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Adaptation = genetic trait that improves an
organism’s chance at survival and
reproduction
Not a real
adaptation
2
If females prefer large elaborate tails, then
those are the males that pass their genes on
get bigger and more elaborate with each
generation
5
Species that are best adapted to their
environment have a better chance at survival
and reproduction
“environment” includes habitat, climate,
presence of predators or competitors,
availability of resources, natural disasters
These factors can change
Species that do not adapt do not survive
DIVERSITY is required for adaptation!
7
Peppered moth
example
It’s important
to remember
that no moth
changed its
colour
The number of moths of each colour changed
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Niche = an organisms role in an ecosystem
Examples: top predator, pollinator, decomposer,
mussel consumer, cave dweller, etc.
If two species occupy the same niche AND
resources are limited COMPETITION
Limits the size and health of an individual
and/or population
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Luongo’s niche? Goalie
His competition? Schneider (same niche)
If Luongo’s playing well, Luongo plays more. If Schneider doesn’t perform well, Luongo plays more.
How well the
Sedins play has
no effect on how
much ice time
Luongo gets
(DIFFERENT NICHE)
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What effect would each of the following have on the competition level for Luongo?
If the canucks were allowed 5 backup goalies competition would increase (more individuals
occupying same niche)
If the canucks were allowed to play two goalies at once competition would decrease (more resources = less
competition)
If the canucks were only allowed to dress one goalie instead of two competition would increase (fewer resources = more
competition)
11
Foreign species (Introduced species) =
species that are not native to an ecosystem
Invasive species = species which harms its
new ecosystem
How? It out-competes native species
Have an advantage because they have no
predators/consumers
Humans cause introduction of species to new
ecosystems worldwide
12
PRIMARY – ecosystem begins as bare rock (no soil)
First settlers (pioneer species) create soil
Eventually climax community including all types/sizes of plants and consumers
SECONDARY – same as primary but soil is already present
Occurs after events such as forest fires
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Pioneer species
growing in lava rock
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