Eco-efficiency & Abiotic Stress

Tolerance to Abiotic Stress

Eco-efficiency & Abiotic StressGlobal

food demand

Global population

Crop

Historical Warnings of Future Food Insecurity with Unprecedented Seasonal HeatDavid. S. Battisti, et al. Science 323, 240 (2009)

The goal Agronomically superior

genotypes with a stack of

Desirable genes associated with adaptive traits

Adaptive traits associated with abiotic stress tolerance

Challenges aheadCarrying forward the genome science-progress to that at

the whole plant and crop levels in the field.

• So far: Limited progress– Complexities in stress-tolerance

• Molecular , Cell , Whole plant level• G X E

Gene –Trait association?

1000 to 50000 plants to be genotyped and phenotyped under a particular stress environment

At present: More hopes to solve complexities

• Recent advances in molecular biology• Robust techniques and tools • Crop genomes- sequencing at its peak

Genomics

GenotypingRIL, NIL, CSSL

MutantsTransgenic

Conventional Breeding

Base material

& Product

Mapping population

Gene/Molecular Markers for MAS

Year 2000 Sanger capillary- based high quality reference:

AGI = 500 people-7 years @ $70,000,000. per genome

•Perlegen tiling array based: yr. 200650 people- 1 year @ $70,000 per genome

•Illumina-based: yr 20082 postdocs - 7 days @ $7,000 per

genome @ 50 x coverage

The future- yr 2014?•Single molecule-based (e.g. Pacific

Bioscience) 2-3 min @ $70 per genome

Evolution of Gene Sequencing Technology

Can Phenotyping keep pace with

genotyping ?

Initiatives at CIATneeds to be scaled up

Boom system for precise irrigation &

Network of probes for soil moisture profile

Simulation of natural upland rice environment

& rainout shelter

Infrared thermography for remote sensing of stress tolerance

Why a phenotyping platform?To facilitate high

throughput phenotyping under field and controlled environment

Automatic, precise, efficient management of stress

Precisely characterizing plant responses and growth environment

With noninvasive tools and methods

Visualized Phenomics at CIAT

PDA with barcode reader +User friendly data acquisition

Controlled environment and automated phenotyping

(http://www.lemnatec.com/)