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Overview of the Generalised Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodology (GERAM) presented at the Enterprise Architecture Research Forum as a discussion topic about basic Enterprise Architecture concepts.
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• Joint venture with Phoenix Distribution
•Outsourced warehousing•Distribution to major retail
chains across South Africa
•New business unit started in 2009
• In-house appliance repairs
•Original business• Industrial strength blender
assembly line•Premium brand blender
assembly line planned
•Acquired by HWA in 2006• Toaster assembly line • “House brand”
manufacturer for clients
• Joint venture with Phoenix Distribution
•Outsourced warehousing•Distribution to major retail
chains across South Africa
•New business unit started in 2009
• In-house appliance repairs
•Original business• Industrial strength blender
assembly line•Premium brand blender
assembly line planned
•Acquired by HWA in 2006• Toaster assembly line • “House brand”
manufacturer for clients
Continues Improvement
Re-organisation
Greenfield installation
Supply chain
integration
Re-engineering
enterprise engineering and
enterprise integration
• Enterprise Architecture
– Enterprise Architecture is the continuous practice of describing the essential elements of a socio-technical organization, their relationships to each other and to the environment, in order to understand complexity and manage change.
• Enterprise Integration
– Enterprise Integration is about breaking down organisational barriers and improving interoperability to create synergy within the enterprise to operate more efficiently and adaptively.
• Enterprise Engineering
– Enterprise Engineering is the collection of those tools and methods which one can use to design and continually maintain an integrated state of the enterprise.
http://hufee.meraka.org.za/Hufeesite/collaborations/earf
GERAM V1.6.3, IFIP-IFAC Task Force, 1999
GERAM V1.6.3, IFIP-IFAC Task Force, 1999
GERAM is about those methods, models and tools which are needed to build and maintain the integrated enterprise, be it a part of an enterprise, a single enterprise or a network of enterprises
GERAEEMEMLs
EETsPEMs GEMCs
EMsEMOs
EOS
Used to implement
Used to build
Support
EmploysUtilise
Implemented in
Support
GERAM is about those methods, models and tools which are needed to build and maintain the integrated enterprise, be it a part of an enterprise, a single enterprise or a network of enterprises
GERAEEMEMLs
EETsPEMs GEMCs
EMsEMOs
EOS
Used to implement
Used to build
Support
EmploysUtilise
Implemented in
Support
Generic Enterprise Reference
ArchitectureEnterprise
Engineering Methodology
Enterprise ModellingLanguages
Generic Enterprise ModellingConcepts
Partial Enterprise
Models
Enterprise Engineering
Tools
(Particular) Enterprise
Models
Enterprise Modules
(Particular) Enterprise
Operational Systems
Change Process
Management Science
Industrial Engineering
Control Engineering
Information & Communication
Technology
GERAM is about those methods, models and tools which are needed to build and maintain the integrated enterprise, be it a part of an enterprise, a single enterprise or a network of enterprises
GERAEEMEMLs
EETsPEMs GEMCs
EMsEMOs
EOS
Enterprise
Engineering Tool
Used to implement
Used to build
Support
EmploysUtilise
Implemented in
Support
Human Concepts
Technology Concepts
Process Concepts
• Human oriented concepts
• Process oriented concepts
• Technology oriented concepts
• GERA Views
• Roles & Responsibilities
– Single person more than 1 role
– Responsibilities must be carried out concurrently and cohesively while
reporting to different people using non-aligned control procedures
• Need to capture constructs that promote the use of knowledge
(possessed by humans) in the form of reusable enterprise models
e.g.
– Roles of individuals and groups
– Organisational structures and constraints that are applied to co-ordinate
the roles defined including delegation,reporting procedures, etc.
– The capabilities and qualities of people
However sophisticated and integrated an enterprise can be, humans will always make the final decision.
• Describe the processes in the enterprise
– Functionality (what needs to be done)
– Behaviour (sequence in which things are actually done)
• The process-oriented concepts defined in GERA
– Enterprise entity life-cycle
– Life history
– Enterprise entity types
Identification
Concept
Requirements
Preliminary Design
Detailed Design
Implementation
Operation
Decommission
Life-cycle Phases
Time
Decommissioning Project
Continuous improvement Project
Enterprise EngineeringProject
Enterprise EngineeringProject
Continues Improvement
Greenfield installation
Re-engineering
Identification
Concept
Requirements
Preliminary Design
Detailed Design
Implementation
Operation
Decommission
Manufacturing Entity (Type 3)
Strategic Management Entity (Type 1)
Construction Entity (Type 2)
Engineering Entity (Type 2)Product: Enterprise Design
Product: Enterprise Installation
Product: Enterprise Concept
Enterprise Product (Type 4)
Manufacturing Entity (Type 3)
Identification
Concept
Requirements
Preliminary Design
Detailed Design
Implementation
Operation
Decommission
Silverton Assembly Plant
(Type 3)
HomeWareAppliaces(Type 1)
Project Smoothie (Type 2)
Group EA (Type 2)Product: Enterprise Design
Product: Enterprise Installation
Product: Enterprise Concept
Premium Brand Blender
(Type 4)
Silverton Assembly Plant (Type 3)
• Technology employed by
– Enterprise engineering process
– Operational environment
• Production oriented technology
– Involved in producing the enterprise products and customer services
• Management and control oriented technology
– Provide communication and information processing and information
sharing
Identification
Concept
Requirements
Preliminary Design
Detailed Design
Implementation
Operation
Decommission
Entity Life-cycle Phases
Function
Manifestation Views
Purpose Views
Implementation Views
Model Content Views
Information
Resource
Organisation
Customer Service &
Product
Management & Control
Hardware
SoftwareMission Support
Technology
Human Tasks
Management & Control Technology
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