Flood and Water Scarcity in Jakarta

Find The Root Problem of Water

(Flooding & Scarcity of Raw Water)

FATCHY.M – June 2013

Jl B mawar 39, Cipete Jak Sel

021-75900389 , fatchy@indosat.net.id

Fortuga ITB

JAKARTA PROFILE & FACTS JKT area = 661 Km2

JKT population ( 2012 ) = 10,1 million people

Rainfall = 2,300 mm/Year ( 2.3 M3/M2/Year )

Need water = 737.3 million M3 / Year

Dry season JKT shortage of water = 10 M3/sec

Amount of rainwater in JKT = 1.5 billion M3 / Year

JKT flooding if rainfall > 40 mm/ 2 hours

• “ Land use change without conservation “

• “ Flood solution always by horizontal drainage method“

• When C (Coef Run Off ) increase in size resulted Q ( Discharge ) it getting bigger after that will be enlarged A ( cross section area ).

The Root Problem of JAKARTA

Q = 0,278 C x i x A

Q : Discharge (m3/sec) C : Coefisien run off I : intensity rainfall (mm) A : catchment area ( km2 )

Q = V x A

Q : Discharge (m3/sec) V : Velocity (m/sec) A : cross section area ( m2 )

Ideal Cycle , The Time of Prabu Siliwangi : year 1.482 – 1.521

Forest

Delta Q <<

SEA LEVEL

Infiltration ( I ) = 73% ~95%

Surface Run Off ( SR ) = 5 % ~ 27%

Forest & Village

SR

1

1. Un Con 2. CLAY-1 3. Confined-1 4. CLAY-2 5. Confined-2

2

3

4

5

P = SR + I + ( T + E )

Ideal Cycle , The Time of Prabu Siliwangi : year 1.482 – 1.521

I

I

Change of Land use – 1 Tea Garden Puncak : Dutch Time, Year 1900

SEA LEVEL

Infiltration = 50% ~ 70%

Surface Run Off = 30% ~ 50%

Tea Garden

1

1. Un Con 2. CLAY-1 3. Confined-1 4. CLAY-2 5. Confined-2

2

3

4

5

Change of Land use – 1 Flood Canal by Prof H van Breen th 1920

Q = 0,278 C I A Q = V x A

I

I

SR

Q

P

Change of Land use - 2 Mampang river : mirror of Jakarta (100 % Catchment Area 31 Km2 at JKT)

July 2006

Feb 2007

SEA LEVEL RISE

• Infiltration = 5% ~ 27%

• Surface Run Off = 73% ~ 95%

Big City

1

1. Un Con 2. CLAY-1 3. Confined-1 4. CLAY-2 5. Confined-2

2

3

4

5

West Canal “OVERLOAD”

East Canal ?

Reduce Ground Water

Flooding

Change of Land use - 2 JKT 2013 flooding if rainfall > 40 mm/2 hours

I

SR

SEA LEVEL

• Infiltration = 73% ~ 95%

•Surface Run Off = 5% ~ 27%

Big City + Conservation

1

1. Un Con 2. CLAY-1 3. Confiined-1 4. CLAY-2 5. Confined-2

2

3

4

5

West & East CANAL “Light Load”

Ground Water Abundant

Free Flooding

People easy To get

Ground Water

SOLUTION for JAKARTA “ Total Conservation “ Change the Paradigm : horizontal drainage vertical drainage

P

I. Flood solutions ( North Jakarta )

1. Muara Baru Dam

2. Pond ( polder system )

3. Rain Harvesting

II. Flood solutions ( South JKT ) :

Change the Paradigm : horizontal drainage to vertical drainage

1. Development of Green space (RTH ) to 30 %

2. Development of Blue space ( RTB ) to 12 %. (Waduk/ Danau/ Embung Resapan )

3. Artificial Recharge ( 3.7 million Sumur Resapan ) by Pemda DKI 60 % and by middle – upper class society 40 %

4. Lower class society ( biopori )

III.Parcel Flood Solutions : from Depok, Bogor & Puncak

1. Waduk resapan at “ Old River “

• Location : Angke river, Pesanggrahan river, Grogol river , Krukut river , Ciliwung river , Cipinang river and Sunter river.

• Raw water from Waduk Resapan for PDAM Jakarta

2. Vertical deep tunnel > 300 m until Bojongmanik /Klapanunggal formation( Limestone ) , water loss formation.

Potential catchment areas Jakarta

SAMPLE of SUMUR RESAPAN - PEMDA

Vertical Drainage

CONTROL BOXES

SUMUR RESAPAN

ROAD SURFACE

Cross section ( Bogor –Jakarta )

Engineering Geologic Map of Jakarta Bogor Area

Potential sites of

“waduk resapan”

Raw water from Waduk Resapan for PDAM Jakarta

Zero Run Off

Sumur resapan

Zero Run Off Program Vertical drainage ( Sumur Resapan )

Sumur resapan

Sumur resapan

Kantong Air

Kantong Air

Sample of Horizontal Drainage

Thank you,

arigato gozaimasu,

terima kasih.