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Class Objective
Students will examine, comprehend and synthesis the historical importance of African geography and culture and the significance of the Egyptian Empire on world history.
Point of Consideration
• To what extend do you think Geography can determine a
People’s history?
A Satellite View
Africa’s Size
# Second largest continent 11,700,000 sq. mi.# 10% of the world’s population.# 2 ½ times the size of the U. S.
5000
MILES
4 6 0 0 M I L E S
BodiesOfWater
Nile River
Congo River
Zambezi River
Niger River
Orange River
Limpopo River
Mediterranean Sea
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean
Red Sea
L. Victoria
L. Albert-->
L. Chad-->
L. Tanganyika->
<--Gulf of Aden
The Mighty Nile River:“Longest River in the World”
The Congo River Basin
# Covers 12% of thecontinent.
# Extends over 9countries.
# 2,720 miles long.
# 99% of the countryof Zaire is in theCongo River basin.
The Niger River Basin
# Covers 7.5% of the continent.# Extends over 10 countries.# 2,600 miles long.
The African Plateau
Deserts Sahara Desert
Sahel
Kalahari
Desert
Namib Desert
Libyan Desert
The Sahara Desert
Valleys&Plains
Gre
at R
ift V
alle
y
Great Rift Valley
3,000 miles long
West Africa: Home of our Hurricanes
Vegetation Zones
The African Savannah:13 million sq. mi.
African Rain Forest
# Annual rainfall of up to 17 ft.# Rapid decomposition (very humid).# Covers 37 countries.# 15% of the land surface of Africa.
Mt. Kilimanjaro:Snow on the Equator?
TheCompleteTopographyOfAFRICA
Nile River
Congo River
Zambezi River
Niger River
Orange River
Limpopo River
Mediterranean Sea
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean
Red Sea
L. Victoria
L. Albert-->
L. Chad-->
L. Tanganyika->
<--Gulf of Aden
Drajensburg Mts.
Ruwenzori M
ts.
Δ Mt. Kenya
Δ Mt. Kilimanjaro
Sahara Desert
Sahel
Kalahari
Desert
Namib Desert
Libyan Desert
Gre
at R
ift V
alle
y
Atlas Mts.
Tropic of Cancer 20° N
Tropic of Capricorn20° S
Equator 0°
Natural Resources
Controversy Over Egypt:
TraditionalistsVersus
Afrocentricists
Social Darwinism, 19th Century
Intellectual Black and Liberals Argued that Egypt as a positive in racial arguments.
Afrocentricists
• The Egypt was a black civilization• Linked to other African Civilizations In the
South• Important Impact on the Mediterranean Sea,
especially Greek and Rome• Thus, promoted philosophy and science which
is the basis for Western Civilization.
Traditionalists
• Modern racial categories has no relevance to the ancient Egypt• Ancient Greece is the father of
empirical science and ideas about individual freedom• Egypt did make huge contributions in
religion, commerce and art.
A View of Egypt by Satellite
The Fertile Nile Valley
Making Ancient Egyptian Beer
Making Ancient Egyptian Wine
An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves”
Perfume
Whigs
Mirror
Egyptian Social Hierarchy
Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs
Thutmose III
1504-1450 B. C. E. Ramses II
1279-1212 B. C. E.
Tutankhamon
1336-1327 B. C. E.
Egyptian Nobility
Egyptian Priestly Class
Egyptian Scribe
Papyrus Paper
Papyrus Plant
Hieratic Scroll Piece
Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship
1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
What number is this?
Champollion & the Rosetta Stone
Hieroglyphic
“Cartouche”
Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic
symbols
Egyptian Creation Myth
The Goddess Nut
Preparations for the Underworld
Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit
ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather.
Materials Used in Mummification
1. Linen 6. Natron2. Sawdust 7. Onion3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads5. Resin 10. Frankinsense
Egyptian Mummies
Seti I1291-1278 B.
C. E.
Queen Tiye, wife of
Amenhotep II1210-1200 B. C. E.
Ramses II1279-1212 B.
C. E.
The Final Judgement
Anubis Horus Osiris
Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants
in the Afterlife
Giza Pyramid Complex
Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu
King Tutankhamun’s Tomb
Ankhenaton: First Monotheist?
1352-1336 B. C. E.
Abu Simbel:Monument to Ramses II
1279-1213 B. C. E.
Routes of the “Sea Peoples”
The end of the Bronze Age!
Berbers
GOLD
SALT
Gold-Salt Trade
Gold “Money”, Ghana/Ivory Coast
Ghana Empire [4c-11c]
Salt
Mali Empire [13c-15c]
GOLD
SALT
Timbuktu-”Heavenly Clay”
Timbuktu Rooftop, Mosque
Great Mosque at Djenne, Mali
Sundiata [1210-1260]
“Lion Prince”
Mansa Musa [r. 1312-1337]
European Map
Songhai Empire [15c-16c]
GOLD
SALT
Sunni Ali [r.1464-1492]
Askia Mohammed [r.1493-1529]
Askia Mohammed’s Tomb [1443-1538]
Gao, Mali
Benin Empire [15c-19c]
IslamicInvasion
s
Traditional African Society
Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
1000 different languages; 1000+ different tribes
An African’s “Search for Identity”
1. Nuclear Family2. Extended Family3. Age-Set
4. Clan
5. Lineage (ancestry)
TRIBE (communal living)
Traditional Family Structures
Nuclear Family:
Extended Family:
C
C
C C
CHW W
C
C
C C
CHW W
GP
CsGP
Cs
U
A
Traditional African ReligionANIMISM
1. Belief in one remote Supreme Being.
3. Ancestor veneration.4. Belief in magic, charms, and fetishes.5. Diviner mediator between the tribe and God.
2. A world of spirits (good & bad) in all things.
Other Religions in Africa
ISLAM 25% * Nigeria largest sub-Saharan Muslim countries.
CHRISTIANITY 20%
Common Traits or Characteristics of Traditional
African Tribal Life1. The good of the group comes ahead of the
good of the individual.
2. All land is owned by the group.3. Strong feeling of loyalty to the group.4. Important ceremonies at different parts of
a person’s life.
5. Special age and work associations.6. Deep respect for ancestors.7. Religion is an important part of everyday
life.8. Government is in the hands of the chiefs
[kings].
What isa
Griot ?
Storyteller Tribal “Historian”
GenealogistMusician(Troubadour)
Images of the Traditional African Griot
Images of the Traditional African Griot
Images of the Traditional African Griot
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