Bipolar Drive Circuit Simulation using PSpice

Bipolar Stepping Motor Drive Circuit Simulation

PSpice VersionVCC

U1BI-POLAR_STEP_MOTRL = 10mR = 8.4

SDIODE

HYS_I-CTRL

I_SET = {I_SET}VHYS = {VHYS}

HYS_I-CTRL

SDIODE

PARAMETERS:

RON = 10m

PARAMETERS:

I_SET = 0.5

VHYS = 0.1

HYS_I-CTRL

SDIODE

HYS_I-CTRL

SDIODE

U151-PHASEPPS = 100

Unipolar Stepping Motor Drive Circuit

Contents

1. Concept of Simulation

2. Unipolar Stepping Motor Drive Circuit

3. Unipolar Stepping Motor

4. Switches

5. Signal Generator

6. Hysteresis-Based Current Controller

7. Unipolar Stepping Motor Drive Circuit (Example)

7.1 One-Phase Sequence Drive, IPHASE=0.5A, IRIPPLE=0.1A

7.2 Two-Phase Sequence Drive, IPHASE=0.5A, IRIPPLE=0.1A

7.3 Half-Phase Sequence Drive, IPHASE=0.5A, IRIPPLE=0.1A

8. Drive Circuit Efficiency

Driver Unit:(e.g. Hysteresis-

Based Controller)

Parameter:

• I_SET

• HYS

Switches(e.g. FET,

Diode)

Parameter:

• Ron

Stepping

Parameter:

Control Unit (e.g. Microcontroller)

Sequence:

• One-Phase

• Two-Phase

• Half-Step

U?1-PHASEPPS = 100

U?2-PHASEPPS = 100

U?HALF-STEPPPS = 100

Models:

Block Diagram:

DIODED1

SRON = 10m

Ctrl_A A

1.Concept of Simulation

HYS_I-CTRL

Ctrl_AFA

U?BI-POLAR_STEP_MOTRL = 10mR = 8.4

Signal generator Hysteresis Based Current Controller VCC

SDIODE

HYS_I-CTRL

SDIODE

PARAMETERS:

RON = 10m

PARAMETERS:

I_SET = 0.5

VHYS = 0.1

HYS_I-CTRL

SDIODE

HYS_I-CTRL

SDIODE

U151-PHASEPPS = 100

2.Unipolar Stepping Motor Drive Circuit

Bipolar Stepping Motor Supply VoltageH-Bridge Switches (Driver)

3.Bipolar Stepping Motor

• The electrical equivalent circuit of each phase consists

of an inductance of the phase winding series with

resistance.

• The inductance is ideal (without saturation

characteristics and the mutual inductance between

phases)

• The motor back EMF is set as zero to simplified the

model parameters extraction.

Input the inductance and resistance values (parameter: L, R) of the stepping motor, that are usually provided by the manufacturer datasheet, to generally model the phase winding.

U?BI-POLAR_STEP_MOTRL = 10mR = 8.4

4.Switches

• A near-ideal DIODE can be modeled by using

spice primitive model (D), which parameter:

N=0.01 RS=0.

• A near-ideal MOSFET can be modeled by using

PSpice VSWITCH that is voltage controlled

switch.

• MOSFETs are used as a H-Bridge.

The parameter RON represents Rds(on)characteristics of MOSFET, that are usually provide by the manufacturer datasheet. The value could be about 10m to 10 ohm.

RON = 10m

SDIODE

Ctrl_A

Ctrl_/A

5.Signal Generator

The signal generators are used as a microcontroller capable of generating step pulses

and direction signals for the driver.

There are 3 useful stepping sequences to control unipolar stepping motor

One-Phase (Wave Drive)

• Consumes the least power.

• Assures the accuracy regardless of the winding imbalance.

Two-Phase (Hi-Torque)

• Energizes 2 phases at the same time.

• Offers an improved torque-speed result and greater holding torque.U?1-PHASEPPS = 100

U?2-PHASEPPS = 100

U?HALF-STEPPPS = 100

Half-Step

• Doubles the stepping resolution of the motor.

• Reduces motor resonance which could cause a motor to stall at a resonant frequency.

• Please note that this sequence is 8 steps.

Input PPS (Pulse Per Second) as a clock pulse speed(frequency).

5.1 One-Phase Sequence

0s 40ms 80ms

V(/FB)

V(/FA)

V(CLK)

Phase A

Phase /A

Phase B

Phase /B

1 Sequence

0s 40ms 80ms

V(/FB)

V(/FA)

V(CLK)

5.2 Two-Phase Sequence

1 Sequence

Phase A

Phase /A

Phase B

Phase /BON

0s 80ms 160ms

V(/FB)

V(/FA)

V(CLK)

5.3 Half-Step Sequence

1 Sequence

Phase A

Phase /A

Phase B

Phase /BON

6.Hysteresis-Based Current Controller

• Controlled by the signal from the

microcontroller.

• Generate the switch (MOSFET) drive signal

by comparing the measured phase current

with their references.

Input the reference value at the I_SET (e.g. I_SET=0.5A) to set the regulated current level. The hysteresis current value is set at the VHYS (e.g. VHYS=0.1A).

HYS_I-CTRL

I_SET = 0.5VHYS = 0.1

Ctrl_AFA

SDIODE

HYS_I-CTRL

SDIODE

PARAMETERS:

RON = 10m

PARAMETERS:

I_SET = 0.5

VHYS = 0.1

HYS_I-CTRL

SDIODE

HYS_I-CTRL

SDIODE

U151-PHASEPPS = 100

*Analysis directives:

.TRAN 0 80ms 0 10u SKIPBP

.OPTIONS ITL4= 40

One-Phase Step

Sequence Generator

(100 pps)

0s 20ms 40ms 60ms 80ms

1 V(/FB) 2 I(U1:/B)

500mA2

SEL>>SEL>>

1 V(FB) 2 I(U1:B)

500mA2

1 V(/FA) 2 I(U1:/A)

500mA2

1 V(FA) 2 I(U1:A)

500mA2

V(CLK)

Phase A Current

I_SET=0.5A

I_HYS=0.1A

Phase /A Current

Phase B Current

Phase /B Current

7.2 Two-Phase Sequence Drive, IPHASE=0.5A, IRIPPLE=0.1A

.OPTIONS ITL4= 40

SDIODE

HYS_I-CTRL

SDIODE

PARAMETERS:

RON = 10m

PARAMETERS:

I_SET = 0.5

VHYS = 0.1

HYS_I-CTRL

SDIODE

HYS_I-CTRL

SDIODE

U152-PHASEPPS = 100

One-Phase Step

Sequence Generator

(100 pps)

0s 20ms 40ms 60ms 80ms

1 V(/FB) 2 I(U1:/B)

500mA2

SEL>>SEL>>

1 V(FB) 2 I(U1:B)

500mA2

1 V(/FA) 2 I(U1:/A)

500mA2

1 V(FA) 2 I(U1:A)

500mA2

V(CLK)

Phase A Current

I_SET=0.5A

I_HYS=0.1A

Phase /A Current

Phase B Current

Phase /B Current

U15HALF-STEPPPS = 100

SDIODE

HYS_I-CTRL

SDIODE

PARAMETERS:

RON = 10m

PARAMETERS:

I_SET = 0.5

VHYS = 0.1

HYS_I-CTRL

SDIODE

HYS_I-CTRL

SDIODE

7.3 Half-Phase Sequence Drive, IPHASE=0.5A, IRIPPLE=0.1A

.OPTIONS ITL4= 40

One-Phase Step

Sequence Generator

(100 pps)

0s 40ms 80ms 120ms 160ms

1 V(/FB) 2 I(U1:/B)

500mA2

SEL>>SEL>>

1 V(FB) 2 I(U1:B)

500mA2

1 V(/FA) 2 I(U1:/A)

500mA2

1 V(FA) 2 I(U1:A)

500mA2

V(CLK)

Phase A Current

I_SET=0.5A

I_HYS=0.1A

Phase /A Current

Phase B Current

Phase /B Current

SDIODE

HYS_I-CTRL

SDIODE

PARAMETERS:

RON = 10m

PARAMETERS:

I_SET = 0.5

VHYS = 0.1

HYS_I-CTRL

SDIODE

HYS_I-CTRL

SDIODE

U152-PHASEPPS = 100

8.Drive Circuit Efficiency (%)

.STEP PARAM RON LIST 10m, 100m, 1

.OPTIONS ITL4= 40

One-Phase Step

Sequence Generator

(100 pps)

10ms 20ms 30ms 40ms 50ms 60ms 70ms 80ms

100*AVG(W(U1))/(-AVG(W(Vcc)))

8.Drive Circuit Efficiency (%)

at switches Ron = 10m, (99.7%)

at switches Ron = 100m, (99.8%)

at switches Ron = 1, (86%)

Note: Add trace 100*AVG(W(U1))/(-AVG(W(Vcc))) for the Efficiency.

Simulation Index

Simulations Folder name

1. One-Phase Sequence Drive, IPHASE=0.5A, IRIPPLE=0.1A...................................

2. Two-Phase Sequence Drive, IPHASE=0.5A, IRIPPLE=0.1A...................................

3. Half-Phase Sequence Drive, IPHASE=0.5A, IRIPPLE=0.1A....................................

4. Drive Circuit Efficiency (%)...............................................................................

1-Phase

2-Phase

Half-Phase

Efficiency

Libraries :

1. ..¥bipolar_stp-motr.lib

2. ..¥diode.lib

3. ..¥hys_i-ctrl.lib

4. ..¥logicgate.lib

5. ..¥step-seq.lib

6. ..¥gdrv.lib

Bipolar Drive Circuit Simulation using PSpice

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