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Presentation by M.E. Haule, G.H. Laswai, D.L. Mwaseba, A.E. Kimambo, J. Madsen, L.A. Mtenga and A.J. Mwilawa at the 5th All Africa conference on animal production, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-28 October 2010.
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The 5The 5thth
All Africa Conference on Animal AgricultureAll Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture Commercialization of Livestock Agriculture in Africa: Challenges and opportunities October 25-28, 2010.
AN ASSESSMENT OF ATTITUDE TOWARDS SELLING LIVESTOCK AMONG THE PASTORALISTS IN
NGORONGORO DISTRICT OF TANZANIA
BY
M.E. Haule, G.H. Laswai, D.L. Mwaseba, A.E. Kimambo, J. Madsen, L.A. Mtenga and A.J. Mwilawa
INTRODUCTION Cattle in the pastoral system accounts for 14 percent of
the 19 million cattle population in Tanzania Contribution of livestock to the pastoral economy is low Pastoralists are facing challenges:
Restrictions of free mobile livestock systemConflicts between herders and farmersLong marketing chain with several actorsPoor record keeping systemsLow literacy levelsPoor enforcement of regulations
Introd...Pastoral system is undergoing unprecedented
changes e.g. engagement in income generating activities
other than traditional livestock keepingIt is likely that pastoralists sell livestock as
capital investment Limited information exits on the attitude and
purpose of pastoralists in selling livestockUseful for subsectoral planningWillingness of pastoralits to sell young steers
for feedlots?
Objectives
To determine the attitude and reasons for selling livestock by pastoralists
To identify factors that could influence such attitude
METHODOLOGY
The study was done in Ngorongoro District in Tanzania Data were collected through:
Questionnaire administered to 90 H/Hkey informant interviews Three focus group discussions each ≤ 20
people anddirect observations
Descriptive statistics were generated Tobit model was employed to determine the important
factors influencing the pastoralists attitudes
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1: Distribution of respondents according to socio-economic characteristics
Socio-economic characteristics Frequency PercentAge class (years)
21-40 51 56.641-60 31 34.5Above 60 8 8.9
Sex Male 70 77.8Female 20 22.2
Sex of the head of household
Male (Adult) 81 90.0Male (Child) 3 3.3Female (Adult) 6 6.7
Main source of income
Livestock 78 86.7Salary 7 7.8Petty businesses 5 5.6
Type of livestock
Gender Frequency Percent
Ownership Cattle Male – adult 79 87.8
Male – child 3 3.3Female – adult 8 8.9
Goats Male – adult 77 85.6Male – child 3 3.3Female – adult 9 10.0Don’t have cattle 1 1.1
Decision to sell Male - adult 76 84.4 Male - child 6 6.7
Female - adult 7 7.8 Husband and Wife 1 1.1
Table 2: Gender distribution of respondents to ownership and decision making on selling livestock
Table 3: Categories of livestock that pastoralists prefer to sell
Category of livestock Count Percent Cow
54 61.4
Heifers
20 22.7
Steers 79 89.8Calves
25 28.4
Goats
72 81.8* Counts were based on multiple responses on each category preferred
0
10
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70
80
90
100
Pe
rce
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of
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po
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Reasons for selling livestock
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Village market District markets Arusha town markets Kenya markets
Livestock markets
Percent of respondents
Selling cattle Selling goats
Figure 2: Markets which pastoralists in Ngorongoro district sell livestock
Table 4: Attitude towards selling cattle and goats among the pastoralists
Category Frequency Percent
Selling cattle
Selling goats
Positive 38 42.2
Neutral
Negative
19 21.1
33 36.7
Positive 41 45.6
Neutral 16 17.8
Negative 33 36.7
Table 5: Tobit model estimates for the factors influencing attitude towards selling livestock
Explanatory variable Coefficient STD Error t-statistic P- value
Sex of livestock owner 0.752 0.476 1.58 0.02*
Age of livestock owner -0.087 0.460 -0.19 0.46
Education level 0.127 1.060 0.12 0.90
Household size 0.858 0.554 1.55 0.03*
Herd size -0.070 0.036 -1.95 0.06
Distance to the market -0.052 0.024 -2.12 0.04*
Price of livestock 0.604 0.602 1.00 0.05*
Religion 0.140 0.425 0.33 0.34
Level of significance = 5%: Statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05), statistically not significant (P>0.05)
Conclusions
The mindset of pastoralists towards selling livestock is changing
Right policy on price of cattle and reliable markets could increase off takes
Promotion of feedlots could create reliable cattle markets
Primary livestock auction market in Ngorongoro district
Local cattle slaughtering and meat selling
The end
Thank you for listening
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