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© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 1
#ConnectCA
ConnectCisco
Optimizing Your Client's Wi-Fi Experience
Robert James LloydTSA EN Mobility
Novermber 28, 2017
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 2
-Nikola Tesla
“It seems that I have always been ahead of my time. I had to wait nineteen years before Niagara was harnessed by my system, fifteen years before the basic inventions for wireless which I gave to the world in 1893 were applied universally”
“…and 109 years later we are still trying to get it to work as planned”
- Anon<Rob Lloyd>ymous
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 3
Acknowledgement • A large portion of this presentation was gleaned from the remarkable Cisco Live Berlin 2017
Session: Wireless Deployment and Design for Media-Rich Mobile Applicationshttps://www.ciscolive.com/online/connect/sessionDetail.ww?SESSION_ID=93867&backBtn=true. I highly recommend viewing it in it’s entirety and I thank my colleagues for allowing me to use their content. Said session was created and delivered by the following Principal Engineers:
• Robert Barton, P. Eng@MrRobbarto CCIE #6660, CCDE #2013::6
• Jerome Henry, Technical leader - TME@wirelessccie CCIE Wireless #24750, CWNE #45
More related presentations and references will be noted in the supplemental information slide(s) following the core material of this delivery.
4© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Part 1: Optimizing the RF Environment for Mobile Applications
Part 2: Optimal AP and Antenna deployment for Real-Time Applications
Part 3: Cisco Innovations for Mobility Client QoE
Part 4: Developing your Wireless QoS Strategy
Part 5: AireOS QoS Foundations.
Part 6: Cisco and Apple Fastlane
Agenda
5© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Optimizing the RF Environment for Mobile Applications
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 6
Real Time Voice vs Real Time Video Applications
6
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 7
Mean Opinion Score < 4.1, VoIP Quality Changes from “Good” to close to “Fair” (“slightly annoying”)
»4.1
7
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 8
VoIP Golden Rules for Wi-Fi
Packet Error Rate (PER) <=1%As low jitter as possible, less than 100msRetries should be < 20%End to end delay 150 – 200 ms, 30 ms in cellWhen these values are exceeded, MOS reduces too much
Your mission is to keep MOS high
8
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 9
RF Design - SignalCloser distance to the AP means higher signal level (RSSI), which translates in more complex modulation scheme and higher data rate
9
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 10
Higher Power Does not Always Mean Better Signal
You are a bit quiet
Blah blah blah
Is it better now?
RSSI
dBm
Noise Level
Time
Aim for:
•Noise level ≤ -92 dBm
•RSSI ≥ 67 dBm
-> 25 dB or better SNR
•Typically, AP power same as client power -> commonly 11 to 14 dBm
10
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 11
Imagine This Scenario . . . .(based on an actual customer situation)
11
11
1
1 1 1
11
1
• Customer moved to first Wi-Fi only building (including voice and video)
• DISASTER! Wi-Fi was Terrible!!
• Investigation revealed all APs at max power (power level 1)
• Covering ~7500 sq. ft. per AP (2500 sq. ft. per AP is recommended)
• They needed 3x as many APs!
~ 120 ft
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 12
SSIDs and Low Rates Consume Air Time
5% After
60% Before
§ Reduce SSID number, disable lowrates, solve OBSS issues
§ Keep CU below 50%
§ Before: 8 SSIDs, allrates allowed
§ After: 2 SSIDs, 802.11brates disabled
12
Andrew von Nagyhttp://www.revolutionwifi.nethttps://itunes.apple.com/us/app/apple-store/id1041231876?pt=615227&ct=Revolution%20Wi-Fi&mt=8http://bit.ly/capacityplanner2
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 13
What Should Your Minimum Rate Be?§ Stop your cell where:
1. Signal to your clients is still strong2. Clients and overhead traffic still “reasonably fast”3. Retries are low
§ Beyond that point, clients should be able to get to another AP if they want to.
§ On the right:§ STA1 and STA2 hear each other -> less collisions§ STA 1 and STA2 send @ 54 Mb/s -> short delays§ STA3 is far from AP -> lower data rate (longer transmission delay),
higher PER and loss risks§ STA3 does not hear STA1 and STA2 -> higher collision risk
24 Mbps
6 Mbps
STA1
STA2
STA3
13
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 14
- 67 dBm… How Much is That in Data Rate?§ And BER is important, because more retries means more
chances that the frame will be dropped
§ Your job is to limit frame drops to1% or less to maintain 4.1 MOS
§ At -67 dBm RSSI, SNR istypically around 25 dB or more*
§ You can run any rate of 24 Mbpsand up, and still have good frame success rate
* well, at least in ideal conditions… see next slides
14
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 15
Hand and Phone Position Affect Signal
Object in Signal Path Signal AttenuationThrough Object
Plasterboard wall 3 dBGlass wall with metal frame 6 dB
Cinderblock wall 4 dBOffice window 3 dB
Metal door 6 dBMetal door in brick wall 12 dB
Phone and body position 3 - 6 dB
Phone near field absorption Up to 15 dB
There can be a 20 dB difference between these photos
15
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 16
Big Hands are Okay if Your Design is Clever-67 dBm
-67 – 20 = -87 dBmSignal is too weak…
APAP
But you can roam to the other AP @ -67 dBm!
16
17© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Positioning APs and Antennas for Optimal Real-Time Application QoE
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 18
Where do You Need Coverage?§ Talk to end-users. Think what they will need and when, look for roaming paths
18
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 19
AP Placement Guidelines§Mount APs so that antennas are vertical (we use vertical polarization)
1919
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 2020
Radiation Pattern§ Do not mount on a wall an AP built for ceiling
mount…
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 2121
§ Do not mount on a wall an AP built for ceiling mount…
Radiation Pattern
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 22
AP Placement Guidelines§Avoid metallic objects that can affect the signal to your clients
22
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 23
AP Placement – Bad Examples§ AP too high:
Low rate to the groundClient signal too weak at the AP level
> 20ftNice… but you won’t cover thejetway as soon as the door closes
23
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 24
RF Design – Cell OverlapCell overlap coverage is not always the only concern
Roaming can fail if the client device does not have enough time to properly scan for neighboring access pointsImagine turning the corner around a metal or high attenuation barrier – the RF environment changes very rapidly
Challenging RF obstacles need to be considered during AP placement
A “Transition” AP that is placed at the intersection of hallways can alleviate some scenarios
24
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 25
RF Design – Next AP Position• At point A the phone is connected to AP 1
• At point B the phone has AP 2 in the neighbor list, AP 3 has not yet been scanned due to the RF shadow caused by the elevator bank
• At point C the phone needs to roam, but AP 2 is the only AP in the neighbor list
• The phone then needs to rescan and connect to AP 3
1
3
2A B
C
25
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 26
RF Design – Next AP PositionAt point A the phone is connected to AP 1
At point B the phone has AP 2 in the neighbor list as it was able to scan it while moving down the hall
At point C the phone needs to roam and successfully selects AP 2
The phone has sufficient time to scan for AP 3 ahead of time
A B
C
12
3
26
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 27
Radiation Pattern and Roaming Buffer§When users are expected to roam while communicating, make sure their BYOD can detect neighboring APs BEFORE roaming
Directional vs omnidirectional antennaFloor
AP signal drops fastAP signal drops slowly
User does not have much space/timeto find the next AP
27
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 28
Controller Redundancy and Roaming Paths§Design expected roaming paths and make sure all APs connect to the same controller, and overlap allows for next AP discovery
28
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 29
Going Further
• BRKEWN-2019 - 7 Ways to Fail as a Wireless Expert (2017 Berlin) – Steven Heinsiushttps://www.ciscolive.com/online/connect/sessionDetail.ww?SESSION_ID=93858&backBtn=true
• BRKEWN-3010 - Improve enterprise WLAN spectrum quality with Cisco's advanced RF capacities (RRM, CleanAir, ClientLink, etc) (2017 Berlin) – Jim Florwick
https://www.ciscolive.com/online/connect/sessionDetail.ww?SESSION_ID=94062&tclass=popup
29
30© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Innovations for Mobility Client QoE
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 3131BRKEWN-2670
BES
T P
RA
CTI
CES
(Aire
OS)
Make it Easy Make it work
INFR
AST
RU
CTU
RE
Enable High Availability (AP and Client SSO)Enable AP Failover PriorityEnable AP Multicast ModeEnable Multicast VLAN Enable Pre-image downloadEnable AVC Enable NetFlowEnable Local Profiling (DHCP and HTTP) Enable NTPModify the AP Re-transmit ParametersEnable FastSSID changeEnable Per-user BW contractsEnable Multicast MobilityEnable Client Load balancingDisable Aironet IEFlexConnect Groups and Smart AP Upgrade
Enable 802.1x and WPA/WPA2 on WLANEnable 802.1x authentication for APChange advance EAP timers Enable SSH and disable telnetDisable Management Over WirelessDisable WiFi DirectPeer-to-peer blockingSecure Web Access (HTTPS)Enable User PoliciesEnable Client exclusion policies Enable rogue policies and Rogue Detection RSSIStrong password Policies Enable IDSBYOD Timers
Set Bridge Group NameSet Preferred ParentMultiple Root APs in each BGNSet Backhaul rate to "Auto"Set Backhaul Channel Width to 40/80 MHzBackhaul Link SNR > 25 dBmAvoid DFS channels for BackhaulExternal RADIUS server for Mesh MAC AuthenticationEnable IDS Enable EAP Mesh Security Mode
MES
H
WIR
ELES
S / R
FSE
CU
RIT
Y
Disable 802.11b data ratesRestrict number of WLAN below 4Enable channel bonding – 40 or 80 MHz Enable BandSelectUse RF Profiles and AP GroupsEnable RRM (DCA & TPC) to be autoEnable Auto-RF group leader selectionEnable Cisco CleanAir and EDRRMEnable Noise & Rogue Monitoring on all channels Enable DFS channelsAvoid Cisco AP Load
http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/wireless/technology/wlc/82463-wlc-config-best-practice.html
Best Practices Summary For YourReference
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 32
Optimized RoamingRX-SOP
Pervasive Wi-Fi
HDX TurboPerformance
Event Driven RRM
XOR RadioFRA
Cisco CleanAir®
RF Profiles
RRM, DCA, TPC, CHDM
Load BalancingBand Select
Client Link 4.0
Off-Channel Scanning
Flex DFSDBS
5GHzServing
2.4GHzServing5/2.4GHzMonitor
• EnabledbyDual5GHz
• AdjustRadioBandstoBetterServetheEnvironment
RF Optimized Connectivity
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 33
XOR Radio and FRA2.4GHzServing
2.4-5GHzMonitoring
5GHz.Serving
5GHz.Serving
2.4GHzServing
5GHz.Serving
5GHzServing5Hz
Serving
2.4GHzServing
ü FRA-auto (default value) or Manual
ü Auto 2.4 -> 5GHz or Monitor Mode
ü Transition to 2.4 GHz if coverage drops
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 34
FRA Sensitivity and Preferenceü FRA Sensitivity configurable
• Low–100% COF**• Medium–95% COF • High–90% COF
ü Client Network Preference • Connectivity Preference• Throughput Preference
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 35
Micro ßà Macro Cell Transitions
-51 dBm
-65 dBm
-51 dBm-51 dBm≥ 55 dBm?
Probe Response
Client Steering
• 802.11v BSS Transition – Default Enable• 802.11k – Default Enable• Probe Suppression – Default Disable
Client Types
• 11v capable – 802.11v BSS Transition• Non-11v capable – 802.11k neighbor list +
disassociation• No 11k or 11v support – Probe Suppression Micro – 5GHz on XOR
Macro -- Dedicated 5 GHz
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 36
Optimize Wi-Fi with CleanAirQuickly Identify and Mitigate Wi-Fi Impacting Interference
Channel 48
48
4848
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
ü Interference on 20/40/80/160 MHz ü Air Quality and Interference by
AP/radio on WLCü AQ Threshold trap and Interference
Device trap (per radio) ü CleanAir-enabled RRM
Network Air Quality and Interference Location with PI 3.1.x and MSE 8.0.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 37
Interference Devices and Air Quality ReportCleanAir Enabled RRM
Mitigated RF interference for improved reliability and performance
Wi-Fi andnon-Wi-Fi
aware
Dynamic mitigationED-RRM
Granular spectrum
visibility and control
Air Quality Performance
Improved Client Performance
Complete Automatic Interference Mitigation Solution for Rogues and Non-Wi-Fi Interference
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 38
Cisco Enhanced Interference MitigationAfter
Mitigated RF interference for improved reliability and performance
BeforeRogue Wi-Fi interference decreases reliability and performance
until next dynamic channel assignment (DCA) cycle
Improved Client Performance
Wi-Fi andnon-Wi-Fi
aware
Dynamic mitigationED-RRM
Granular spectrum
visibility and control
Rogues seen as security threat only
Non-Wi-Fi interference prioritized
Complete Automatic Interference Mitigation Solution for Rogues and Non-Wi-Fi Interference
Air Quality PerformanceAir Quality Performance
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 39
Maximize Channels When Radar Is PresentFlexible Dynamic Frequency Selection
5170MHz
5330MHz
36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64
20MHz.
40MHz.
80MHz.
160MHz.
5490MHz
5710MHz
100
104
108
112
116
120
124
128
132
136
140Channel Used
by Air Traffic Radar
See it on 160MHZ Band
Dynamic Frequency Selection
FlexibleDynamic Frequency Selection
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 40
FlexDFS with Dynamic Bandwidth Selection
Identifies radar frequency to
1 MHz
FlexDFSisolates radar
event to 20MHz
DBS allows best channel
and width
Interference is impactingonly channel 60
FlexDFS + DBSAutomatic and intelligent use of spectrum
52 56 60 64
DBS combined with FlexDFS: Increased confidence in using wider channel bandwidth; reduced radio flapping
Primary20
Secondary 20
Secondary40
52 56 60 64
Optimizes HD Experience
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 41
Better Support for Users on the MoveOptimized Roaming
Optimized Roaming: Wireless Devices Connect to the Most Effective APClient Stickiness
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 42
Improve Connectivity to All Devices Cisco ClientLink 4.0
Improves device performance
802.11ac Wave 2 Access Point: TX
beamforming
• 802.11a• 802.11g
• 802.11n• 802.11ac Wave 1
• 802.11ac Wave 2
• 802.11ac Wave 2
802.11ac Wave 2 Access Point: ClientLink
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 43
Better Client Connectivity RXSOP, Load Balancing, Band Select
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 44
Fine-tuning HDX with RF Profiles
Wi-Fi Triggered ED-RRM
OptimizedRoamingRXSOP
Dynamic Bandwidth Selection
TPC, DCACHDM
FlexDFS
CORE:• CleanAir
• ClientLink 4.0
• Turbo Performance
ü Pre-canned RF Profilesü Client Distributionü Data Ratesü DCA, TPC, CHDMü Profile Threshold for Trapsü High Density Features
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 45
Cisco Air Time Fairness (ATF)After
Air time is allocated per SSID, per realm, per client. There is now better control over how air time is shared.
BeforeRate limiting can only specify a bit rate (throughput) limit.
There is no way to limit the duration that the bit rate will use.
Gain the Ability to Meet SLAs
Time-based
Automatic calculation
on availability
Ongoing recalculation
Bandwidth rate
unpredictable
Client-dependent fluctuation
Not time-based
Improved Predictability and Performance
SSID 230%
SSID 170%
SSID 248%
SSID 152%
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 46
Zero Impact Application Visibility and Control
Maintain performance with zero-impact AVCGain visibility
into the networkControl application
performance
App App App App
App App App App
App App App App
App App App App
Red Hat CiscoWebEx Rhapsody Gmail
TIBCO MicrosoftExchange YouTube Skype
SAP Citrix BitTorrent iTunes
SharePoint WindowsServer
GoogleTalk Salesforce
Monitor critical applications
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 48
Why Wireless QoS For Real Time Applications
• QoS is like a chainIt’s only as strong as its weakest link
• the WLAN is one of the weakest links* in enterprise QoS designs for three primary reasons:
1) Typical downshift in speed (and throughput)2) Shift from full-duplex to half-duplex media3) Shift from a dedicated media to a shared media
• WLAN QoS policies need to control both jitter and packet loss
1 Gbps170 MbpsFull DuplexHalf Duplex
*weakest link is WAN, second weakest is WLAN 48
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 49
WLAN QoS Improvements QuantifiedApplication Original Metric Improved Metric Percentage
ImprovementVoice 15 ms max jitter 5 ms max jitter 300%
3.92 MOS(Cellular Quality)
4.2 MOS(Toll Quality)
Video 9 fps 14 fps 55%
Visual MOS:Good
Visual MOS:Excellent
Transactional Data 14 ms latency 2 ms latency 700%
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/wireless/cisco_avc_application_improvement.pdf
49
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 50
Mobile Applications – on Wi-FiWi-Fi is the primary network access methodMission-critical applications cannot failWi-Fi space has become congested
Proper RF and QoS management is the only way to ensure real-time applications QoE and prioritization
50
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 51
Wireless QoS-Specific Limitations• No priority servicing
• No bandwidth guarantees
• Non-deterministic media access
• Only 4 levels of service
LAN QoS WLAN QoS
51
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 52
Real Time Applications and WirelessVideo/Voice & Other Applications over WLAN are the same as over other media, except... they’re carried over wireless!
Signaling: SCCP/SIP… or others!
Transport Protocols: RTP or other… but still real time
Wireless adds some important differences
Shared Media, Unlicensed Spectrum
802.11 Protocol Design
Physical Coverage Design
Users are Mobile
Battery Life
Application Design...
52
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 54
Start by Defining Your QoS StrategyArticulate Your Business Intent, Relevant Applications and End-to-End Strategy
http://tinyurl.com/gu42acb54
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 55
Translate your Strategy to a Framework
55
Transactional Data
Realtime
4-Class Model
Best Effort
Control Signaling
Transactional Data
Multimedia Conferencing
Voice
8-Class Model
Scavenger
Best Effort
Multimedia Streaming
Network Control
OAM
Realtime Interactive
Transactional Data
Multimedia Conferencing
Voice
12-Class Model
Bulk Data
Scavenger
Best Effort
Multimedia Streaming
Network Control
Broadcast Video
Signaling
1. Organize your applications into groups or “classes”
2. Assign a DSCP value to each class
3. Ensure that each application correctly marks this DSCP
4. Decide how each class will be treated by the devices in your network
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 56
A Consolidated Strategy:Comparing Wired and Wireless QoS
• By definition of IEEE 802.11e standard there are only 4 levels of service (called “Access Categories”)
• LAN switches service queues based on Priority Queue (PQ) and Class-Based Weighted Fair Queue (CBWFQ)
• 802.11e uses the Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) method
• WLANs have no priority queue
Class 6
Class 4
Class 2Class 1
Class 7Class … n
Class 3
Background
Best Effort
Video
Voice
Enterprise QoS WLAN QoS
Class 5
56
PQ + CBWFQ EDCA Algorithm
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 57
• Reconciles RFC 4594 with IEEE 802.11
• Summarizes our internal consensus on DSCP-to-UP mapping
• Advocates DSCP-trust in the upstream direction (vs. UP-to-DSCP mapping)
IETF Draft on DSCPßàUP Mapping
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tsvwg-ieee-802-11-00
57
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 58
Downstream DSCP-to-UP Mapping ModelRatified Cisco Consensus Model (June 2015)
IEEE 802.11 Model
VoiceAccess
Category
Best EffortAccess Category
VideoAccess
Category
BackgroundAccess
Category
UP 7
UP 5
UP 3
UP 2
UP 6
UP 4
UP 0
UP 1
OAM
Signaling
Realtime Interactive
Transactional Data
Multimedia Conferencing
Bulk Data
AF2
CS3
CS4
AF4
CS2
AF1
Scavenger CS1
Best Effort DF
Multimedia Streaming AF3
Broadcast Video
Voice + DSCP-Admit
RFC 4594-Based Model
CS5
EF + 44
Internetwork Control CS6
DSCP
Network Control (CS7)• Plugs potential security vulnerabilities
• Provides distinction between elastic and inelastic video classes
• Aligns RFC 4594 recommendations into the IEEE 802.11 model
• Requires several custom DSCP-to-UP mappings
Remark / Drop
if not in use
58
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 59
AireOS Default DSCP ßà UP Mapping Table
Traffic Type DSCP 802.11e UP WMM Access Category
Voice 46 (EF) 6 Voice
Interactive Video 34 (AF41) 5 Video
Call Signaling 24 (CS3) 3 Best Effort
Transactional / Interactive Data 18 (AF21) 3 Best Effort
Bulk Data 10 (AF11) 2 Background
Best Effort 0 (BE) 0 Best Effort
59
• Other UP values are derived from the 3 msb of the packet’s DSCP value and then mapped to the correct AC accordingly
• E.g. DSCP 40 = 101000 à UP = 101 = 5
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 60
Downstream QoS Model (Simplified)Note: DSCP trust model (dot1p CoS tagging on WLC not in use here)
Wired Network802.1Q Trunk
CAPWAP EncapsulatedDSCP802.1p
802.1Q TrunkCAPWAP
CAPWAP EncapsulatedDSCP
60
802.11 DSCP Payload 802.11 DSCP Payload 802.1p DSCP Payload
1 The Ethernet frame is received over an 802.1q trunk by the WLC. The WLC uses the DSCP value of the IP packet and maps it to the outer DSCP of the CAPWAP tunnel.
1
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 61
Downstream QoS Model (Simplified)
Wired Network
UP DSCP Payload
802.1Q Trunk
1
CAPWAP EncapsulatedDSCP802.1p
802.1Q TrunkCAPWAP
CAPWAP EncapsulatedDSCP
2
61
802.11 DSCP Payload 802.11 DSCP Payload 802.1p DSCP Payload
2 Once the Ethernet frame is received by the AP, it maps the DSCP value of the IP packetto the 802.11e UP value on the wireless frame. The frame is then sent to the client.
1 The Ethernet frame is received over an 802.1q trunk by the WLC. The WLC uses the DSCP value of the IP packet and maps it to the outer DSCP of the CAPWAP tunnel.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 62
802.1p DSCP PayloadCAPWAP Encapsulated
DSCP 802.11 DSCP PayloadUP DSCP Payload
Upstream QoS Model (Simplified)Note: DSCP trust model (dot1p CoS tagging on WLC not in use here)
Wired Network802.1Q Trunk802.1Q TrunkCAPWAP
62
CAPWAP EncapsulatedDSCP802.1p 802.11 DSCP Payload
31 The client 802.11e frame is received by the AP. The AP maps the 802.11e UP value *or* original packet DSCP to the outer CAPWAP IP DSCP header (configurable)
1
DefaultOptional
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 63
802.1p DSCP PayloadCAPWAP Encapsulated
DSCP 802.11 DSCP PayloadUP DSCP Payload
Upstream QoS Model (Simplified)
Wired Network802.1Q Trunk802.1Q TrunkCAPWAP
63
CAPWAP EncapsulatedDSCP802.1p 802.11 DSCP Payload
At the WLC end of the CAPWAP tunnel, the 802.11e frame is bridged to the Ethernet switch. CAPWAP DSCP is mapped to 802.1p CoS value on trunk.2
2
12
31 The client 802.11e frame is received by the AP. The AP maps the 802.11e UP value *or* original packet DSCP to the outer CAPWAP IP DSCP header (configurable)
2
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 64
802.1p DSCP PayloadCAPWAP Encapsulated
DSCP 802.11 DSCP PayloadUP DSCP Payload
Two Options to Influence QoS Markings Upstream
Wired Network802.1Q Trunk802.1Q TrunkCAPWAP
64
CAPWAP EncapsulatedDSCP802.1p 802.11 DSCP Payload
Map UP to DSCP or Just Copy the original DSCP value
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 65
§ Windows Vista, 7, 8, 10 Jabber or Lync Client:Call Manager can be used to set DSCP, however . . .Global Policy Objects (GPOs) will override the DSCP
§ Mac OSX, iOS, and Android Jabber Client:Call Manager sets DSCP value
§ UP value is typically determined by the client’s OS and hardware drivers
Where Are DSCP and UP Values Set?
65
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 66
In Windows, DSCP is set globally by Group PolicyNote – WMM UP Value Cannot be Configured – Only DSCP
66
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 67
Example: Lync QoS Setting
§ Note: MS Windows applies DSCP value based on the UDP port range
§ Solution: use different port ranges for voice and video, resulting in the correct DSCP value
• In MS Windows, the WMM UP is derived from the 3 msb of the DSCP value
• DSCP ef (46) = [101 110] à 101 = UP 5
67
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 68
Microsoft Packet Capture In Upstream Direction
68
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 69
Summary of Typical WMM/11e UP Mappings Endpoint/Client Voice (EF) Video (AF41) Control (CS3)
Cisco Recommendation 6 5 4
Jabber/Spark iOS 10+ 6 5 5
Jabber/Spark for Android 6 5 3
Jabber/Spark for OSX 5 5 0
Jabber/Spark for Windows (desktop) 5 4 3
MS Lync / Skype for Business (Win 10) 5 4 3
Unified IP Phones (DX650, 9971) 6 5 4
Apple FaceTime (iPad) 6 5 5
Note: Apple Values based on iO
S 10.x
69
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 70
A Closer Look: Deploying Jabber or SfB on Microsoft*Note: DSCP is set globally by Group Policy
Application Recommended DSCP Value Resulting UP Value Recommended Values
Voice 46 (EF) 5 6 (AC_VO)
Video 34 (AF41) 4 5 (AC_VI)
Call Signaling 24 (CS3) 3 4 (AC_BE)
File Transfer (bulk data) 10 (AF11) 1 2 (AC_BK)
App Sharing Default (0) 0 0 (AC_BE)
70
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 71
SIP Signaling
Lync File Transfer
Interactive Video
Voice
Application Type
Scavenger
Lync App Sharing & BE
Streaming Video
Network Control
Voice(VO)
WMM Model +802.11e User Priority
Best Effort(BE)
Video (VI)
Background(BK)
UP 7
UP 5
UP 3
UP 2
UP 6
UP 4
UP 0
UP 1
CS3
AF11
AF41
EF
DSCP
CS1
DF
AF31
CS6
Example: Voice AC Is Is Unused in this Structure
71
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 72
Mismarking Impacts Wireless QoS
1. In this scenario voice packets get sent from the video AC
2. Voice frames have longer wait times and a greater chance of retries
EDCA / WMM AC AIFS Number CWmin CWmaxVoice 2 3 7
Video 2 7 15
Best Effort 3 15 1023
Background 7 15 1023
72
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 74
AireOS QoS History in a Nutshell
2007 2011 2012 20132005
802.11e/WMMreleased.SupportontheWi-Fiside
Differentialtreatmentforunmarkedtraffic
AVC(perapplicationmarking)
WirelesstoWiredmappingsupport(perprofile)
PeruserBWPeruser,profile,WLANQoSpolicies(BW+AVC)
20142001ThereisnoQoSinWi-Fi,everythingisDCF/BE
BEBE DCF
BEBE EDCA
EFCoS5 UP 6
“Voice SSID”
EFCoS5 UP 6
“Voice SSID”
BECoS4
UP 5
“Untagged=video”
1 M100k 100k
Common SSID1 M
200k200k
SkypeCoS5 UP 6
Common SSID
YoutubeCoS4
UP 5
2015 2016
QosmapsTrustUP?TrustDSCP?
MajorsimplificationsFastLane&QoSMapImprovements
74
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 75
1. QoS Mappings Fixing the issue with UP to DSCP inconsistency
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 76
Default UP to DSCP Mapping Problems
Voice Client Marked 46 (EF) UP = 5 Demoted to 34 (AF41)
Video Client Marked 34 (AF41) UP = 4 Demoted to 26 (AF31)
Signaling Client Marked 24 (CS3) UP = 3 Demoted to 18 (AF21)
76
802.1p DSCP PayloadCAPWAP Encapsulated
DSCP 802.11 DSCP PayloadUP DSCP Payload
Wired Network802.1Q Trunk802.1Q TrunkCAPWAP
CAPWAP EncapsulatedDSCP802.1p 802.11 DSCP Payload
34
546 34
446 46
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 77
802.1p DSCP PayloadCAPWAP Encapsulated
DSCP 802.11 DSCP PayloadUP DSCP Payload
A Good QoS Design Requires DSCP Consistency
Wired Network802.1Q Trunk802.1Q TrunkAccess mode
77
CAPWAP EncapsulatedDSCP802.1p 802.11 DSCP Payload
• This approach greatly simplifies QoS design and removes unexpected mapping behaviors
• Introduced in AireOS 8.1MR, but greatly improved in 8.4
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 78
QoS Map Configuration
Copy inner DSCP to CAPWAP DSCP (changes default behavior)This is the recommended deployment model
78
Note: this screen has been significantly
updated in AireOS 8.4
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 79
Trust DSCP Solves the Windows Problem (mostly)
Video-Quality QoS(handled by the Video AC)
Voice-Quality QoS
Recommended and Available as of AireOS 8.1MR
79
802.1p DSCP PayloadCAPWAP Encapsulated
DSCP 802.11 DSCP PayloadUP DSCP Payload
Wired Network802.1Q Trunk802.1Q TrunkCAPWAP
CAPWAP EncapsulatedDSCP802.1p 802.11 DSCP Payload
46
546 46
46 46
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 80
QoS Map Menu, Cont’d
Customize the UP to DSCP mapping (likely won’t use this very often)
80
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 81
Some Mystery Platforms Mark UP but not DSCP
802.1p DSCP PayloadCAPWAP Encapsulated
DSCP 802.11 DSCP PayloadUP DSCP Payload
Wired Network802.1Q Trunk802.1Q TrunkCAPWAP
CAPWAP EncapsulatedDSCP802.1p 802.11 DSCP Payload
46
50 46
0 0
AVC on the WLC to correct inner DSCP
UP to DSCP Mapping modifies CAPWAP DSCP
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 82
2. QoS ProfilesLimit Max. DSCP on CAPWAP and in turn the 802.11 UP Value
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 83
Configure the QoS Profile§The main purpose of the QoS
profile is to limit the maximum DSCP allowed on a CAPWAP tunnel, and thus limit the 802.11 UP value
§QoS profiles may be used and applied to each WLAN (SSID)
Recommendation: For enterprise class, mixed-use WLANs, use the Platinum profile, for hotspots, use Silver or Bronze
83
Max DSCP values per profile
DSCP 10DSCP 34DSCP 46DSCP 0
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 84
802.1p DSCP PayloadCAPWAP Encapsulated
DSCP 802.11 DSCP PayloadUP DSCP Payload
Example: Effect of “Gold” ProfileNote: DSCP trust model (dot1p CoS tagging on WLC not in use here)
Wired Network
UP DSCP Payload
802.1Q Trunk
46
CAPWAP EncapsulatedDSCP802.1p
802.1Q TrunkCAPWAP
CAPWAP EncapsulatedDSCP
463446
4646
6
5 34
34 46
84
802.11 DSCP Payload46
802.11 DSCP Payload 802.1p DSCP Payload
CAPWAP EncapsulatedDSCP802.1p 802.11 DSCP Payload34 46
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 85
Configure the QoS Profile PageCreate default bandwidth contracts for each user or each SSID§ Note bandwidth contracts are
bidirectional (set them only for data / hotspot networks)
Set the maximum priority for WMM and non-WMM clients(more on this later)
Profile NameMax DownstreamDSCP Value
Max UpstreamDSCP Value
Platinum / Voice 46 (EF) 46 (EF)
Gold / Video 34 (AF41) 34 (AF41)
Silver / Best Effort 0 (CS0) 18 (AF21)Bronze / Background 10 (AF11) 10 (AF11)
85
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 8686
802.1p DSCP PayloadCAPWAP Encapsulated
DSCP 802.11 DSCP PayloadUP DSCP Payload
Wired Network802.1Q Trunk802.1Q TrunkCAPWAP
CAPWAP EncapsulatedDSCP802.1p 802.11 DSCP Payload
46
X0 46
50 0
Dealing With Non-WMM Clients
The Client is Not WMM capable, but AP automatically maps the CAPWAP DSCP to EF (46) If LAN switch is set to
trust CoS, BitTorrent becomes DSCP EF
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 87
Alloy QoS: Apply QoS Control For Non-WMM Clients
§Maximum Priority allows you to customize the upper limit QoS marking for a QoS policy
Sets the default QoS markings for all non-WMM clients
Sets maximum DSCP & UP values for WMM clients
Recommendation: • Use Alloy QoS to treat non-WMM clients as best effort (DSCP and UP
values default to zero).• If the client doesn’t support QoS, don’t try to give them QoS!
87
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 88
Wired QoS Protocol Field (legacy - do not use)
§ Upstream, this caps the CoS value of the 802.1p trunk.
§ Downstream, this value sets the CAPWAP DSCP upper limit (mapped from the incoming CoS value)
§ If set to “none”, the CoS field is marked to zero for the trunk.
§ Upstream, towards the wired network, the trunk CoS value is mapped from the CAPWAP DSCP value.
§ CoS limits the QoS design to eight classes§ Recommendation: set this to none,
unless you cannot trust DSCP for some extraordinary reason
88
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 89
Apply the QoS Profile to the WLAN
§Choose the QoS profile you want to apply for this WLAN
§ In this example, the “Platinum” profile is selected
§This sets the ceiling on all traffic to DSCP 46 (up and downstream) and UP to 6 (downstream only)
§You can also set the bi-directional per-user and per-SSID bandwidth contracts from this screen (usually not needed)
89
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 90
Decide What to do with Non-WMM Clients
§ WMM is critical for QoS - it enables 802.11e UP
§ “Allowed” permits a mix QoS capable and non-QoS capable devices on same WLAN
§ 802.11n and 802.11ac both enforce WMM
§ Non-WMM clients are already limited by the “unicast default priority” feature
90
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 91
3. AireOS AVC
Application Visibility and Control Discover which applications are running on your corporate and guest WLANsPrioritize critical wireless apps and de-prioritize non-business appsMonitor voice and video performance on the WLAN
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 92
Application Visibility & Control (AVC)Deep Packet Inspection in the wireless controller – allows application identification, remarking, rate limiting, and dropping of unwanted trafficLeverages the IOS NBAR2 Engine – same list of traffic signatures as IOS & XE
Protocol packs are used to update signatures (more than 1,400 today)
92
• Discover which applications are running on your corporate and guest WLANs
• Prioritize critical wireless apps and de-prioritize non-business apps
• Monitor voice and video performance on the WLAN
AVC In The Wireless LAN Controller
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 93
AVC Example: Build A Multimedia AVC Policy
More Key Points To Know:
• Applications are grouped by class (such as “voice-and-video” shown here)
• From AireOS 7.6 Protocol Packs are used for signature updates
• Approx. 1400+ AVC Signatures available today
93
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 94
A Simple AVC Remarking Example:
§AVC has three basic control capabilities:1. Modify the inner packet’s DSCP to a
custom value 2. Drop the packet3. Rate Limit
§E.g. Mark MS Lync Media to Gold (DSCP 34)
94
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 95
Expanded AVC Example:
MS Lync Policy
Cisco Jabber and IP Phone Policy
Unwanted applications Policy – drop or police
AVC can be applied in upstream, downstream, or both directions
AVC can drop unwanted traffic
AVC has ability to police applications bi-directionally
Note: AireOS 8.x is shown here95
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 96
AVC Example Cont’d: Apply The AVC Policy
1. Navigate to the QoS policy for the WLAN where you want to apply the AVC policy
2. Enable AVC
3. Apply the AVC policy you created to this QoS policy
96
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 98
4. AireOSBandwith Controls
You can limit BW downstream (from WLC and down) and/or Upstream (at the AP):
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 99
AireOS Bandwidth Control PointsYou can limit BW downstream (from WLC and down) and/or Upstream (at AP):
Upstream is an “indirect method”:
Limits can be applied at profile level, WLAN level, user level, based on device profile or user profile, using local profiling or AAA overrideCan target “real time” (i.e. UDP) or “Data” (i.e. TCP) trafficCan be “Average” or “Burst” (last second budget excess)You CAN do it, but should you? Marking down is the preferred method
Don’t send!
I decide, alone, when to send (thank
you CSMA/CA)
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 100
Bandwidth Control – Per UserMany places to configure bandwidth controls . . .
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 101
Bandwidth Control – Per Device Type• You can also identify connecting devices, from the WLC or though Cisco ISE, and create a
policy based on what they are:
How to identify that deviceWhat policy to apply
~ 100 device types supported
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 102
Configuring Policies• You can then apply the policies to the WLANs, in the order you want them to be applied, up to
16 policies per WLAN:
• Each policy can groupseveral devices
Set the index
Pick the policy, then click Add
102
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 103
Bandwidth Control – AAA Override• With AAA Override, Upstream/Downstream BW values can be returned from ISE along with
user profile:
103
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 104
5. AireOS CAC
Call Admission Control
Part of 802.11e, purpose is to reserve bandwidth for devices running real time applications
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 105
CAC Quick RecapCAC was part of 802.11e, purpose is to reserve bandwidth for devices running real time applicationsRelies on Add Traffic Stream (ADDTS) exchange, containing Traffic Classification (TCLAS) section and Traffic Specification (TSPEC) elementKeep in mind that applications and OSes are not all network-aware
RF Load Level
ADDTS (TSpec)
Accept or Reject
ACM Enabled
RTP Traffic(no ADDTS)
105
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 106
CAC Configuration - Voice
Up to 90% (static) or 85% (load-based) BW
Use load-based for TSpec … but Static for SIP non-WMM!
106
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 107
802.1p DSCP PayloadCAPWAP Encapsulated
DSCP 802.11 DSCP PayloadUP DSCP Payload
Wired Network
UP DSCP Payload
802.1Q Trunk
46
CAPWAP EncapsulatedDSCP802.1p
802.1Q TrunkCAPWAP
CAPWAP EncapsulatedDSCP
464646
4646
6
0 46
34 46
107
802.11 DSCP Payload46
802.11 DSCP Payload 802.1p DSCP Payload
CAPWAP EncapsulatedDSCP802.1p 802.11 DSCP Payload34 46
Caution: CAC Enabled and a non-TSpec ClientEnabling CAC limits downstream of non-TSpec clients to BE, even with Platinum Profile
Best Effort (BE)
Voice (VO)
Non-TSpecClients Platinum
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 108
CAC Configuration - Video
Important CAC Recommendation: • Very, very few video clients use
TSPEC (ADDTS)• Only enable Video CAC if you know
that your client supports it, otherwise you will get BE downstream
108
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 109
6. EDCA Enhanced Distributed Channel Access and TXOP (Transmit Opportunity)
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 110
Tweaking the EDCA Parameters (Cont.)• Wireless > 802.11a | 802.11bg > EDCA Parameters
AC AIFSN CwMin CwMax TXOPVO 2 2 3 47VI 2 3 4 94BE 3 4 10 0BK 7 4 10 0
AC AIFSN CwMin CwMax TXOPVO 2 2 4 0VI 5 3 5 0BE 5 6 10 0BK 12 8 10 0
AC AIFSN CwMin CwMax TXOPVO 2 2 4 0VI 5 3 5 0BE 12 6 10 0BK 12 8 10 0
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 111
Implications of WMM EDCA Configuration
If you are voice, you can keep sending for up to 1.5 ms (47 x 32 µs)
If you are video, you can send chunks of up to 3 ms (94 x 32 µs)
If you are best effort of background, you can only send one frame at a time (0 grouping)
• 802.11n (2009) and 802.11ac (2013) allow “blocks” (one ‘train’ of many frame-wagons)
• Now, your voice and video queues are limited in time consumption…while your BE/BK queues can send ‘one’ frame of (somewhat) ‘unlimited’ duration
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 112
802.11-2016 EDCA
• Example on 802.11a/n/ac network• (TXOP values depend on what 802.11 protocol is enabled)
TECEWN-
112
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 113
Tweaking the EDCA Parameters
Recommendation: • Use the EDCA profile to Fastlane (as
of AireOS 8.3)
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 115
Apple / Cisco Partnership – Three Key Enhancements
3. Centralized iOS App Policy Control
Better Roaming through Adaptive 11r
Proper QoS Handling
1. Enhanced QoS for iOS 10+
2. Improved Roaming
IT Administrator control of applications and QoS
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 116
Improved QoS UP and DSCP Markings (iOS 10+)Endpoint/Client Voice (EF) Video (AF41) Control (CS3)
Cisco Recommendation 6 5 4
Jabber for iOS 10+ (iPad, iPhone) 6 5 5
Jabber for Android 6 5 3
Jabber for OSX 5 5 0
Jabber for Windows (desktop) 5 4 3
MS Lync / Skype for Business (Win 10) 5 4 3
Unified IP Phones (DX650, 9971) 6 5 4
Apple FaceTime (iPad) 6 5 5
116
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 117
Improved Roaming Performance
• In 802.11, delay in roaming causes poor experience, especially for rich-media real-time applications. Interoperability increases complexity and prevents adoption.
Standards to the rescue?• 802.11k – Know about neighboring APs as you join the cell! No time wasted
scanning when roaming is needed• 802.11v – Allows configuration of device while connected to a WLAN• 802.11r – Fast Roaming / Transition (FT) without need to reauthenticate
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 118
802.11k, 802.11v, 802.11r help efficient roaming
802.11r enables fast roaming without complete reauth802.11k sends you list of neighbors802.11v BSS Transition sends you the new best AP Cisco-AP-2 to connect to
Association
Fast Transition (802.11r)Cisco-AP-1 Cisco-AP-2
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 119
Association
Apple / Cisco Innovation: Adaptive 802.11r
Legacy client cannotjoin the same SSID where 11r is enabled
I recognize that you are an Apple device11r is enabled for you
802.11k, 802.11v are on by default
Legacy client that does not support 11r/k/v canjoin the same SSID
Cisco-APNon-Cisco-AP
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 120
Roaming Performance : 10x Better end-user Browsing and App Experience
QoS, 802.11r/k/vNo QoS, No 802.11r/k/v
Time (s)*
*Time Interval between last packet on previous AP, and first packet on next AP
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 121
FastLane Best Practices Configuration in AireOS
1. Configure Platinum Profile for Voice ->UP 6, Multicast and non-WMM unicast -> BE
2. Remove bandwidth limitation for UDP on Platinum Profile3. Apply Platinum Profile to your WLAN4. Apply EDCA 802.11revmc TXOP values to both bands5. Enable Voice CAC, with 50% BW / 6% roaming limits6. Trust DSCP upstream7. Create an optimized UP-DSCP map, applied downstream8. Create an optimized AVC profile for well-known applications
(AUTOQOS-AVC-PROFILE)
If you expect iOS devices in your cell, one click does it all:
TECEWN-3010 121
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 122
FastLaneEnabling FastLane enables best practice QoS configglobally:Platinum profile sets Max Priority to voice (UP 6), non-WMM and multicast to BE, 802.1p disabled, bandwidth contracts disabledEDCA profile is set to FastLane
TECEWN-
122
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 123
FastLane• Enabling FastLane enables
best practice QoS configglobally:
• DSCP is trusted upstream (instead of UP)
• DSCP to UP mapping is configured based on IETF recommendations (standards-based DSCP values mapped to IEEE values; non-standard DSCP values mapped to BE)
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 124
FastLane• When FastLane is enabled
on a WLAN, an AVC AUTOQOS-AVC-PROFILEis also created
• You can add this profile to your WLAN, or use another profile*
• It is also possible to customize the Auto AVC profile if necessary
* 8.3 mandated the use of the AUTOQOS-AVC-PROFILE on FastLane WLANs, 8.3MR removes this limitation
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 125
FastLane CAC• Enabling FastLane enables
best practice QoS configglobally:
• ACM is enabled on both bands (load-based), with max RF bandwidth 50% and roaming bandwidth to 6%
• Expedited bandwidth is enabled
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 126
• FastLane-enabled Apple IOS devices mark QoS correctly• DSCP 46 / UP 6 is real voice traffic• We trust this traffic, even without TSPEC
• Behavior:• DSCP 46 / UP 6 traffic coming from Apple iOS FastLane devices gets DSCP
46 / UP 6 end-to-end (with or without TSPEC)• DSCP 46 / UP 6 traffic, without TSPEC, coming from other devices gets BE
(0) downstream
Important!!!Differences With FastLane Handling of CAC
126
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 127
iOS 10 Fastlane – Trusting Voice trafficPlatinum Profile – Voice Stream – CAC Enabled, iOS 10 client, AireOS 8.3
127
802.1p DSCP PayloadCAPWAP Encapsulated
DSCP 802.11 DSCP PayloadUP DSCP Payload
Wired Network
UP DSCP Payload
802.1Q Trunk
CAPWAP EncapsulatedDSCP802.1p
802.1Q TrunkAccess mode
CAPWAP EncapsulatedDSCP 802.11 DSCP Payload 802.11 DSCP Payload 802.1p DSCP Payload
CAPWAP EncapsulatedDSCP802.1p 802.11 DSCP Payload
4646465 546466 46
4646 46
66 646 465 5 46
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 129
Cisco and Apple Togetherfor a Better End-User Experience
Improve device efficiency through
joint tested standards-based
functionality
Analyze and prioritize Apple-
based applications
Minimize impact of Apple upgrades by
accessing local instances on Cisco® ASRs
Display content from Apple
devices Wirelessly
© 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Click - https://www.youtube.com/user/CiscoWLAN/
© 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Reduce Cost &Complexity
• Cisco CMX Solution https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KQRb8vfU0qM
• CMX Hyperlocation vs RSSI Demo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ls7EHbSK4A
• Cisco Dual 5GHz Wi-Fi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbpjiETvDXc
• Cisco Aironet AP-3800 RF Excellence https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBpGsTKeyNM&t=64s
• Digital Network Architecture with Wave2 with 802.11ac https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySjN13hPhXY&t=2s
• Cisco Aironet Series – Flexible Radio Assignment https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_-BykT_YIM
• TechWiseTV: Apple and Cisco: Fast-Tracking the Mobile Enterprise https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bh8rEvrzm7Y&feature=youtu.be
• Prioritized Business Apps https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0EOKNxL964&feature=youtu.be
• Apple and Cisco: Three Solutions Coming Together https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MgsDkf55wQ&feature=youtu.be
• WiFi Optimized Feature https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgPfxAolJoQ&feature=youtu.be
Faster Innovation
VoD Links
Lower Risk
• Fastlane App Demo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N1QMUcv3aRQ
• Cisco APIC-EM Wireless PnP Demo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_9P2-bU66PU
• Cisco Aironet Plug and Play Cloud Redirection https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W7fBZ6xfSxw
• Wireless LAN Controller Dashboard Review https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=af09TBaafRI&feature=youtu.be
• Cisco Wireless Mobile App https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HyvZ4mbVAWs
• WLC Advanced UI Client Troubleshooting https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dZVxI6jOx_Q
• ISE Simplified Wireless Setup https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3F2DrFu7Lo&feature=youtu.be
• Cisco Wireless TrustSec Demo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3F2DrFu7Lo&feature=youtu.be
• Cisco Wireless Netflow Lancope Integration Demo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TuWYkrt94CQ
• OpenDNS Integration with WLC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cMdX8sBBYG4
© 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
• 5520 WLC• 8540 WLC• AP1570• AP1810 OE• AP1810W Wall Plate• AP1850• AP2700/3700• AP2800/3800• AP702W• APIC-EM Wireless AP PnP• Flex7500 WLC • Mesh APs• Mobility Express• Smart Licensing• Univ. AP Regulatory Domain• Virtual WLC
Cisco Wireless LAN DocumentationINSTALLATION GUIDES
• 802.11r BSS Fast Transition• Adaptive wIPS• ATF Ph 1 & 2• CleanAir• CMX FastLocate• High Density• Rogue Management• RRM RF Grouping Algorithm• RRM White Paper
RADIO CONFIGURATION
• BYOD for FlexConnect• BYOD with ISE• Security Integration
ENCRYPTION
• Bi-Directional Rate Limiting • Flex AP-EoGRE Tunnel Gtwy• IPv6• Jabber• Jabber and UCM• Microsoft Lync• Passpoint Configuration• Real-Time Traffic Over WLAN• VideoStream • Vocera IP Phone in WLAN• VoWLAN Troubleshooting
CLIENT ADDRESSING POLICY ENGINE• AVC• Bonjour • Chromecast• Device Classification• Domain Filtering• mDNS Gateway w/Chromecast• Wireless Device Profiling & Policy Classification
BEST PRACTICES• Apple Devices• Enterprise Mobility Design Guide• High Availability (SSO)• HyperLocation• iPhone 6 Roaming• N+1 High Availability• WLAN Express• WLC Configuration Best Practices
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