Database Consolidation using Oracle Multitenant

Session ID:

Prepared by:

Database Consolidation using

Oracle 12c Multitenant Architecture

1116

@pini_dibask

Pini Dibask,Oracle Domain Expert, Dell Software Group, R&D

2

Pini Dibask, Oracle Domain Expert, Dell Software R&D

Senior Oracle DBA with 10 years of experience

Oracle Certified Professional DBA (OCP)

Blogger: OracleDBPro.BlogSpot.com

Email: Pini.Dibask@Software.Dell.com

LinkedIn: http://Linkedin.com/in/pinidibask

Google+: https://Plus.Google.com/+PiniDibask87

Twitter: @pini_dibask

About Me …

Agenda

Agenda

Introduction to Database Consolidation

Oracle Multitenant Architecture

Ensuring QoS in Multitenant environment

RAC and Multitenant

Performance Monitoring for Multitenant environments

Introduction to Database Consolidation

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Database Consolidation - Prior to Oracle 12c

Server Consolidation

Multiple databases reside on a single server

ERPMemory

BackgroundProcesses

DatabaseFiles

CRMMemory

BackgroundProcesses

DatabaseFiles

DWMemory

BackgroundProcesses

DatabaseFiles

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Database Consolidation - Prior to Oracle 12c

Database Consolidation

Single database with multiple schemas

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Database Consolidation - Challenges

Name Collisions

Same schema name or same public synonym name

Security

DBA can access data of both applications

Upgrades

You cannot patch/upgrade only one schema

Point-In-Time Recovery

Impossible to perform schema level point-in-time recovery

Multitenant Architecture

10

Database to Instance Relationship

Version < 12c

1:1 - One Database:One Instance

1:N - One Database:Many Instances

Version = 12c (Multitenant)

N:1 - Many Databases:One Instance

N:N - Many Databases:Many Instances

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Oracle 12c - Multitenant Architecture

Multitenant Container DatabaseROOT

HCM12.1

DW12.1

CRM12.1

ERP12.1

Pluggable Databases (PDBs)

PDBs

Root

CDB

Pluggable Database

Self-contained Oracle database

Root Container

Oracle-supplied metadata

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One set of background processes

One SGA

One root container

Multiple Pluggable Databases

Up to 252 PDBs

Oracle 12c - Multitenant Architecture

Multitenant Architecture cont’d

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Pluggable Databases share the following files:

Undo Tablespace

Redo Logs

Control Files

(S)Pfile

Temporary tablespace

Note: PDBs may create their own temporary tablespaces

Multitenant Advantages - Manage Many as One

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Data Guard

Multitenant supports Data Guard at CDB-Level

Commands executed when connected to root container

Multitenant Advantages - Manage Many as One

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Upgrades Upgrade or apply a patch at CDB-Levelhttps://blogs.oracle.com/UPGRADE/entry/upgrade_pdbs_everything_at_once1

Unplug/plug PDB into another container databasehttps://blogs.oracle.com/UPGRADE/entry/upgrade_pdbs_one_at_a

Multitenant Advantages - Unplug/Plug

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Moving PDB from one container to another is straightforward

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Multitenant Advantages - Fast Cloning

Clone PDB from another PDB within the same CDB

Requires source PDB to be OPEN READ ONLY

s

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Clone PDB from another PDB in remote CDB

Requires source PDB to be OPEN READ ONLY

Multitenant Advantages - Fast Cloning

s

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s

Multitenant Advantages - Manage Many as One

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RMAN

Backup entire container as one or at PDB level

Recover entire container as one or at PDB level

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CDB-Level vs. PDB-Level

CDB-Level• Oracle Software

• SGA & Background Processes

• RMAN Scheduled Backups

• Data Guard

• Some Parameters(IsPDB_Modifiable= 'FALSE')

• Control Files, Redo and Undo

• (S)Pfile, Password File

• Flashback Database

PDB-Level• FLUSH SHARED_POOL

• FLUSH BUFFER_CACHE

• Point In-Time Recovery

• RMAN Ad hoc Backups

• Some Parameters(IsPDB_Modifiable= 'TRUE')

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s

Multitenant Architecture - CDB_* Prefix

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CDB_* All objects in CDB across all PDBs

DBA_* All objects in specific PDB

ALL_* Objects accessible by current user

USER_* Objects owned by current user

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Multitenant Architecture - CON_ID column

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CON_ID Description

0 Entire CDB/Non-CDB

1 Root container

2 Seed container

3-254 User PDBs

Multitenant Architecture - Users

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Common User

Identity known in the root and in all PDBs

C## Prefix (COMMON_USER_PREFIX parameter)

Local User

Identity known only in PDB-scope

CDB$ROOT

PDB1 PDB2ERP CRM ERP HR

C##U1 C##U2

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Multitenant Architecture - Users

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PDB with 1 local user

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Connecting to the CDB/PDB

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Switch Containers

s

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PDBs state after startup

PDBs are Mounted by default

(12.1.0.2)

Oracle 12c - Deployment Options

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DB CDB$ROOT CDB$ROOT

PDB1 PDB1 PDB2 PDB252…

Non-CDB

Same as before 12c

Single Tenant

• No additional license

• One active PDB

Multitenant

• Requires Multitenant License

• Requires Enterprise Edition

• Supports up to 252 PDBs

Oracle 12c - Deployment Options cont’d

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Why use Single Tenant instead of Non-CDB?

Unplug/Plug

Fast Cloning

And most important …

Ensuring QoS in Multitenant Environments

QoS Challenges - Multitenant environments

CDB-Level QoS challenge

Allocation of resources among competing PDBs

Example: One PDB consumes too many resources

PDB-Level QoS challenge

Allocation of resources among competing sessions

Example: One session consumes too many resources

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The Solution – Oracle Resource Manager

CDB-Level Resource Plan

Specifies how resources are allocated to PDBs

Prioritize resources between competing PDBs

PDB-Level Resource Plan

Specifies how resources are allocated to consumer groups

Prioritize resources between competing sessions

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Oracle Resource Manager - The Basics

Resource Manager Elements

Resource Plan

Resource Plan Directive

Consumer Group Resource Plan“WEEKEND”

Directive 170% of CPU

Directive 220% of CPU

Directive 310% of CPU

Consumer Group“WAREHOUSE”

Consumer Group“OLTP”

Consumer Group“OTHERS_GROUPS”

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Oracle Resource Manager - 12c Multitenant

CDB Resource Plan Directive

CPU Shares

CPU Utilization Limit

Parallel Servers Limit

Example #1

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Pluggable Database

CPU Shares

Guaranteed CPU

CPU Limit Parallel Servers Limit

OLTP 3 3/4 = 75% 100% 100%

ERP 1 1/4 = 25% 60% 100%

Obtain information about default CDB resource plan

Obtain information about default PDB directive

s

s

Oracle Resource Manager - 12c Multitenant

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CDB-Level Resource Plan Example

Resource Plan“Daytime_CDB_PLAN”

PDB“OLTP”

PDB“DWH”

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Directive 2Guaranteed CPU: 25%Maximum CPU: 60%

Directive 1Guaranteed CPU: 75%Maximum CPU: 100%

Pluggable Database

CPU Shares

Guaranteed CPU

CPU Limit Parallel Servers Limit

OLTP 3 3/4 = 75% 100% 100%

DWH 1 1/4 = 25% 60% 100%

Creating CDB Resource Plan

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s

Pluggable Database

CPU Shares

Guaranteed CPU

CPU Limit

OLTP 3 3/4 = 75% 100%

DWH 1 1/4 = 25% 60%

Creating CDB Resource Plan cont’d

37

s

Manually enabling resource plan

Manually disabling resource plan

Enabling/Disabling CDB Resource Plan

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s

s

s

Automatically Enable/Disable CDB Resource Plan

Enabling/Disabling CDB Resource Plan cont’d

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RAC & Multitenant

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RAC & Multitenant?

Multitenant fully supports RAC

PDBs can be opened on specific instances

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Why RAC & Multitenant?

Single Instance & Multitenant - Challenges

Not Scalable = Not a true consolidation solution

Instance Down Downtime for all PDBs

RAC makes Multitenant better

Scalable = True consolidation solution

Instance Down PDBs continue running on other nodes

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Services

Single SGA perCDB Instance

Node1

CDB Instance 1

Node2

CDB Instance 2

Multitenant Container Database (CDB)

CRMBI HCM ERPDW

RAC & Multitenant

Workload distributed across instances

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RAC & Multitenant

Services

Single SGA perCDB Instance

Node1

CDB Instance 1

Node2

CDB Instance 2

Node3

CDB Instance 3

Multitenant Container Database (CDB)

CRMBI HCM ERPDW

Workload distributed across instances

s

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RAC & Multitenant

Preferred Instance Available Instance

s

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Shutting down the preferred instance

PDB automatically starts in the other instance

RAC & Multitenant

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RAC & Multitenant

Obtain service configuration …

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RAC & Multitenant

Relocate PDBs using Service relocation

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RAC & Multitenant

Additional service for PDBTEST

Running on all RAC nodes

Performance Monitoring for Multitenant Environments

Workload Analysis - Multitenant Environments

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Workload Analysis - RAC & Multitenant

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Dimensional Analysis - Multitenant Environments

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Dimensional Analysis - Multitenant Environments

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Multitenant & AWR

Snapshots are taken at CDB-Level

AWR tables reside in CDB$ROOT container

s

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Multitenant & AWR cont’d

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AWR reports are available at CDB & PDB levels

DBA_HIST_* views are visible at PDB level

Unplug PDB does not contain AWR information

Multitenant & AWR cont’d

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Data available in PDB via object-link to the CDB$ROOT container

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References

Introduction to the Multitenant Architecture (Oracle Documentation)https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/CNCPT/cdbovrvw.htm#CNCPT89234

Managing Resources with Resource Manager (Oracle Documentation) https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ADMIN/dbrm.htm#ADMIN027

DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER (Oracle Documentation) https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ARPLS/d_resmgr.htm#ARPLS050

Introduction to a Multitenant Environment (Video by Tom Kyte)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MrouEW9j88

Oracle Multitenant (White Paper)http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/multitenant-wp-12c-1949736.pdf

Note: All diagrams and illustrations are used by permission of Oracle

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