Cloud Foundry OpenTour Kiev Keynote

Cloud FoundryThe Open Platform as a Service

Patrick ChanezonSenior DirectorDeveloper Relationschanezonp@vmware.com@chanezon Cloud Foundry OpenTour, Kiev, April 2012Tuesday, April 24, 12

P@ in a nutshell

• French, based in San Francisco

• Senior Director, Developer Relations, VMware

• Software Plumber, API guy, mix of Enterprise and Consumer

• 18 years writing software, backend guy with a taste for javascript

• 2 y Accenture (Notes guru), 3 y Netscape/AOL (Servers, Portals), 5 y Sun (ecommerce, blogs, Portals, feeds, open source)

• 6 years at Google, API guy (first hired, helped start the team)

• Adwords, Checkout, Social, HTML5, Cloud

Tuesday, April 24, 12

Dreams Of my childhood

Accelerando / Singularity, in a Galaxy far far away

§ Even if we automate ourselves out of a job every 10 years

§ ...I don’t think the singularity is near!

Moore's Law is for Hardware Only

§ Does not apply to software

§ Productivity gains not keeping up with hardware and bandwidth

§ Writing software is hard, painful, and still very much a craft

Moore's Law’s free lunch is over

§ Herb Sutter, Welcome to the Junglehttp://herbsutter.com/welcome-to-the-jungle/

Future

“The future is already here — it's just not very evenly distributed” William Gibson

Haiku - Skylark

“Trampling on clouds,inhaling the mist,the skylark soars” —SHIKI

Haiku - Frog

“Crouching,studying the clouds—a frog”CHIYO-JO

Architecture Changes: 60’s Mainframe

Architecture Changes: 80’s Client-Server

Architecture Changes: 90’s Web

Architecture Changes: 2010’s Cloud, HTML5, Mobile

Back to Client Server: Groovy Baby!

What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud According to my daughter Eliette

What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud at Михайлівський золотоверхий монастир

Cloud Stack - Classic Pyramid

Platform As A Service

Infrastructure As A Service

SoftwareAs A Service

Cloud Stack - By Value

InfrastructureAs A Service

SoftwareAs A Service

Platform As A Service

Cloud Stack - History

§ What does cloud mean, 4 main angles• Software 1994 Netscape

• Infrastructure 2002 Amazon AWS

• Platform 2008 Google

• Development now!

§ Industrialization of hardware and software infrastructurelike electricity beginning of 20th century

§ But software development itself is moving towards craftmanship

Cloud started at Consumer websites solving their needs

• Google, Amazon, Yahoo, Facebook, Twitter

• Large Data Sets

• Storage Capacity growing faster than Moore’s Law

• Fast Networks

• Horizontal -> Vertical scalability

• Open Source Software

• Virtualization

• Cloud is a productization of these infrastructures

• Public Clouds Services: Google, Amazon

• Open Source Software: Hadoop, Eucalyptus, Ubuntu, Cloud Foundry

Infrastructure

IaaS/Virtualization getting mainstream

§ AWS, Joyent, Rackspace,...

§ Open Source projects: OpenStack, DeltaCloud, Eucalyptus

§ Automation: Chef, Juju

§ Standardization? DMTF

§ Inside the Firewall, Virtualization: VMware, Microsoft, Xen, KVM

§ 50% of workloads are virtualized

§ Easy to provision, manage instance...BUT

§ Still need to manage backups, software stacks, monitor, upgrades

With Infrastructure, you still need to build your own platform

§ Need to build a distributed platform on top of you infrastructure

§ Story of the AWS meltdown from last summer• http://blog.reddit.com/2011/03/why-reddit-was-down-for-6-of-last-24.html

• http://www.readwriteweb.com/cloud/2010/12/chaos-monkey-how-netflix-uses.php

• http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2477296

• http://stu.mp/2011/04/the-cloud-is-not-a-silver-bullet.html

§ Twilio, Smugmug, SimpleGeo survived it because they built their own distributed platform on top of IaaS

§ Enterprise customers want to consider Infrastructure like CDNs• Multi Cloud usage

• Based on Open Source de facto standards, or full standards whenever that happens

Platforms

§ Raise the Unit of currency to be application & services instead of infrastructure

§ Google App Engine, Cloud Foundry, Joyent, Heroku, Stax (Cloudbees), Amazon elastic beanstalk, Microsoft Azure, AppFog

§ Single or a few languages, services

§ Start of Multi language Polyglot platforms

§ Enabler for Agile Developers -> Create Business value faster

§ Lack of standards: risk, vendor lock-in

§ Enterprise needs:•Control, customizability

•Private/Hybrid Cloud

•Avoid lock-in

Agile Development Processes

Agility as a survival skill

§ Consumer software is becoming like fashion•Phone apps, social apps, short lifetime, fast lifecycles

•Ab testing

§ Clay shirky situational apps

§ Kent Beck, Usenix 2011 Talk, “Software G-Forces”change in software process when frequency grows

§ Cloud Platforms enables an Agile culture, driver for innovation•Scalability is built in the platforms

•Can iterate faster

•Focus on design

§ Cloud Platforms lets developers focus on driving business value

Main Risk: Lock-In

Welcome to the hotel californiaSuch a lovely placeSuch a lovely facePlenty of room at the hotel californiaAny time of year, you can find it here

Last thing I remember, I wasRunning for the doorI had to find the passage backTo the place I was before’relax,’ said the night man,We are programmed to receive.You can checkout any time you like,But you can never leave!

Cloud Foundry: The Open PaaS

Application Service Private Clouds

PublicCloud

MicroCloud

Data Services

Other Services

Msg Services

vFabric Postgres

vFabric RabbitMQTM

• Open Source: Apache 2 Licensed

• multi language/frameworks

• multi services

• multi cloud

Open Source

Open Source Advantage

§ http://code.google.com/p/googleappengine/issues/detail?id=13

• https://github.com/cloudfoundry/vcap/pull/25

CloudFoundry.org

Cloud Foundry Open Source Workflow

Reviewers +2/-2

test verification score ✓ ✗ git push triggers test execution

Gerrit Code Review

reviews.cloudfoundry.org

Jenkins CI

ci.cloudfoundry.org

github

github.com/cloudfoundry

+1/-1 Committers

on +2 and ✓ change pushed to github

cloudfoundry.com

production updated ~2x/week

Multi Cloud

CloudFoundry.COM

Runtimes & Frameworks

Services

vCenter / vSphere

Cloud Foundry

Infrastructure

Cloud Foundry.ORG

The Source Code to Compile & Build Cloud Foundry

vCenter / vSphere

Cloud Foundry

DownloadCode

Setup Environment

Deploy Behind Firewall

Setup Scripts

Micro Cloud Foundry

What is a Micro Cloud?

Entire Cloud Running inside of a single VM

What is in Micro Cloud Foundry?

Open source Platform as a Service project

App Instances Services

Dynamic Updating DNS

Other Cloud Foundry powered PaaS

Private PaaS

Added Python and Perl

Public PaaS

Added PHP

Tier3 and Uhuru recently added .NET support

Register today

http://cloudfoundry.com/signup

CFOpenTour2012Use Promo Code

To avoid approval queue waiting time

Cloud Foundry BOSH

§ 500 – 5,000 VMs

§ 40+ unique node types

§ 75+ unique software packages

§ 75+ unique environments

§ 2x/week cf.com updates

§ 24x7x365 non-stop operation

§ No-downtime deployments

§ Reliable, robust, repeatable deployments, updates, capacity adjustments

§ Small teams manage many instances

Production Grade Cloud Foundry Clusters

Google style problem è Google style solution

cloudfoundry.com

production, staging, stress, qa, dev

§ Cloud Foundry BOSH is an open source tool-chain for release engineering, deployment, and lifecycle management of large scale distributed services• Prescriptive way of creating releases and managing systems and services

• It is not a collection of shell scripts, not a pile of Perl

§ Built to deploy and manage production-class, large scale clusters• Production grade Cloud Foundry clusters: 500+ VMs, 40+ jobs, 75+ packages

• Multi-node, multi-tier, complex clusters: e.g., our Gerrit/Jenkins Cluster

§ Built for devops usage and scale by a crack team of veterans• A project, not a product: command line interface, YAML, etc.

• Continuous improvement, iterative development, rough edges

Cloud Foundry BOSH

github.com/cloudfoundry/bosh

BOSH: under the hood

bosh cli

redis natsdb

director healthmon

IaaS CPI

workers

stemcellagent

“BOSH is deployed by BOSH”

cloudfoundry.com

BOSH User

active jobs

IaaS neutral by design

CPI: code completefunctional status: “work in progress”

vSphere: battle tested implementation, thousands of deployments

vCloud Director: “work in progress”, 2H 2012

contribute: github.com/cloudfoundry/bosh

Cloud Provider Interface (CPI)

Cloud Foundry BOSH

Cloud for Developers: the true path is PaaS!

Development As A

Service

Development

§ Final frontier, happening now

§ Not whole product yet

§ Social Coding: Google code, Github

§ Web IDEs: Cloud9, Exo, Orion

§ Higher level case tools, Wavemaker, Orangescape, Runmyprocess

§ Continuous Integration: Jenkins, Cloudbees, OpenShift

§ Test: feature of cloud platforms

§ Knowledge Sharing: StackOverflow

DemoExo Cloud IDE

Mark DowneyCloud Services Product Manager, Exo Platforms

Twitter: @marksdowney

Lessons for Developers

Predictions

§ Software is becoming like fashion, design rules

§ Welcome to Babel, use the best tool for the job, embrace multiple language & heterogeneity

§ Our jobs will change, build yourself out of your current job

§ Sysadmin jobs will morph, there will be less of them

§ Many opportunities open when you embrace change

Things to Forget

§ First normal form

§ Waterfall model

§ Single server deployment

§ Single language skill

§ Build everything from scratch

§ Build custom infrastructure

Things to Learn

• Agile

• Take risks, fail often, fail fast and learn

• API Design: create the API first

• UI Design, Javacript, HTML5, CSS3

• A/B Testing

• Open Source, Open Standards

• Architecture, Distributed Computing (CAP theorem, 8 fallacies)

• Cloud Platforms and APIs

• Multiple types of languages (imperative, object, functional, logic)

• Ability to encapsulate domain knowledge in a DSL

• Build on the shoulders of giants: reuse, REST APIs

• Pick your battles, choose what you need to build yourself to add value

• Learn to live in a box (embrace platform limitations) to think outside the box

• Use an App Store for distribution

• Consider your career as a startup54

Such stuff as dreams are made on

§ Like a kid on a candy store: there's never been a better time to be a software developer!

§ Welcome to the Cloud: embrace change and reinvent yourselves

§ “The future is already there, not evenly distributed” Gibson

§ We Developers, invent the future today

developer perspective v2.0

sample app

polyglot in actionby Mark Lucovsky

stac2: load generation system

stac2frontend

api server

vmc worker http worker

http json

redis apirpush

blpop blpopredis api

- 2 x 128mb- ruby 1.8.7, sinatra

- 16 x 128mb*- node.JS, 0.6.8

- 96 x 128mb- ruby 1.8.7, sinatra

json-p- jQuery, jQuery UI- haml templates- 100% JS based UI

* - api server and http worker share the same node.JS process/instance

emailreports

deployment instructions

$ cd ~/stac2$ vmc push

how is this possible?$ cd ~/stac2; cat manifest.ymlapplications: ./nabh: instances: 16 mem: 128M runtime: node06 url: ${name}.${target-‐base} services: nab-‐redis: type: :redis./nabv: instances: 96 mem: 128M runtime: ruby18 url: ${name}.${target-‐base} services: nab-‐redis: type: :redis./stac2: instances: 2 mem: 128M runtime: ruby18 url: ${name}.${target-‐base}

design tidbits

• producer/consumer pattern using rpush/blpop

• node.JS: multi-server and high performance async i/o

• caldecott – aka vmc tunnel for debugging

• redis sorted sets for stats collection

• redis expiring keys for rate calculation

producer/consumer

• core design pattern

• found at the heart of many complex apps

classic mode:- thread pools- semaphore/mutex, completion ports, etc.- scalability limited to visibility of the work queue

consumerwork queueproducer work work

cloud foundry mode:- instance pools- redis rpush/blpop, rabbit queues, etc.- full horizontal scalability, cloud scale

producer/consumer: code

// producerfunction commit_item(queue, item) { // push the work item onto the proper queue redis.rpush(queue, item, function(err, data) {

// optionally trim the queue, throwing away // data as needed to ensure the queue does // not grow unbounded if (!err && data > queueTrim) { redis.ltrim(queue, 0, queueTrim-‐1); } });}

// consumerfunction worker() { // blocking wait for workitems blpop_redis.blpop(queue, 0, function(err, data) { // data[0] == queue, data[1] == item if (!err) { doWork(data[1]); } process.nextTick(worker); });

node.JS multi-server: http API server

// the api server handles two key load generation apis// /http – for http load, /vmc for Cloud Foundry API loadvar routes = {“/http”: httpCmd, “/vmc”: vmcCmd}

// http api server booted by app.js, passing redis client// and Cloud Foundry instance function boot(redis_client, cfinstance) { var redis = redis_client; function onRequest(request, response) { var u = url.parse(request.url); var path = u.pathname; if (routes[path] && typeof routes[path] == ‘function’) { routes[path](request, response); } else { response.writeHead(404, {‘Content-‐Type’: ‘text/plain’}); response.write(‘404 Not Found’); response.end(); } } server = http.createServer(onRequest).listen(cfinstance[‘port’]);}

node.JS multi-server: blpop server

var blpop_redis = null;var status_redis = null;var cfinstance = null;

// blpop server handles work requests for http traffic// that are placed on the queue by the http API server// another blpop server sits in the ruby/sinatra VMC serverfunction boot(r1, r2, cfi) { // multiple redis clients due to concurrency constraints blpop_redis = r1; status_redis = r2; cfinstance = cfi; worker();}

// this is the blpop server loopfunction worker() { blpop_redis.blpop(queue, 0, function(err, data) { if (!err) { doWork(data[1]); } process.nextTick(worker); });}

caldecott: aka vmc tunnel

# create a caldecott tunnel to the redis server$ vmc tunnel nab-‐redis redis-‐cliBinding Service [nab-‐redis]: OK…Launching 'redis-‐cli -‐h localhost -‐p 10000 -‐a ...’

# enumerate the keys used by stac2redis> keys vmc::staging::*1) “vmc::staging::actions::time_50”2) “vmc::staging::active_workers”…

# enumerate actions that took less that 50msredis> zrange vmc::staging::actions::time_50 0 -‐1 withscores1) “delete_app”2) “1”3) “login”4) “58676”5) “info”6) “80390”

# see how many work items we dumped due to concurrency constraintredis> get vmc::staging::wastegate“7829”

redis sorted sets for stats collection

# log action into a sorted set, net result is set contains# actions and the number of times the action was executed# count total action count, and also per elapsed time bucketdef logAction(action, elapsedTimeBucket) # actionKey is the set for all counts # etKey is the set for a particular time bucket e.g., _1s, _50ms actionKey = “vmc::#{@cloud}::actions::action_set” etKey = “vmc::#{@cloud}::actions::times#{elapsedTimeBucket}” @redis.zincrby actionKey, 1, action @redis.zincrby etKey, 1, actionend

# enumerate actions and their associated countredis> zrange vmc::staging::actions::action_set 0 -‐1 withscores1) “login”2) “212092”3) “info”4) “212093”

# enumerate actions that took between 400ms and 1sredis> zrange vmc::staging::actions::time_400_1s 0 -‐1 withscores1) “create-‐app”2) “14”3) “bind-‐service”4) “75”

redis incrby and expire for rate calcs

# to calculate rates (e.g., 4,000 requests per second)# we use plain old redis.incrby. the trick is that the # key contains the current 1sec timestamp as it’s suffix value# all activity that happens within this 1s period accumulates# in that key. by setting an expire on the key, the key is # automatically deleted 10s after last writedef logActionRate(cloud) tv = Time.now.tv_sec one_s_key = "vmc::#{cloud}::rate_1s::#{tv}"

# increment the bucket and set expires, key # will eventually expires Ns after the last write @redis.incrby one_s_key, 1 @redis.expire one_s_key, 10end

# return current rate by looking at the bucket for the previous # one second period. by looking further back and averaging, we # can smooth the rate calcdef actionRate(cloud) tv = Time.now.tv_sec -‐ 1 one_s_key = "vmc::#{cloud}::rate_1s::#{tv}" @redis.get one_s_keyend

stac2 demo -or- screencast

Cloud Foundry Resources

Primary Site : cloudfoundry.com

Open Source Site : cloudfoundry.org

Twitter : @cloudfoundry , hash tag #cfoundry

Blog : blog.cloudfoundry.com

FB : facebook.com/cloudfoundry

Support : support.cloudfoundry.com• Documentation

• Knowledge Base

• Q & A / Forums

We’re hiring: www.cloudfoundry.com/jobs

Community

Oleg ZhurakouskySenior Software Engineer, SpringSource/VMware

Twitter: @z_oleg

Questions

?Tuesday, April 24, 12

Thank You!@CloudFoundry

@chanezon

Website : www.cloudfoundry.comBlog : blog.cloudfoundry.comForum : support.cloudfoundry.com

Books / Articles

§ Nick Carr, The Big Switch

§ Eric Raymond, The Art of Unix Programming

§ Weinberg, Psychology of Computer Programming

§ Wes python book

§ Mark html5 book

§ Kent Beck XP

§ Hunt, Thomas, The Pragmatic Programmer

§ Ade Oshineye, Apprenticeship Patterns

§ Matt Cutt's Ignite Talk IO 2011, Trying different things

§ Josh Bloch talk about api design

§ Larry and Sergey, Anatomy of a Search Engine

§ Rob Pike, The Practice of Programming

Papers / Talks

§ Simon Wardley, Oscon 09 “Cloud - Why IT Matters”

§ Tim O’Reilly article on internet os

§ Peter Deutsch’s 8 Fallacies of Distributed Computing

§ Brewer’s CAP Theorem

§ Gregor Hohpe’s Starbucks Does Not Use Two-Phase Commit

§ Stuff I tag http://www.delicious.com/chanezon/

§ More specifically http://www.delicious.com/chanezon/cloudfoundry

§ My previous Talks http://www.slideshare.net/chanezon

§ My list of favorite books http://www.chanezon.com/pat/soft_books.html

Acknowledgement

§ Drawings from my daughters Eliette

§ Slides from Dave McCrory, Derek Collison, Duke Leto

§ Haiku from Addiss, Stephen; Yamamoto, Fumiko; Yamamoto, Fumiko Y.; Yamamoto, Akira Y. (2011-06-22). Haiku: An Anthology of Japanese Poems (Shambhala Library)

§ Painting Hiroshige, Sengai

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