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Building Multilingual Websites WithDrupal
Sam Murray / Developer, Cogapp
DrupalCamp Brighton 2015
0
What we'll coverContext - sites we've worked on at Cogapp over the last few yearsWhy multilingual websites?Drupal 7 - multilingual out of the boxContent translation vs. Entity translationUseful modulesRight-to-Left scriptsDrupal 8
Cogapp +Multilingual Drupal
Qatar Digital Library
Qatar Digital Library
Qatar Museums
Qatar Museums
Kubota Collection
Kubota Collection
Relate: What's Next?
Relate: What's Next?
App PublisherEnglish
French
German
Chinese (Simplified)
Hebrew
and more...
Why multilingualwebsites?
Non-English speaking web users~75% web content was English in 1998
Now roughly 30%
Arabic web users:
Fastest increase in top 10 languages of the net2000: 2,560,337 users2013: 135,610,819 users> 10x faster than increase in English speakers online
http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats7.htm
Language extinctionOnly 5% of the world's languages represented online
Unesco: up to half of the world's languages extinct by the end of the century
Diverse web prevents cultural and economic hegemony and inequality
Vannini L., Le Crosnier H. Net.Lang: Towards The Multilingual Cyberspace. C&F Éditions: Caen, France.2012
Multilingual Drupal
Locale module (core)Add languages to your siteTranslate the Drupal interfaceLanguage detection and selectionURL format (fr.example.com or example.com/fr)
Language installation interface
Interface translation
<?php t('This is translatable'); ?><?php t('My name is @name', array('@name' => $name)); ?>
Content Translation (core)Associate a node with a languageRelate translations of content to each other
Content translationvs. Entity translation
Content translationCore module in Drupal 6 and 7; not in Drupal 8Provides ability for you to translate nodesEach translation of a node is a node in itselfPro: easier for language site to differCon: only nodes are translatable
Enable translation on a content type
Entity translationContrib module in Drupal 7 (beta); core in Drupal 8Provides ability for you to translate fieldable entitiesDefine which fields can be translated
Pro: far more can be translatedPro: core support in D8Con: D7 core search and revisions not supportedCon: D7 all translations must be provided before any can be pubishedCon: D7 properties can't be translated
global $language; // Site languageglobal $language_content; // Content language
$entity->field_body['fr'][0]['value'];$entity->field_body[$language->language][0]['value'];$entity->field_body[$language_content->language][0]['value'];
$emw->field_body->value(); // Uses $language (site language)
Enable translation on a content type
Enable translation on a field
Adding a translation (Arabic)
Entity translation interface
Choose a method and stick with it
Handy modules
Internationalization modules (i18n,i18n_*)
Extends multilingual support in Drupal 6 + 7Taxonomy translationMultilingual blocksMultilingual variablesSome overlaps with Entity Translation module, but the 2 work together
Localization clientOn-page interface translation
Gotchas
GotchasContent editing when site language != content language (e.g. entity
references)
Menu translation - various methods, none perfect
Fonts (particurly webfonts) - do they have all of the characters you need?Including bold? Including light? .ttf? .svg? .eot?
Right-to-Left scripts
LTR / RTL
Lorem ipsum... ----->
يیذذكرر ووقامم أأيي... ----->
RTL Scripts/LanguagesArabic Script ==> Arabic, Persian, Urdu
Hebrew Script ==> Hebrew, Yiddish
Thaana Script ==> Dhivehi (Maldives)
Syriac Script ==> Syriac (ancient Aramaic language)
ArabicBasic alphabet = 28 charactersEastern Arabic numbers - Left-to-Right!CaselessItalics = :(Some punctuation marks are differentComma = ،٬Question mark = ؟Mostly uses the same punctuation marks used in English
RTL on the webHTML 'dir' attribute
<html dir="rtl"></html> <p dir="ltr"></p>
CSS 'direction' property
CSS 'unicode-bidi' property
div { direction:rtl; unicode-bidi: bidi-override; }
Unicode left-to-right mark - HTML ‎
Unicode right-to-left mark - HTML ‏
These go before a character to specify where it should be placed in
relation to the previous character
Problems with bi-directionality
Some "English" يیذذكرر ووقامم أأيي
<p dir="ltr">Some "English" يذكر وقام أي</p>
Some "English" يیذذكرر ووقامم أأيي
<p dir="rtl">Some "English" يذكر وقام أي</p>
Drupal 8
Drupal 8Content translation is obsoleteEntity translation out of the boxMuch wider support for translation across the different Drupal elements4 core moduleshttp://www.drupal8multilingual.org/
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