.10 - $0.30 / cap-hour (Ch)
100 C @ $0.15 / Ch for 10 hrs = $150
Frontier Enterprise
A 10 : 1 price-performance advantage
over comparably powered hardware
© 2008 Parabon Computation, Inc. All rights reserved. | 40
The DoD has ~5M desktops
At 20% utilization, rougly $10B of capacity
is wasted annually
At the same time, there are few examples
of high-value SOA mashups that demonstrate
the value of this latent capacity
This ―Mashup Gap‖ has resulted in
requirements
that may not live up to the demands of the
applications that will ultimately create the most
value for the DoD
Final Considerations
Recommended