Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Remote Sensing Applications

Brian HubertyFWS Remote Sensing Leadbrian_huberty@fws.gov

Great Lakes Restoration InitiativeRemote Sensing Approaches for

Ecosystem Assessment and Restoration

February 18, 2011WLIA Madison, WI

5. AGS Map Library

4. Discovery World

3. Harley-Davidson Motorcycles

TOP 5 REASONS TO ATTEND THE

2011 ASPRS MILWAUKEE CONFERENCE

http://www.asprs.org

2. << Lake Michigan

1. BEER!

•Resource Inventory Background

•1980-82 B.S. U of MN–Natural Resource Inv.•1982-84 MN DNR Forest Inventory

• Air Photo Interpretation/Forest Inventory•1984-86 USGS EROS

• Landsat, AVHRR, etc•1986-89 M.S. U of MN – Remote Sensing/GIS•1989-91 USFS Remote Sensing App. Center

• NASA ER-2 Flights•1991-1993 Aerial Image Technology

• Air Photo/Glasses•1993-2002 USDA NRCS

• GIS Madison, WI•2002-2010 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

• Remote Sensing Lead/Wetland Mapping

Great Lakes PREVENTION InitiativeRemote Sensing Approaches for Ecosystem MAPPING AND INVENTORY and Restoration

In the context of the landscape (PLANET EARTH), how can you manage or restore any feature

unless you know: Where Is It?

What Is There? How Much Is There?

Let’s Play

WHERE IS IT?

SeaWIFS April 24, 1999

Radarsat2 February 2009

The Mission of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service:working with others to conserve, protect and

enhance fish, wildlife, and plants and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the

American people.

Great Lakes Restoration Initiative20% of the World’s available freshwater!

Space and Time

PhysicalChemicalBiological

WEBSharedgeo

MTRIradar DU

GL NWIUMN

geospatial SMUWI NWI

Habitat

NGO, Local, Tribal, State, Federal, International

Datasets

REMOTE SENSING >>>

Update at 1:10,000 (1/2 acre MMU)

Photo Interpretation Process

Spring

Summer

Wisconsin Wetland InventoryDigital Conversion

Scanning

Orthorectification

Classification based on CASI Imagery and LiDAR data

Cormorant nesting areas are roughly delineated on photoA level slice of band 1 was performed to identify the cormorant spectral signatureThe cormorant spectral signature is then converted to polygons….And the polygons to points.

Bird Nesting Site Identification Integrates Spectral and Visual Analysis

04/10/2023The Stewardship Network webcast

24

Overview:

This technology can deliver 2" on ground pixel size resolutions and in color infrared.

Camera Collection SystemSpectra-View 12W-M

6’’ Resolution

2’’ Resolution

12’’ Resolution

Head to Head Comparison

04/10/2023The Stewardship Network webcastImage Resolution

SPOT 2010 Image Mosaic

Bathymetric LIDAR

SONAR Mapping _ National Park Service

Mapping Invasive Phragmites and Wetland Extent

in the Coastal Great Lakes

Laura L. Bourgeau-Chavez, Richard Powell,Liza Jenkins, Colin Brooks, Tyler Erickson

Michigan Technological UniversityMichigan Tech Research Institute (MTRI)

Ann Arbor, MIJanuary 19, 2010

Focus of Invasive Phragmites Mapping in the coastal Great Lakes

• 130,672 ha (322,891 acres) freshwater emergent wetlands

• within 10km coastline

• Coastal region emergent wetlands most vulnerable to Phragmites invasion• water level

changes• Typha-dominated• wet meadow

Lake Huron Mapping

•775 unique field site visits. • 459 validation, 316

training•Phragmites observed at 29% of sites. (228 of the 775).

• 14% Validation sites• 15% training sites

•Only NWI "Palustrine Emergent" polygons used to generate random points for validation sites of these, only 53% were documented as emergent in the field observations

Imag

e: M

TR

I

from radar …

… to Phragmites

NASDA 1992-4 N

Great Lakes Forested Wetland Inundation Mapping

Extent of Inundation

Multi-temporal JERS L-band Composite

NWI with SAR-derived Inundation Overlaid

CBP Coastal Ortho Imagery

Geospatial image streaming evaluation

• Evaluate for multiple features: ease of data integration, outputs formats, performance, ability to scale to multi-terabyte archives

• Publish document, assess technologies for meeting USFWS needs to share imagery

Examples of 2008 DHS Border Imagery

GLRI Research SummaryJoe Knight and team

J. Corcoran, L. Rampi, B. Tolcser, M. Voth

Remote Sensing and Geospatial Analysis Lab

LiDAR Topography

Radar: Processing

Freeman-Durden

Decision Trees, cont

Ground Radar Remote Sensing for Bird and Bad Tracking - Wind Power Impacts.

MERLIN's dual, wide-beam radar configuration provides the most complete & cost-effective surveillance

• Superior coverage to pencil beam & parabolic dish radars • The horizontal S-band provides bird detection even in weather

MERLIN Radar Coverage

Horizontal scanning radar provides bird detection out to 2-4 nm & up to 10,000

feet 360° around the windfarm siteVertical radar side view

Vertical radar end view

Vertical scanning radar provides bird detection out to 1-3 nm & up to 10,000

along wind turbine rows

3-6 nm diameter

2-3 nm 10,000 ft AGL

“Due, in part, to their limited capacity for adaptation, wetlands are considered to be among the ecosystems most vulnerable to

climate change.”Climate Change and Water

IPCC June 2008

So why is Radar so important?

• Daily coverage in 5 years regardless of clouds– We could map wetlands over all of North America

in a week!• Radar sees of water containing features

– Wetlands and vegetation structure• Map water elevation change in wetlands

Water Elevation Change

Via InSAR

Oil Spills

ENVISAT 5/2/2010

REAL-TIME ORTHO DELIVERY

Optical Multi-spectral Tunalble Imagery

2010 July 26 Michigan Oil SpillOne Million Gallons – 20,000 Barrels

51

U of M

Ducks Unlimited

Michigan Tech

US

FW

SEPA

St. Mary’s U

Unknown

S & L

SharedGeo

1. Visualization = Decision Support – timely for both local and national

2. Prioritization

3. Accountability

http://www.sharedgeo.org/

HABITAT ATLAS

CONCLUSION:One needs ASSESSMENT Before targeted restoration in order to

PREVENT future and more expensive restorations.

GOOGLE OMB Place-based

ACTION ITEM

Contact your local, state, tribal and federal government leaders to support and maintain geospatial assessment!

Why? To PREVENT or minimize cleanup (restoration) of larger future disasters

= lower taxes!

Questions?

Remote Sensing Technologies Overview

• Brian Huberty, FWS NWI Midwest Region– Brian_huberty@fws.gov (612) 713-5332

• Acknowledgements:– Brian Brisco, CCRS– Robb Macleod, DU GLARO– Laura Chavez, MTRI– Steve Apfelbaum, AES– Dave Fuhr, Airborne Data Systems– Megan Lang, USDA – Kurt Kowalski, USGS– Dr. William Welsch, EMU– Dr. Joe Knight, U of MN– Steve Kloiber, MN DNR– Mike Hoppus, MN DNR– Richard Powell, MTRI– Chet Wilberg, CAP– Jim Klassen, U of MN– Roger Gauthier, GLC– Dr. Marvin Bauer, U of MN– Dr. Chris Wright, SDSU