Evolution Of Telecommunication

Evolution of Telecommunication

Rohan Sripad

Prasanna Raghavan P

0G1G technologies2G technologiesCircuit and Packet Switching.3GPP & 3GPP2

Services offered by 3GDeployment Problems3G in India & its delay4G

Transition

2.5G technologies

2.75G technologies

3G technologies

An interim 3.5G

0G

1G technologies

2G technologies

Circuit and Packet Switching.

3GPP & 3GPP2

Services offered by 3G

Deployment Problems

3G in India & its delay

4G

Transition

2.5G technologies

2.75G technologies

3G technologies

An interim 3.5G

0G1G technologies2G technologiesCircuit and Packet Switching.3GPP & 3GPP2

Services offered by 3GDeployment Problems3G in India & its delay4G

Transition

2.5G technologies

2.75G technologies

3G technologies

An interim 3.5G

ORIGIN of Wireless Communication

1895-1901

Guglielmo MarconiDemonstrates wireless communications over increasing distances

1864

James MaxwellPredicts existence of radio

waves.

1886

Rudolph HertzDemonstrates radio waves.

0G

1924

1GAMPS TACS

NMT

1980s Analog Voice

Typical 2.4 Kbps

1G• Advanced Mobile Phone Services (AMPS)

– Deployed in US , Japan : 1983

• Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT)– Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland : 1981

• Total Access Communication System (TACS)– British System, similar to AMPS : 1985

2GGSM CDMA

TDMA

1990s Digital Voice

9.6 - 14.4 Kbps (circuit data)

2G – GSM• Global system for Mobile

– Based on TDMA ; Europe

– 900 Mhz, 1800 Mhz.

– Later 850 Mhz and 1900 Mhz in Americas

– Quad Band ; World Phones

2G - CDMA• Code Division Multiple Access

– cdmaOne or IS-95

– All users use same freq band ; 800 Mhz

– Major success in Korea, Used by Verizon and Sprint

– Easy Migration to 3G

Circuit Switching

A private road all for yourself

Dedicated end to end connection

Packet Switching

Divided packets can take different paths and times

A shared highway

3GPP

GPRS

EDGE LTE

WCDMA HSPA1.92 Mbps

14 Mbps

384 Kbps

114 Kbps

100 Mbps

3GPP2

1xRTT

EV-DO UMB(abandoned 2008 Nov & favoring LTE)

114 Kbps

2.4 Mbps 288 Mbps

0G

1G technologies

2G technologies

Circuit and Packet Switching.

3GPP & 3GPP2

Services offered by 3G

Deployment Problems

3G in India & its delay

4G

Transition

2.5G technologies

2.75G technologies

3G technologies

An interim 3.5G

2.5GGPRS

2001

Packet Data

2.5G - GPRS• General Packet Radio Service - An Overlay

technology on top of the existing GSM systems.

• Data rate = 56 – 114Kbps.

• 4 MCS (Modulation and coding schemes) used.

• Factors affecting downlink/uplink speed:– TDMA slots– Multi-slot class– Channel Encoding used.

HSCSD• High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data.

• An enhancement to CSD – Multiple timeslots used.

• Data rates up to 38.4 Kbps (4 times CSD).– In reality supports 14.4Kbps.

• Expensive than CSD.

• Latency less that GPRS.

2.75GEDGE

2003 Packet Data

CDMA 1xRTT

EDGE

• EDGE (Enhanced Data rate for GSM)

• Superset of GPRS.

• Data rate = 4 times GPRS.

• 9 MCS (Modulation and coding schemes) used – Gaussian min shift keying and 8PSK.

Evolved EDGE

• Data rate = 1Mbps

• Encoding technique – 32QAM and 16QAM.

• Requires simple network enhancements with software update.

CDMA 1xRTT• 1x is an abbreviation of 1xRTT (1x Radio Transmission

Technology).1x refers to the no. of duplex radio channels.

• Supports 33-35 simultaneous voice calls per 1.25MHz.(cdmaOne = 20 voice calls)

• Encoding technique:– BPSK for forward and reverse link.

• Data Rate = 153 Kbps/153 Kbps.

• Software and minimum hardware update.

3GIMT2000

W-CDMA (UMTS)

CDMA2000

UMTS• UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunications

System. Also known as W-CDMA.

• W-CDMA uses the DS-CDMA and TDD channel access method with a pair of 5 MHz channels.

• Requires new cell towers & frequency allocations.

• Data rate = 1Mbps(theoritical)

• Frequency bands:– Uplink 1885-2025 MHz (mobile-to-base )– Downlink 2110-2200 MHz (base-to-mobile).

CDMA2000• EVDO Rel 0 (Evolution-Data Optimized or

Evolution-Data only Release 0)

• Data rates:– Forward link - 2.4Mbps.– Reverse link - 153kbps.

• Encoding technique:– Forward link – 16QAM.– Reverse link - BPSK.

3.5GEVDO-Rev A

HSDPA HSUPA

EVDO-Rev B

HSPA• High Speed Packet Access is a collection of two

mobile telephony protocols HSDPA and HSUPA.

• High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) – Data rates for Forward link - 14.4Mbps.– Encoding technique – QPSK and 16QAM

• High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) or EUL(Enhanced Uplink)– Data rates for Reverse link - 5.76Mbps.

• Just a software update for most WCDMA networks.

HSPA+• Evolved High Speed Packet Access (HSPA+)

• Data rates:– Forward link - 42Mbps.– Reverse link - 22Mbps.

• Encoding technique 64QAM.

EVDO Rev A• EVDO Rev A (Revision A)

• Also called as EV-DV (Evolution Data/Voice)

• Data rates:– Forward link - 3.1Mbps.– Reverse link - 1.8Mbps.

• Encoding technique:– Forward link – 16QAM.– Reverse link - QPSK and 8PSK.

EVDO Rev B• Combine up to fifteen 1.25MHz carriers (20MHz) in

forward and/or reverse link. Carriers not physically combined and not adjacent to each other.

• Data rate:– Forward link = 3.1Mbps*15channels = 47Mbps.– Reverse link = 1.8Mbps*15channels = 27Mbps.

• Encoding technique 64QAM. Uplink data rate increases from 3.1Mbps to 4.9Mbps per channel. Thus, Data rate:– Forward link = 4.9Mbps*15channels = 74Mbps.

• Only software updation required.

0G1G technologies2G technologiesCircuit and Packet Switching.3GPP & 3GPP2

Services offered by 3GDeployment Problems3G in India & its delay4G

Transition

2.5G technologies

2.75G technologies

3G technologies

An interim 3.5G of 4G

Multi Player Gaming

Location Based Services

Video Services

Instant Messaging

PROBLEMSDEPLOYMENT

Argentina Estonia Kyrgyzstan Slovenia

Australia Finland Malaysia South Korea

Austria France Mauritius South Africa

Azerbaijan Georgia Mexico Spain

Bahrain Germany Moldova Sri Lanka

Belarus Greece Netherlands Sweden

Belgium Guatemala New Zealand Taiwan

Bermuda Hong Kong Nicaragua Tajikistan

Brazil Hungary Nigeria Thailand

Canada Iceland Norway Ukraine

Chile India Pakistan U A E

China Indonesia Panama United Kingdom

Colombia Ireland Peru United States

Cyprus Israel Poland Uzbekistan

Czech Republic Italy Portugal Venezuela

Denmark Jamaica Romania Vietnam

Dominican Japan Russia Venezuela

Ecuador Kazakhstan Singapore Vietnam

3G INDIAin

Where are we ?

Out in Market…

4G

Summary

G Technology Data Rates

1 Analog Typical 2.4 Kbps; max 22 Kbps

2 Digital – TDMA, CDMA 9.6 - 14.4 Kbps (circuit data)

2.5 GPRS – mux packets in voice timeslots

15 - 40 Kbps

3 Improved modulation, using CDMA variants

50 – 144 Kbps (1xRTT); 200 – 384 Kbps (UMTS); 500 Kbps – 2.4 Mbps (EVDO)

3.5 More modulation tweaks 2–14 Mbps (HSPA)

4 New modulation (OFDMA); Multi-path (MIMO); All IP

LTE: >10 Mbps; eventual potential >100 Mbps