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A Day Building Fast, Responsive, Extensible
Single Page Applications
Chris Love
@ChrisLove
Love2Dev.com
Who Am I
• Front-End Web Dev MVP
• ASP Insider
• Internet Explorer User Agent
• Author
• Speaker
• Tweaker, Lover of Web, JavaScript, CSS & HTML5
• @ChrisLove
• https://love2dev.com
Slide Deck & Source Code
• Normal Slide Decks – http://slidesha.re/15YTrTT
• Today’s Slides - http://bit.ly/1m66Hu6
• Source Code – http://GitHub.com/docluv/movies
What Does A Modern
Web App Look Like?
What is Changing the
Definition of the Web?
What Does the Developer
Experience Look Like?
Defining the Modern Web Application
Its Not This
Its Not This
326 Http Requests
23 Style Sheets 80kb
84 Images 587kb
101 External Scripts 806kb
229 Primed Http Requests
76 seconds to fully load
Multiple Unminimized Resources
Speed Index 5949
12+MB of Content
Multiple 404s
Mostly Uncached Content
Performance
• Multiple Studies Show Correlation Between Conversions & Speed
• 57% Will Abandon a Slow Site After 3 Seconds
• We Have to Concentrate 50% Harder For Slow Sites
• 78% Have Felt Stress or Anger With Slow Sites
• 44% Say Slow Sites Make Them Anxious
• 4% Have Thrown Their Phone
Matt Cutts
"Also take a step back for a minute and consider the intent of this change: a faster web is great for everyone, but especially for users. Lots of websites have demonstrated that speeding up the user experience results in more usage. So speeding up your website isn’t just something that can affect your search rankings–it’s a fantastic idea for your users.“
http://bit.ly/SPPB4k
Time is Money
• Faster Sites Have Higher Conversion Rates
• WalMart - http://bit.ly/S1fHSZ
• Google – http://bit.ly/WajJbB
• Amazon – http://bit.ly/S3UoAj
• ShopZilla - http://bit.ly/RIQMDM
WalMart
Folks at Walmart knew their pages were slow. As a for instance, initial measurement showed that an item page took about 24 seconds to load for the slowest 5% of users. Why? The usual culprits: too many page elements, slow third-party scripts, multiple hosts (25% of page content is served by partners, affiliates, and Marketplace), and various best practice no-nos
http://bit.ly/WajJbB
Google’s ½ Second
Half a second delay caused a 20% drop in traffic. Half a second delay killed user satisfaction.
The lesson, Marissa said, is that speed matters. People do not like to wait. Do not make them.
http://bit.ly/TPPhUp
http://bit.ly/16zFCXL
Performance
• Performance Matters
• It Must Be a 1st Class Feature in Any Application
• Not an Afterthought Right Before Deployment
• 80% of Performance Is In the Client, Not the Server
• Cellular Networks Make Page Load Even Tougher• 500ms Inherent Delay
• Bandwidth Constraints
Modern Web
Applications MUST Load
Fast and Respond Fast
Mobile or Device Fragmentation
Touch
Web APIs
HTML5 CSS3 JavaScript
The Modern Web Hour Glass
HTML5
JavaScript
CSS3
ASP.NET.IIS
DB – SQL Server/NoSQL
(API + HTML5 + CSS3 + JavaScript +
Standards Compliant Browser) *
(Touch + Mobility + Performance)
=== Great Single Page Application
Let’s Code
Introduction to Fluid Layouts
•Morph to Fill The ViewPort Space
•Rely on CSS• Absolute Positioning
DOCTYPE
Replace This:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
With This:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
DOCTYPE
"DOCTYPEs are required for legacy reasons. When omitted, browsers tend to use a different rendering mode that is incompatible with some specifications. Including the DOCTYPE in a document ensures that the browser makes a best-effort attempt at following the relevant specifications." http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/syntax.html#the-doctype
Absolute Positioning
.site-header {position: absolute;top: 0;right: 0;left: 0;height: 80px;
}
Let’s Code
Responsive Web Design
• Introduced by Ethan Marcotte 2010 - bit.ly/178an9e
• Web Design Approach To Create An Optimal Viewing Experience Across All Browser ViewPorts
• Fluid Layouts
• Media Queries
• Minimal if any JavaScript Required
“this unspoken agreement to pretend that we had a certain size. And that size changed over the years. For a while, we all sort of tacitly agreed that 640 by 480 was the right size, and then later than changed to 800:600, and 1024; we seem to have settled on this 960 pixel as being this like, default. It’s still unknown. We still don’t know the size of the browser; it’s just like this consensual hallucination that we’ve all agreed to participate in: “Let’s assume the browser has a browser width of at least 960 pixels.”
Jeremy Keith
bit.ly/1bhH6rw
Responsive Design
“The emergence of ideas like “responsive design” and “future-friendly thinking” are in part a response to the collective realization that designing products that solve one problem in one context at a time is no longer sustainable. By refocusing our process on systems that are explicitly designed to adapt to a changing environment, we have an opportunity to develop durable, long-lasting designs that renew their usefulness and value over time.”
Wilson Miner
bit.ly/1fbq5lB
Responsive Design
“Any attempt to draw a line around a particular device class has as much permanence as a literal line in the sand. Pause for a moment and the line blurs. Look away and it will be gone.
Let’s take the absolute best case scenario. You’re building a web app for internal users for whom you get to specify what computer is purchased and used. You can specify the browser, the monitor size, keyboard, etc.”
Jason Grigsby
bit.ly/KzJH9G
Responsive Design
“How long do you think that hardware will be able to be found? Three years from now when a computer dies and has to be replaced, what are the chances that the new monitor will be a touchscreen?
By making a decision to design solely for a “desktop UI”, you are creating technical debt and limiting the longevity of the app you’re building. You’re designing to a collective hallucination. You don’t have to have a crystal ball to see where things are headed.
And once you start accepting the reality that the lines inside form factors are as blurry as the lines between them, then responsiveness becomes a necessity.”
Jason Grigsby
bit.ly/KzJH9G
Responsive Design
Mobile First
• Determine The Most Important Information
• Expand From There
• Start Responsive Design Mobile First
Responsive Layout
Responsive Layout
Responsive Layout
Media Queries
@media (min-width:600px) {/* Rules Here */}
@media (min-width:800px) {/* Rules Here */}
Responsive Design Best Practices
•Start Small Screen First• Forces Most Important Data First
•Easier to Adjust CSS Rules
•Let Data Drive Media Queries First
• Its Ok to Use Some JavaScript•But Not Required
Let’s Code
Touch Your Application
Touch Your Application
• Content Must Be Touchable
• Account for Fat Fingers
• Support APIs
• Mouse
• Touch (Apple)
• Pointer (MSFT & W3C)
Touch Your Application
Touch Your Application
• The Average Human Finger
is 11mm in Diameter
• Fingers Range from 8mm -
19mm
• Baby to Large Man
Touch Your Application
• Touch Points Need Margin
• Or Separation From
Neighbors
Touch Gestures
• Pan
• Pinch/Zoom
• Swipe
• Tap
• Tap + Hold
• Rotate
Touch-action
• CSS Property to Help Determine How Touch is Handled
• Auto
• None
• Pan-x
• Pan-y
• Can disable Auto-zoom
• Enable Scrolling
Scrolling Content
overflow: scroll;
-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
-ms-overflow-style: -ms-autohiding-scrollbar;
-ms-scroll-chaining: none;
-ms-scroll-translation: vertical-to-horizontal;
DeepTissue
• Abstracts Touch & Mouse APIs
• Abstracts Input Modality Gestures
• http://deeptissuejs.com
INPUT TYPE=XXXX
• New Input Types Drive On-Screen
Keyboards
• Drives Native Validation
• Tel, email, url, number, etc
Let’s Code
The Server-Side Story
• Provide Markup, CSS, JavaScript, Images
• API End Points
• Possible Legacy URL Redirects
• Deal with Search Engine Spiders and Legacy Browsers
The Modern Web Hour Glass
HTML5
JavaScript
CSS3
ASP.NET.IIS
DB – SQL Server/NoSQL
SPAHelper Library
• Extends ASP.NET MVC
• Custom SPAWebViewPage
• SPAModel
• SPAHelper
• http://bit.ly/1dUYLGJ
SPAWebViewPage
• Must Use it as Base for MVC View
• Extends MVC’s WebViewPage• SPARenderPage
• Causes only Changed Content to be Sent to Client
• Works in Concert with Backpack to Cache Markup in localStorage
SPAWebViewPage
• Must Configure View web.config file:
• <pages pageBaseType="SPAHelper.SPAWebViewPage">
SPAWebViewPage
@if (!Html.HasEscapeFragment())
{
@SPARenderPage("views/home-view.cshtml")
@SPARenderPage("views/movies-view.cshtml")
@SPARenderPage("views/movie-view.cshtml")
…
@SPARenderPage("views/notfound-view.cshtml")
@SPARenderPage("templates/_templates.cshtml")
}
SPAModel
• The SPAModel provides a base for an ASP.NET MVC single page application model
• The model has properties for the application's Title and Description
• The SetRoute function parses a SPA route to isolate the primary root
SPAHelper
• The SPAHelper class is a collection of static and static ASP.NET MVC HTML Helper extension functions• SPALink
• LastUpdated
• HasEscapeFragment
• HasForceReload
_escape_fragment_
• Google’s Specification for AJAX Applications
• http://bit.ly/117sTgL
• Allows Routes to be Sent to Server Via QueryString
• Server Sends Google Fully Rendered Markup
• Good Core Site Solution• Legacy Browser Version
• Andy Hume of the Guardian - http://vimeo.com/channels/smashingconf
Cutting The Mustard
• Feature Detect to Determine Browser Capabilities• Never Browser Sniff
if (!('querySelector' in document) //at least IE8
|| !('localStorage' in window) //at least IE8
|| !('addEventListener' in window) //at least IE8
|| !('matchMedia' in window)) {//at least IE10
} else {
}
Let’s Code
The Client-Side Story
• Things You Used to Do On the Server Now Live In the Client• Routing
• Rendering
• Data Caching
• Need to be Conscience of How Browsers Work• Critical Rendering Path
• Memory Management
• Leverage HTML5 Features• Storage
• Animations
Press # For More
• Routes Are Not Sent to Server
• No Request/Response Iniated
• Must Respond to Route in the Client
• #! Is the Defacto Standard
Press # For More
window.addEventListener("hashchange", function (e) {
//swap the View Here
});
What About These Guys?
•Angular
•Ember
•Backbone
•Durandal
Common Problems
•Too Large•Try to be everything to everybody
•Memory Leaks
•Many Brittle Practices•Routing
•Virtualize Native Functionality
The Love2SPA Way
• SPAjs
• Backpack/Mud Bath *
• DollarBill**
• Caching AJAX Layer
• HTML Template Engine
• Deeptissue
• Toolbar, Panorama, Other Small UI Libraries
* Under Development ** jQuery Compatible
The Love2SPA Way – Typical Stats
• 35-80kb minified, not gzipped JavaScript
• 20-35kb minified, not gzipped CSS
• 5-35kb minified, not gzipped HTML
• 3 Core Http Requests
• < 1 second Load Time
The Love2SPA Way
• Extensible• Scalable• Maintainable• Testable• Deployable• Have Tangible ROI
SPAjs
• Responsible for Routing
• View Switching
• Executes Animations
• Relies on Animate.css - http://bit.ly/1hayo4s
• Executing View Onload and Unload Functions
Backpack
• Stores View Markup & Templates in localStorage
• 1st Implemented by Google & Bing
• http://bit.ly/117puyn
• Implements an API expected by SPAjs
• MudBath a work in Progress
• Implements Same API
• Used IndexDB
AjaxPrefilter
• Caches Data in localStorage with a TTL
• 1st Implement by Paul Irish
• http://bit.ly/117p7E9
• Can be Used with Any AJAX Implementation
• Eliminates Unnecessary HTTP Requests
JavaScript Templating
• Merges JavaScript Objects with Markup
• Many Libraries
• Micro-Templating
• MUSTACHE
• Handlebars
• Generated Markup Appended to DOM
JavaScript Templating
<script id="MoviePosterGridTemplate" type="text/x-mustache-template">
{{#movies}}
<div class="movie-target">
<a href="#!movie/{{id}}/{{title}}">
<img alt="{{title}}" src="{{poster}}" class="movie-grid-poster">
<figcaption class="demo-photo-caption">{{title}}</figcaption>
</a>
</div>
{{/movies}}
</script>
Let’s Code
Create Modular, Extensible JavaScript Application
• Functions 1st Class in JavaScript
• Functions are Objects
• var foo = {};
• All Objects have a Prototype
• new Keyword creates a new Object
• Many popular Patterns
Extensible
Core
Module
Module
Module
Think Like jQuery
• The jQuery Module Pattern is Familiar
• Not Hard to Implement
• Allows for Extensibility
A SPA Application Module
App
View
View
View
Let’s Code
Building Web Applications
• Just Like C# Applications• Release
• Debug
• The Web Needs a Compiler
• 2 Great Options• Grunt
• Gulp
Building Web Applications
• Grunt & Gulp Are Node Modules• http://gruntjs.com
• http://gulpjs.com
• Both have great eco-systems
• Add To package.json
• Run npm install
• Create gruntfile.js
• Grunt.cmd
Let’s Code
Going Offline
• Leverage the AppCache
• Create a Manifest File
• Don’t Let it be a Handicap
• http://bit.ly/117q27A
• Makes Sure Your App Will Work Without Connectivity
• Good for Caching Images and Resources
• Makes the Browser look Local Before Going to the Server
Developing with AppCache is a PITA
@{if (HttpContext.Current.IsDebuggingEnabled)
{
@:<html lang="en">
}
else
{
@:<html lang="en" manifest="app.cache">
}
}
Manifest File
• CACHE• lists all resources that should be downloaded for offline use
• NETWORK• identifies any URLs that require the device be connected to the network
• FALLBACK• lists replacement URLs for network URLs to be used when the device is
offline
How AppCache Works
• When the browser reads the manifest file it downloads the specified resources locally
• Those resources are referred too instead of making a request to the server
• Resources are refreshed if the manifest file has been updated
Let’s Code
High Performance Single Page Web Applications
• Responsive Design
• Touch
• Mobile First
• SPA
• Extensible, Scalable Architecture
• Web Build and Workflow
• Goes Really Fast!
• ~395 Pages
• 20 Chapters
• $9.99http://amzn.to/1a55L89
Questions
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