Agile and Frameworks

HOW FRAMEWORKS CAN KILL YOUR AGILE PROJECTSSander Hoogendoorn | Principal Technology Officer, Global Agile Thought Leader | Capgeminiwww.sanderhoogendoorn.com | sander.hoogendoorn@capgemini.com | @aahoogendoorn

SANDER HOOGENDOORN

Capgemini

� Principal technology officer

� Global agile thought leader

� Chief architect Accelerated Delivery Platform (ADP)

� Author books on UML, agile

� Author +200 articles, columns

� Speaker +100 international conferences and seminars

� Microsoft Partner Advisory Council .NET

� Editorial boards & Advisory boards

� Capping IT Off Blog

� www.sanderhoogendoorn.com

� www.ditisagile.nl | www.smartusecase.com

� sander@ditisagile.nl

� @aahoogendoorn @ditisagile

AGENDA

An short storyabout frameworks

How frameworks canget you in trouble

Software architectureversus frameworks

The layersupertype

Introducing thedescriptor pattern

The manager-provider

AGENDA

The layersupertype

WATERFALL? BIG-UP FRONT?

Architecture!

WATERFALL? BIG-UP FRONT?

THE WATERFALL DENTIST

BOEHM’S LAW

AGILE. NO UP-FRONT?

Architecture?

BOEHM’S LAW. PER ITERATION

AGILE. SOME UP-FRONT

Just enougharchitecting!

Frameworks?

It always takes longer than you expect, even when you take into account Hofstadter’s Law

HOFSTADTER’S LAW

MYFIRSTSURVEY

Frameworks, like pizzas, come in only two sizes: too big and too small.

LIFE IS NEVER EASY …

MYFIRSTSURVEY

WHAT’S IT GONNA BE PUNK?General purpose frameworks

Enterprise Library, Spring.Net, Castle, NakedObjects, Accelerated Delivery Framework (ADF), SubSonic

Single goaled frameworks – verticals

Dependency injection: ObjectBuilder, Unity, Castle Windsor

Logging: Log4Net, Logging Block, Common.Logging

Exception handling: Exception Handling Block

Apect orientation: PostSharp, SetPoint

Search: Lucene.net, NLucene

Portals: DotNetNukeSpatial, Umbraco

Single goaled frameworks – architectural

User interface: Silverlight, ASP.NET MVC, WPF, ASP.NET Ajax, Spring MVC

Process: UI Process Application Block, WF

Domain: Entity Framework, Hibernate, NEO

Data: Entity Framework, Hibernate, Castle ActiveRecord, CSLA

Service s: WCF, WCF RIA

FRAMEWORKS - CODEPLEX

FRAMEWORKS – WWW.CSHARPOPENSOURCE.COM

FRAMEWORKS – MICROSOFT ENTERPRISE LIBRARY

FRAMEWORKS – PROJECT CASTLE

DON’T BELIEVE THE HYPE – IT’S A SQL

CONVINCING THE MANAGEMENT TO APPLY THE FRAMEWORK (25.5 %)

UNDERSTANDING THE FRAMEWORK (56.4 %)

CONVINCING OTHER DEVELOPERS TO USE THE FRAMEWORK (23.6 %)

TRAINING THE DEVELOPERS (20 %)

THE EYE OF THE TIGER

AGENDA

The layersupertype

My software never has bugs. It just develops random features

APPLYING FRAMEWORKS

AGILE. SOME UP-FRONT

Just enougharchitecting!

Frameworks? Just enoughre-architecting

SO GLAD YOU MADE IT!

What if we requireadditional features thataren’t covered by our

framework?

What if we decide thatanother framework mightbe better than the onewe’re using now?

What if the author of ourfavorite framework suddenly

stops developing it?

What if the framework contains bugs?

And what if the new versionof our framework is implemented totally

different?

MORE THAN ANYTHING, DEPENDENCIES WILL KILL YOUR PROJECT

A short story about framework developers and application developers

KENTUCKY FRIED ARCHITECTURE

PIGS & CHICKENS

The applicationdeveloper

The frameworkdeveloper

KFC ARCHITECTURE – ENTITY FRAMEWORK

I don’t care if it works on your machine! We are not shipping your machine!

LETTING THE LUNATICS RUN THE ASYLUM

Here’sHere’sHere’sHere’s … … … … betabetabetabeta!!!!

HOT OR NOT?

Hot? From hot to not? Not?

LightSwitch

WCF RIA Services

Silverlight 4.0?

ASP.NET MVC 3

jQuery

NService Bus

Entity Framework - Code First

Expression Blend

ASP.NET Ajax

BizTalk

Surface

SketchFlow

Azure Services

ADO.NET Data Services

ASP.NET Dynamic Data

Entity Framework 2.0

LINQ2SQL

LINQ2Entities

Entity Data Model

Dublin

DSL’s

Silverlight 2.0

ASP.NET

PopFly

MGrammar

BE A F***ING GENIUS

Metro?

WTF? I just figured out ASP.NET MVC

HERE’S JOHNNY! – ASP.NET MVC

It’s only in theory that practice and theory are the same

NO STRINGS ATTACHED

MYFIRSTSURVEY

CHANGING BASE CLASSES – – NHIBERNATE / LOG4NET

CHANGING BASE CLASSES – NHIBERNATE / LOG4NET

Programming is like sex. One mistake and you have to support it for the rest of your life

YES, YOUR FRAMEWORKS VERSION TOO

IT AIN’T OVER TILL IT’S OVER

MISSING BASE CLASSES – WORKFLOW FOUNDATION 4.0

AGENDA

The layersupertype

Architecture starts when you carefully put two bricks together. There it begins.

SOUND ARCHITECTURE

(SOFTWARE.ARCHITECTURE != LIST<FRAMEWORK>)

A SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE

Presentation

Process

Domain

Data / Services

Outside world

PagesUserControls

Panels

Use casesWorkflow

Domain objects / EntitiesFactories / Repositories

Enums / Value objects / Smart references

Service gatewaysService locators

[Mapping]

DatabasesServices / ESB

Exact SAP BizTalk Java

Android?XAML?ASPX?

Entities(from EF)

DomainServices

Metadata?JSON?

EF?LINQ?

Nhibernate?

MVVM?MVP?

MVWTF?

What to do?

• Identify your architectural requirements

• Set up a (layered) architecture

• Identify layers and layer elements

• List the elements responsibilities

• List the elements collaborations

• And only then map to frameworks

• Create a thin “umbrella” of independence

responsible for managing dependencies

From a developers point of view the user is a peripheral that types when you issue a read request.

LAYER SUPERTYPE

LAYER SUPERTYPE What’s a layer supertype Ollie?

� Acts as a supertype for all types in its layer

� All types inherit from the layer supertype

Well Stan, it’s characteristics are

� Name expresses common behaviour

� Forces common features on all inherited types

� Ideal starting point for services

� Initially the layer supertype is empty

� Reserve layer supertype for future additions

� Extension methods don’t (always) help, you know

LAYER SUPERTYPE – ASP.NET MVC

Presentation

Process

Domain

Data / Services

Outside world

PagesUserControls

Panels

Use casesWorkflow

[Mapping]

LAYER SUPERTYPE – USING A LAYER SUPERTYPE

LAYER SUPERTYPE – REASON ABOUT LAYER SUPERTYPES

LAYER SUPERTYPE – EXTENSION METHODS ON LAYER SUPERTYPES

AGENDA

The layersupertype

Always code as if the guy who ends up maintaining your code will be a violent psychopath who knows where you live.

DESCRIPTOR

I KNOW NOTHING. I’M FROM BARCELONA

What is the matterMister Fawlty?

The problem Manuel, is that

� I want to use constants in myapplication

� But I want to define them in myframework and extend them in myapplication

� Enumeration won’t do – there’s noinheritance

DESCRIPTOR – THE PROBLEM (1)

DESCRIPTOR – THE PROBLEM (2)

STRING COLLECTION?

STRING COLLECTION

I KNOW NOTHING. I’M FROM BARCELONA

Descriptor

Defines a restricted butapplication specificextendible list of definitions

Useful when

� Enums can not be inherited

� Framework defines enumeration types thatneed to be extended in application code

� Define layer supertype using reflection

� Pre-define frequently used instances

DESCRIPTOR PATTERN

DESCRIPTOR PATTERN - DEFINITION

DESCRIPTOR PATTERN – EXTENDED DEFINITION

DESCRIPTOR PATTERN – USE IN FRAMEWORK

DESCRIPTOR PATTERN – USE IN APPLICATION

MYFIRSTSURVEY

DESCRIPTOR PATTERN – USE IN ASP.NET MVC

AGENDA

The layersupertype

XML is like violence. If it doesn’t solve your problems, you are not using enough of it.

DEPENDENCY INJECTION

A NEW DISEASE? What do you think it is?

Create true separation between definition

and implementation, so that the two can vary independently and can be replaced easily

Looks like a typical case of dependency injection

� Call functionality without having to knowthe actual implementation

� Implement replaceable services

� Apply implementations in different contexts

� Plug-in services at run-time

So …

� Single topic services

� Single or multiple implemenations need to be handled, which differs dependant oncontext, like with Windows API, logging orerror handling

� Unit testing

DIFFERENT VARIATIONS? Did you know that thereare different types of this dependency injection?

Arggh…Yeah, sure. There’s

� Constructor injection

� Property (setter) injection

� And even manual injection Who cares doc?

DEPENDENCY INJECTION – CONSTRUCTOR INJECTION

DEPENDENCY INJECTION – MANUAL INJECTION

DEPENDENCY INJECTION – WHAT TO PLUG IN

"Teamwork is a lot of people doing what I say“ - Marketing executive, Citrix Corporation

MANAGER – PROVIDER

Definition

� Create a simple static facade (manager) for a (set of) interfaced implementations (providers)

In practice

� Manager holds one or a collection of providers

� Provider implement a particular interface

� Manager has methods to call methods from interface

� At run-time, using dependency injection, actual providers are injected

MANAGER-PROVIDER PATTERN

MANAGER – VALIDATIONMANAGER

INTERFACE

MANAGER – INITIALIZATION (USING DEPENDENCY INJECTION)

CONFIGURATION OF IMPLEMENTATION

MANAGER - EXECUTING METHODS

CLIENT – CALLING METHODS

MANAGER-PROVIDER PATTERN

Useful when

� Generic services need to be called, which may have different implementations

� Manager prevents having to loop through each of a list of providers

� Flexibility to add or remove providers without changing application code

� Providers differ e.g. in development code, test code or deployed code

Use for

� Task Management

� View Management

� Binding and Persisting

� Resource Management

� State Management

� Logging

� Datasource interaction

� Testing!

Re-factoring or re-architecting?

ARCHITECTURAL CHANGES IN AGILE?

Presentation

Process

Domain

Data / Services

Outside world

PagesUserControls

Panels

Use casesWorkflow

[Mapping]

What to do?

• Identify your architectural requirements

• Set up a (layered) architecture

• Identify layers and layer elements

• List the elements responsibilities

• List the elements collaborations

• And only then map to frameworks

• Create a thin “umbrella” of independence

responsible for managing dependencies

REFERENCES AND QUESTIONS

Agile and Frameworks

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