Bridging the Paper-Digital Divide

CSCW Seminar 2007, March 27, 2007

Bridging the Paper-Digital DivideCSCW Seminar

Beat Signer

Global Information Systems Research Group

ETH Zurich

http://vub.academia.edu/BeatSigner

CSCW Seminar 2007, March 27, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch

Lecture Schedule

Student Projects

Basic technologies and infrastructure

iGesture recognition framework (www.igesture.org)

integration of different tracking technologies

iServer resource plug-ins, …

Paper-based applications

PaperPoint, paper-based interface to digital

agenda/todo list (e.g. Outlook), paper-digital

notebook, paper-digital photo album, …

We offer Master and Semester projects and are also looking for Hilfsassistenten

CSCW Seminar 2007, March 27, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch 4

The Paperless Office (1975)

The "Paperless Office" (2003)

Worldwide Paper Consumption

Per capita consumption

of paper and board by

region, 1989 and 1999

Source: The Paper

Federation of Great

Britain, Nov 2000

The Myth of the Paperless Office

For decades, people have predicted the

office of the future as a paperless office

documents generated, published and

distributed electronically

documents read electronically

What has happened to this

imminent revolution?

Affordances of Paper

The physical properties of an object determine

how people use that object

Properties of paper

light, flexible, robust, porous, opaque, transparent, ….

Human actions

grasping, folding, tearing, carrying, writing, on ….

Paper supports forms of collaboration and

interaction difficult to mimic in the digital world

Working Together with Paper

Spatial Layout of Documents

The History of Paper

3000 BC

papyrus produced in Egypt

AD 105

paper invented in China (wood pulp)

paper imported to Japan

The History of Paper …

arab traders bring paper to Europe

first paper mill in europe (Spain)

Johannes Gutenberg develops the printing press

increasing demand for paper

19th century

paper gets cheaper (new paper making machines)

Paper and Digital Media

Paper Digital Media

readability interactivity

portability dynamic presentation

cheap search functionality

flicking through pages easy to update

multiple documents with spatial order typsetting systems

persistency fast distribution

privacy/security storing large amounts of data

… …

"As We May Think" (1945)

Vannevar Bush

The Atlantic Monthly

July 1945

memex (memory extender)

Integrating Paper and Digital Media

Complementary character of paper and digital

information

Time has only confirmed this early indication of paper’s importance

in the digital office. While other print technologies have come to

compete with it, laser printer sales have increased twelve-fold in the

past decade. If the digital office from PARC to the present is anything

to go by, bits and atoms, the digital and the material, don’t seem so

much in opposition as in tandem. Despite confident claims that their

only relationship is one of replacement and dismissal, the two look

much more like complementary resources.

The Social Life of Information, Brown and Duguid, 2002

Augmenting the Physical Space

Embedding computing functionality in everyday

objects instead of digitising the physical

environment

At breakfast Sal reads the news. She still prefers the paper form, as do

most people. She spots an interesting quote from a columnist in the

business section. She wipes her pen over the newspaper’s name, date,

section, and page number and then circles the quote. The pen sends a

message to the paper, which transmits the quote to her office.

The Computer for the 21st Century, Weiser, 1991

Paper-Digital Integration Technologies

Document (object) identification / tracking

barcodes

RFID tags

optical tracking

Within-document position tracking

relative/absolute positions

support for mobility

Paper-Digital Integration Technologies …

Writing capture

optical approaches (e.g. scanner)

position tracking

Within-document information encoding

positional information

arbitrary digital information (e.g. sound clips)

Paper-Digital Integration Technologies …

Electronic paper

electronic ink (E-ink)

electrochromic displays (e.g. from Acreo)

electrowetting

E-books

Sony LIBRIé eBook reader (based on E-ink)

Augmented Paper Applications

Reading

links to additional digital information and services

digital links between paper documents

Writing

enhanced paper-based notebooks (e.g. with audio

capture)

paper-based form filling (e.g. FAS, Hewlett Packard)

Augmented Paper Applications …

Annotation

proofreading of documents

annotation of research papers

Paper-based user interfaces

Palette and PaperPoint

Video Mosaic

Cross-Media Publishing

BBC Blue Planet series

television series

- available on video/DVD

web site

- fact files- quizzes- games

Open University course book and CD

Digital/Physical Document Lifecycle

Multiple digital/physical editing iteration cycles

Digital and paper-based user interface

Support for collaborative editing

Digital Document

Printed Document

Bridging the Paper-Digital Divide

Many projects focus on the input device, paper,

printing and other hardware technologies rather

than on the data integration and information

management aspects isolated solutions

The linking of paper tends to be based on

physical rather than logical concepts not easy

to change to another input device technology

Bridging the Paper-Digital Divide …

"The key to a highly integrated interactive paper

solution lies in the introduction of a platform for

general cross-media information management

introducing fundamental link concepts in

combination with other database functionality"

Support all possible types of links between

paper and digital media

paper-to-digital, digital-to-paper, digital-to-digital and

paper-to-paper

Palette

Control of electronic slide-shows by manipulating

physical cards

Nelson et al.

FieldMouse (Absolute Mouse)

Combination of an ID recognizer (e.g. barcode reader)

and a mouse detecting relative movement of the device

Used in IconStickers, Scroll Browser and Active Book

projectsTamagawa University, Tokyo, Japan

Active Book

DigitalDesk

"Instead of making the workstation more like a desk,

make the desk more like a workstation"

Wellner, EuroPARC

Listen Reader

Combines the look and feel of a real book with an

interactive soundtrack

Electric field sensors in the book binding

RFID tags embedded in each page

Quicktionary

Datasound Strip-Reader

Two-dimensional matrix code

Digital information (sound, text, images, etc.) can be

encoded in strips

Datasound strip

Electronic Paper

TOPPAN wall-sized electronic

paper display, Expo 2005, Japan Citizen curved watch

Sony LIBRIé eBook Reader

Video Mosaic

Use paper storyboards to control an on-line video editing

system

Based on the EVA system developed at MIT

Mackay and Pagani

LeapPad

"Magic pen" uncovers the sounds and words on the page

FLY Pentop Computer

Everything integrated into

the pen

Voice feedback

Applications on cartridges

english to spanish translator

calculator (draw interface)

Tourists and Maps

Previsit

activity planning

layout and social zones of city

locator, proximity, navigation and event tasks

Postvisit

share experience with family and friends

Edinburgh Fringe Festival

World's largest

international arts festival

4 weeks

~1700 events

~27000 performances

EdFest Components

EdFest Booklet

EdFest User Trials

References

Fundamental Concepts for Interactive Paper and

Cross-Media Information Spaces, B. Signer,

Diss ETH Zurich Nr. 16218, 2006

The Myth of the Paperless Office, A.J. Sellen

and R. Harper, MIT Press, November 2001

Writing Space: Computers, Hypertext and the

Remediation of Print, J.D. Bolter, Second

Edition, 2001

References …

Scrolling Forward: Making Sense of Documents

in the Digital Age, D.M. Levy, Arcade Publishing,

October 2001

How to Read a Book, M.J. Adler and C. Van

Doren, Revised Edition, Simon and Schuster,

New York, 1972

As We May Think, V. Bush, Atlantic Monthly,

July 1945

Next Lecture

May 8, Technologies I : Augmented Paper

Document Tracking, Mario Deuss

Within-Document Information Encoding, Philip Stutz

Bridging the Paper-Digital Divide

Technology

BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE A Basic Understanding

AKSHAYA Bridging the Digital Divide- Full View

Masiphumelele community library: Bridging the Digital Divide

CMO Report: Bridging the Digital Divide

OLPC Oceania: Bridging the Digital Divide

Bridging the Physical-Digital Divide: For UX

Local Authorities, Bridging the Digital Divide

Bridging the Digital Divide - E-LISeprints.rclis.org/14349/1/Singh_Klingenberg_ICDL2010... · 2012-12-14 · Bridging the Digital Divide Digital Libraries in Information Literacy

Bridging Digital Divide Infographics - Ageing Better

Bridging Singapore’s Digital Divide in Government Services

"Walmart's Digital Transformation - Bridging the Digital / Physical Divide"

Bridging the Digital Divide for Automotive Dealers

Bridging the Digital Divide - Dynamic Spectrum Alliancedynamicspectrumalliance.org/wp...the-Digital-Divide... · Bridging the Digital Divide: through access to finance Chijioke Egejuru,

Bridging the Rural Digital Divide

Bridging the Digital Divide : a HackforMN Project

Bridging the Gender Digital Divide - it.dadeschools.netit.dadeschools.net/girlsit/girlsinthedigitalage.pdf · Bridging the Gender Digital Divide Data Sheet The Cisco® Networking

Bridging the Digital Divide Working Document-10-2-13crcamerica.org/wp-content/uploads/Bridging_the_Digital_Divide_Jan...Bridging the Digital Divide ... mobile internet traffic alone

Bridging the Digital Divide – Policies and Actions

Ericsson ConsumerLab: Bridging the Digital Divide

Bridging the digital divide for e-learning students ...eprints.mdx.ac.uk/20966/1/Bridging the digital divide for e... · Bridging the digital divide for e-learning students through