Education

Total Quality Management

Presented To

COMASTS Institute of Information Technology

Outline• Introduction

• Definition of Literacy & Education

• Attributes of a Quality Education

• Problem Statement

• Research Design

• Comparison of Education Statistics of Pakistan With other Countries

• Theoretical Framework

• Questionnaire, Findings

• TQM Philosophy

• Concept of Customer & Product in Educational institutes

• Developed Education Process with reference to TQM concepts

• Quality Management System QMS

• Seven Element Model for Quality Adopted

• Quality Management Principles

• Interpretation of ISO 9001:2000 For Educational Institutes.

• Quality Principles for Rethinking Rules

• Quality Principles for Rethinking Roles

• Quality Principles for Rethinking Responsibilities

• Recommendation & Conclusions

Problem Statement

“Poor Quality of Higher education in Pakistan”

and

“Total Quality Management (TQM) as a tool to enhance the Quality of Higher education at

educational institutes in Pakistan”

Objective of project• To find out the Method and techniques used in different

educational institutes

• Find out the key reasons why educational institutes are delivering poor quality of education.

• To design a Quality Management System (QMS) quality management system that will improve the quality of education delivered in educational institutes

• The contribution to the organization.

• To make a comparison of literacy rates and other findings regarding education with other countries.

• To evaluate the performance of Education System of Pakistan.

• To evaluate the Quality of Higher Education in Pakistan.

• To find out the attitude of students parents and institutes towards quality of education

Scope of Research

Our focus of research is all the universities of which has been working in pakistan. We have tried to collect the data of all the universities of .

There is ninety eight 98 universities and institutes in both private and public sector presently working in Pakistan, they have further gives affiliation to other parties and opened their own campuses in deferent locations of Pakistan. By implementing the recommendations given at the end of the research and by using the TQM tools in educational institutes the institutes can improve their quality and helps the government and nation to achieve their objectives and goals.

Introduction

Literacy

Literacy is more than reading and writing - it is about how we communicate in society. It is about social practices and

relationships, about knowledge, language and culture.

Education

“The process of training and developing the knowledge, skill, mind, character, etc.,

especially by formal schooling”

Quality Education

Characteristics• Knowledge • Comprenhension • Thoughts Expansion• Character

Key issues in Education Sector

• Problems Related to aims and Objectives

• Problems Related to Policy Matters

• Problems Related to Education System

• Problems Related to Facilities

• Main Findings from educationists

Higher Education History in PakistanGrowth of Public Universities in Pakistan

YearNo. of Universities

1947 2

1957 4

1968 7

1978 15

1990 20

2000 30

18-11-2003 54

University Grants Commission (UGC)

Private sector Universities

Higher Education Commission Pakistan

Total Up to 1995 = 10Now in 2003 = 44Growth Rate = 340%

Growth of Private & Public recognized Universities

Numbe of Recognizd Universities

4 715 22

56

98

0

20

4060

80

100

120

1947-57

1957-68

1968-78

1978-88

1988-99

1999-03

Total

Universities Guide Book 2002 HEC

World Illiteracy Rates by 2001

Education Share in National Budget

2.7Pakistan8.

40.0Iran7.

18.44Turkey6.

13.0Britain3.

Federal Share; 6.7State Share : 48

U.S.A1.

%Share in National BudgetCountryS.No

Comparison of TS Ratio

British Universities 1:14

Australian Universities 1:15

Pakistani Universities 1:23

Variables and Theoretical framework

Variables

Dependent variable “Quality of Higher Education”

Independent Variables: Roles Rules Responsibilities

Moderating Variable: “System”

Roles•Role of Student

•Role of Parents

•Role of Regulatory Bodies

•Role of Society

•Role of Government

Rules

•Students commitment to follow the rules

•Parents commitment to follow rules

•Regulatory Bodies Commitment to follow rules

•Society Commitment to follow rules

•Government Commitment to follow rules

Responsibilities

Student Responsibilities

Parents Responsibilities

Regulatory Bodies Responsibilities

Society’s Responsibilities

Government’s Responsibilities

Theoretical Framework

Roles

Rules

Responsibilities

Quality of Higher Education

System

Moderating Variable

IndependentVariables

Dependent Variable

Data

Data characteristics

• Primary DataThe primary data has been collected through questionnaires, interviews and personal observations from the student, common peoples, management of universities, and officials of UGC, HEC, PNAC and employer etc.

• Secondary DataSecondary data has been collected from government publications, literature available at the library of UGC, National Library and others also from internet.

Data collection Methods

• Primary Data– Observation

– Interviews

– Questionnaires

• Secondary Data University Grants Commission UGC Higher Education Commission HEC Pakistan Association Of Pakistan PAP Federal Bureau of Pakistan FBP Census A hand book of Universities Internet.

Findings and

Data Analysis

100.0100Total

5.05others

31.031Role of Regulatory Body (U.G.C/ P.E.C etc.)

11.011Inequality in standards of Private & Public Universities

27.027Examination System

7.07Inequality in courses of different schools/universities

19.019

PercentFrequency

1.Which one do you think is the more critical problem of Poor Education

7%

27%

11%

31%

5% Inequality of courses

Examination system

standards

role of bodies

other

2. Are you satisfied with the Role of Regulatory body for education system

100.0100Total

21.021strongly not satisfied

22.022not satisfied

41.041neutral

14.014satisfied

2.02strongly satisfied

PercentFrequency

2% 14%

41%22%

21% strongly Satisfied

Satisfied

Neurtral

Not satisfied

strongly dissatisfied

3.To what extent the management of institute or university fulfill their Responsibilities

100.0100Total

12.012highly irresponsible

20.020not responsible

28.028neutral

26.026responsible

14.014highly responsible

PercentFrequency

4%

26%

28%

20%

12% highly responsible

responsible

Neurtral

not Responsible

highly notresponsible

4. Does the Management follow the Rules made by regulatory body

100.0100Total

4.04not at all

24.024don’t care

27.027neutral

31.031some time

14.014every time

PercentFrequency

14%

31%

27%

24%

4%every time

sometime

Neurtral

don’t care

not at all

5. Are you satisfy with the quality of Higher education delivered by Pakistani institutes

77.077no

23.023yes

PercentFrequency

23%

77%

Yes

No

7. Are you agree with the statement "by getting ISO certification the quality improves

100.0100Total

9.09disagree

30.030neutral

44.044agree

17.017strongly agree

PercentFrequency

17%

44%

30%

0% 9%strongly Agree

agree

Neurtral

disagree

strongly disagree

Questionnaire, Findings8. What you think that by getting ISO certification the institutes and universities can improve their education quality

100.0100Total

5.05Strongly disagree

9.09disagree

10.010neutral

50.050agree

26.026strongly agree

PercentFrequency

26%

50%

10%

9% 5%strongly Agree

agree

Neurtral

disagree

strongly disagree

9. If you are student and planning to get admission for higher education.Will you prefer an ISO certified University?

100.0100Total

2.02not at all

11.011no

15.015neutral

30.030not too much

42.042strongly

PercentFrequency

42%

30%

15%

11% 2%strongly Agree

agree

Neurtral

disagree

strongly disagree

Implementation of TQM

TQM Philosophy

• What is Quality

“The totality of features and characteristics that satisfy needs”

Organizations, Customer and product

Student = Customer.

Education = Product

Institutes = Organization

*

Confidence

Computer literacy

General Knowledge

Languages

Latest Knowledge

Character

Wisdom

Basic know-How

Presentation skills

Appearance

organizational

Process

Environment

Technologies

Furniture

Building

Computers

Libraries

Books

Student

IN PUTSOUT PUTS

Faculty

EDUCATION PROCESS

Data & Statistics

Student Survey

Graduating Student Survey

Alumni Survey

Employer Survey

Faculty Survey

Academic unit data & Statistics

Library user survey

IT User Survey

New student Survey

Parent Surveys

International student Survey

Donors Surveys

University Employee Surveys

HIGHER EDUCATION QMS

University Reports & BenchmarksAcademic Unit Reports & BenchmarksDepartment Reports & Benchmarks

Integrated Reports

Academic Domain Campus Domain

RESULTS

Quality Management System For Universities

Quality Management systemBenefits

• To find out and understand the expectations of students, parents and donors

• Discover the satisfaction motives of student.• To find employer’s satisfaction with employees.• Understand how to improve educational outcomes.• Establish a complaint resolution tracking mechanism.

Adopted Seven Element Model for Quality Improvement

Adopted from Ersoz, Clara Jean, M.D

Philosophy + vision + strategy+Ability+ Resources + Motivation + coordination = Accomplishment

No philosophy = No followerNo Vision =Confusion No strategy = False starsNo Ability = NervousnessNo resources = Frustration No motivation = Anger No Coordination = No synchronization

ISO 9001:2000 Clauses & Interpretation for Educational

Institutes

• General

• Systemic Requirements • Support quality (Management Responsibilities)

• Resource Requirements

• Realization Requirements

• Remedial Requirements

Quality Management Principles

• Customer Focus• Leadership• Involvement of people• Process approach• System approach to management• Continual improvement• Factual approach to decision making• Mutually beneficial supplier relationships

Conclusions

• Higher education in Pakistan is in urgent need of reform. At present it is not contributing effectively to economic growth of the country. The universities are neither geared to create new knowledge nor do their graduates study programmer which measure up to international standards.

• The supply of funds to the universities is limited and there is a great potential in the universities for generating funds but real efforts are not being made to explore the possibilities for resource developments.

• In addition there is improper utilization of funds available to the universities. Inadequately equipped libraries and laboratories and a shortage of qualified teachers continue to hinder the progress of higher education towards excellence.

Conclusions

• I would like to recommend that the universities should get ISO registration on the bases of questionnaire results it is quit clear that the customer demand is ISO certified Universities, they will prefer certified Universities and the believe that by getting ISO certification the quality of education will improve

• Merit should be the only consideration for entry to higher education. Access to higher education, should :be based on entrance tests.

• For carrying these tests a National Testing Service should be established.

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