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What is the purpose of BDD and how it fits into the Agile development? If you ever wondered what are the benefits of BDD or why should you care about tools like Behat or PhpSpec, this talk will try to guide you through the reasoning and goals of modern Agile practices and tools in PHP.
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Enabling AgileThrough enabling BDD in PHP projects
Who?BDD Evangelist
!Creator of Behat, Mink, PhpSpec2,
Prophecy !
Contributor to Symfony2, Composer !
Host of the “Elephant in the Room” podcast
BDD
– me, this month
BDD is a tool to bring structure into the agile processes
Agile processOut-of-the box
Agile processOut-of-the box
BDDIn the Agile process
BDD is the agile enabler
How does it enable Agile?
Requirements
Analysis
Design
Development
Testing
9 months 3 m 2 m 12 m ...
[Royce 1970]
Most of the cost in software development is
in the feedback delay
Lets reduce feedback delay
Requirements
Acceptance
Testing
Coding
Refactoring
Weeks Minutes
[Beck & Cunningham 1996-99]
Requirements
Acceptance
Testing?
Coding
Refactoring
[North 2003]
Weeks Minutes
Lets clarify design intentions
Requirements
Acceptance
Specification
Implementation
Refactoring
[North 2003]
Weeks Minutes
Lets clarify planning intentions
Adding value
What do you mean?
Specification
Implementation
Refactoring
[North 2003]
Weeks Minutes
Adding value
What do you mean?
Specification
Implementation
Refactoring
[North 2003]
Adding value
What do you mean?
Specification
Implementation
Refactoring
[North 2003]
StoryBDD
SpecBDD
[North 2003]
Adding value
What do you mean?
Specification
Implementation
Refactoring
Behat
PhpSpec
[North 2003]
Adding value
What do you mean?
Specification
Implementation
Refactoring
StoryBDD
StoryBDD looks like a functional TDD to the people from the outside
of the BDD community, but it’s a simple confusion.
We are not testing that application functions as we (developers) expect it to, but instead we’re testing that it fulfils our client business needs.
Some applications could easily fulfil developers expectations and still not being
able to cover business needs.
You might think about StoryBDD as a technique to teach your clients about testing. In reality it's a tool to teach
you about your client business.
User-story• Narrative
• Business rules
• Communication
• Acceptance criteria
User-story• Narrative
• Business rules == AC
• Communication
User-story• Narrative
• Business rules == AC
• Comm == Examples
User-story• Narrative
• Business rules
• Comm == Examples == AC
StoryBDD splits every feature in your project
into the 3 separate layers.
Each new layer adds more information to the
table.
12
3
narrativepossible scenarios
scenario details
12
3
possible scenarios
scenario details
Feature: Authorisation
In order to get access to the shopping history As a frequent buyer I need to be able to authenticate
Feature: Authorisation
In order to get access to the shopping history As a frequent buyer I need to be able to authenticate
12
3scenario details
Scenario: Successfully authenticating with correct credentials
Feature: Authorisation
In order to get access to the shopping history As a frequent buyer I need to be able to authenticate
12
3
Scenario: Successfully authenticating with correct credentials
Given there is a user “everzet” with password “123” And I am on the login page When I fill in “username” with “everzet” And I fill in “password” with “123” And I press “login” Then I should see “Hello, everzet” !
Feature: Authorisation
In order to get access to the shopping history As a frequent buyer I need to be able to authenticate
12
3
Example: Successfully authenticating with correct credentials
Given there is a user “everzet” with password “123” And I am on the login page When I fill in “username” with “everzet” And I fill in “password” with “123” And I press “login” Then I should see “Hello, everzet” !
StructureIn the Agile process
StoryBDD forces you to answer questions you did
not know you need to ask.
1. Why?aka: how to prioritise
my backlog
Feature: Authorisation
Why might your users want this feature?
Feature: Authorisation
In order to get access to the shopping history
Feature: Authorisation
In order to get access to the shopping history
Who is mostly interested in this
feature?
Feature: Authorisation
In order to get access to the shopping history As a frequent buyer
Feature: Authorisation
In order to get access to the shopping history As a frequent buyer
How can you help him get this value?
Feature: Authorisation
In order to get access to the shopping history As a frequent buyer I need to be able to authenticate
Feature: Authorisation
In order to get access to the shopping history As a frequent buyer I need to be able to authenticate
benefit beneficiar
Feature: Authorisation
In order to get access to the shopping history As a frequent buyer I need to be able to authenticate
Feature: …
In order to … As a … I need to …
Feature: …
In order to … As a … I need to …
Feature: …
In order to … As a … I need to …
benefit beneficiar
SELECT f.* as sprint FROM ‘/features’ as f ORDER BY f.role, f.benefit LIMIT 10P
SEU
DO
Agi
leQ
L
2. What do you mean?
aka: defining done through examples
How much “done” is “done”?
How much of the feature should be
delivered?
Scenario: Successfully authenticating with correct credentials
Given there is a user “everzet” with password “123” And I am on the login page When I fill in “username” with “everzet” And I fill in “password” with “123” And I press “login” Then I should see “Hello, everzet” !
Scenario: Successfully authenticating with correct credentials
Given there is a user “everzet” with password “123” And I am on the login page When I fill in “username” with “everzet” And I fill in “password” with “123” And I press “login” Then I should see “Hello, everzet” !
Given defines initial context
Scenario: Successfully authenticating with correct credentials
Given there is a user “everzet” with password “123” And I am on the login page When I fill in “username” with “everzet” And I fill in “password” with “123” And I press “login” Then I should see “Hello, everzet” !
When defines a user action (or state transition)
Scenario: Successfully authenticating with correct credentials
Given there is a user “everzet” with password “123” And I am on the login page When I fill in “username” with “everzet” And I fill in “password” with “123” And I press “login” Then I should see “Hello, everzet” !
Then defines an expected outcome
Scenario: Successfully authenticating with correct credentials
Given there is a user “everzet” with password “123” And I am on the login page When I fill in “username” with “everzet” And I fill in “password” with “123” And I press “login” Then I should see “Hello, everzet” !
And, But add more context, actions or outcomes
Scenario: Successfully authenticating with correct credentials
Given there is a user “everzet” with password “123” And I am on the login page When I fill in “username” with “everzet” And I fill in “password” with “123” And I press “login” Then I should see “Hello, everzet” !
3. When are we done?
aka: closing feedback loop
assertEquals(Your Feature, Your App)
Setup• Dump your sprint features into text files
• Put those text files into the `features/` folder inside project
• Install behat (via composer or behat.phar)
• Initialize behat test suite by running `bin/behat —init`
Context<?php !use Behat\Behat\Context\ClosuredContextInterface, Behat\Behat\Context\TranslatedContextInterface, Behat\Behat\Context\BehatContext, Behat\Behat\Exception\PendingException; use Behat\Gherkin\Node\PyStringNode, Behat\Gherkin\Node\TableNode; !class FeatureContext extends BehatContext { }
First run$> bin/behat ... You can implement step definitions for undefined steps with these snippets: ! /** * @Then I should see :arg1 */ public function iShouldSee($arg1) { throw new PendingException(); }
...
Append snippets$> bin/behat --append-snippets
Feedback loop$> bin/behat !Feature: registration in order to maintain my shopping history as a site visitor i need to be able to register on this site ! Scenario: Successful registration when visitor provides all the required info Given I am on the homepage TODO: write pending definition When I follow “sign up” And I fill in registration form And I submit it Then I should be successfully registered And I should be on the homepage again
Stories
Examples
Describe
ImplementDesign
Stories
Examples
Describe
ImplementDesign
Colour it red.
Making it fail /** * @Given /^I am on the homepage$/ */ public function iAmOnTheHomepage() { $crawler = new \Some\Crawler\Lib\Crawler(); $crawler->goto(“http://localhost:8080/”); if (200 !== $crawler->getCurrentStatusCode()) { throw new RuntimeException(‘Can not open homepage’); } }
Making it fail$> bin/behat !Feature: registration in order to maintain my shopping history as a site visitor i need to be able to register on this site ! Scenario: Successful registration when visitor provides all the required info Given I am on the homepage Can not open homepage (RuntimeException) When I follow “sign up” And I fill in registration form And I submit it Then I should be successfully registered And I should be on the homepage again
Stories
Examples
Describe
ImplementDesign
Change the messageAs quickly as you can
Change the message$> bin/behat !Feature: registration in order to maintain my shopping history as a site visitor i need to be able to register on this site ! Scenario: Successful registration when visitor provides all the required info Given I am on the homepage Can not open homepage (RuntimeException) When I follow “sign up” And I fill in registration form And I submit it Then I should be successfully registered And I should be on the homepage again
Change the message$> bin/behat !Feature: registration in order to maintain my shopping history as a site visitor i need to be able to register on this site ! Scenario: Successful registration when visitor provides all the required info Given I am on the homepage Route … not found (FrameworkException) When I follow “sign up” And I fill in registration form And I submit it Then I should be successfully registered And I should be on the homepage again
Change the message$> bin/behat !Feature: registration in order to maintain my shopping history as a site visitor i need to be able to register on this site ! Scenario: Successful registration when visitor provides all the required info Given I am on the homepage Template … not found (FrameworkException) When I follow “sign up” And I fill in registration form And I submit it Then I should be successfully registered And I should be on the homepage again
Change the message$> bin/behat !Feature: registration in order to maintain my shopping history as a site visitor i need to be able to register on this site ! Scenario: Successful registration when visitor provides all the required info Given I am on the homepage When I follow “sign up” TODO: write pending definition And I fill in registration form And I submit it Then I should be successfully registered And I should be on the homepage again
Stories
Examples
Describe
ImplementDesign
Spec-BDD
Stories
Examples
Describe
ImplementDesign
Spec-BDD
Stories
Examples
Describe
ImplementDesign
Spec-BDD
Stories
Examples
Describe
ImplementDesign
That’s all nice theoretical stuff
http://inviqa.com/careers
Thank you!
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