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Design Fundamentals
Agenda
• Understand 3D printing and how it works.
• Learn basic 3D design fundamentals (e.g., understanding 3D space and geometry, modeling, surfaces, textures, and rendering images).
• Gain hands-on experience designing a 3D object that can be 3D printed.
• Discover a variety of free 3D design applications and repositories.
www.tinkercad.com
Create an account for later …
What is 3D printing?
First off, 3D printing is not new. Chuck Hull invented stereolithography (i.e., solid imaging) in the mid-1980s.
3D printing is also known as additive manufacturing , which is a process of making, layer by layer, three dimensional objects from a digital file.
Source: http://goo.gl/SaL7eE
• Vat Photopolymerisation
• Material Jetting
• Binder Jetting
• Material Extrusion – Most desktop printers use Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology
• Powder Bed Fusion
• Sheet Lamination
• Directed Energy Deposition
Seven processes are:
Source: http://freefab3d.com/
The Innovation Lab [Makerspace @ SPC] has a Monolith printer.
3D Printing File Types
.STL – STereoLithography or Standard Tessellation Language
.OBJ – Object files define the geometry for objects. Includes textures.
.X3D – used for color printing. Also added shaders, geo-location etc.
.VRML – used for color printing. Includes 3D geometry etc.
3D Printing Process
1. Design an object via computer aided design (CAD) or animation modeling software. Not design-oriented? Try Shapeways, Sculpteo or Thingiverse.
2. The software will export the object as an .STL file, which will then be built (printed) layer-by-layer (i.e., Additive Manufacturing).
3. Load the .STL file into the printer. (e.g., via Repetier).
4. Slice (i.e., create layers for the object). Note: Repetier integrates Slic3rinto the software.
5. 3D printing materials vary. We use PLA (Polylactic Acid) filament. Visit http://reprap.org/wiki/PLA for more information.
Source: http://goo.gl/rgOpMq
G-code is a language where people tell computerized machine tools how to make something. G-code
can also be used for CNC machines, knitting, tattoos etc.
Visit http://3dprintingforbeginners.com/software-tools for a large list of other 3D modeling, Slicer, 3D Printer Hosts etc.
Fused Deposition Modeling with the Monolith
Watch at https://youtu.be/fA_cAo4uwAc
What to Expect with 3D Printing
• It is a slow process.
• It can be very frustrating.
• You will learn how to unclog the extruder and do other repairs.
• Setup a way to remotely monitor your prints (e.g., use a webcam via RealVNC or Repetier-Server etc.)
• Have a web form for print submissions with brief explanation.
• Create procedures/policies.
• It is a slow process.
• It can be very frustrating.
DIY Monitoring with RealVNC
http://www.repetier-server.com/
Note: you do not need to use a Raspberry Pi, but you will be cooler if you do. ;-)
3D Printer/Printing Tips
Re-scaling Objects
Re-positioning Objects
Need support?
Recycle PLA?
It’s not necessary.
Add Supports!Need support?
Adhesion issues
Watch at https://youtu.be/l_k5xnzIIog
The nozzle is too close to the heat bed
Bed Leveling
The nozzle should be about 0.4MM above the bed. See Slicr3 layer settings next slide.
There should be some friction (i.e., tension from the paper) on each corner of the bed and in the center.
Nozzle and Heat Bed Heights
Image Source: https://youtu.be/L6GJWHwrTmY
First Layer Height in Slic3r should be 90%
Learn more at https://www.simplify3d.com/support/print-quality-troubleshooting/
Print Quality Troubleshooting Guide
Maintenance Tips
•Clean the heat bed with rubbing alcohol.
•Unclog and clean the nozzle.
•Make sure the belts are tight.
•The screws should all be tightened equally.
•Clean and lube the X and Y rails.
3D Design Fundamentals
Navigating 3D Space
Image source: https://goo.gl/vJKpuV
Three dimensions:
left and right (X axis)
up and down (Y axis)
back and forth (Z axis)
Measure the Position and Size of an Object
Measure the Distance Between Objects
Navigating 3D Space Demo
Boolean Modeling takes two objects and adds/subtract/combine into one object
Image Source: https://goo.gl/ktJXCj
www.tinkercad.com
A quick hands-on overview to show basic functions!
Source: http://bukobot.com/
Source: http://bukobot.com/
Requests to create 3D models
Matter and Form 3D scanner
https://matterandform.net/scanner
Digital Scanning DIY style with Eureka Factory!
Some Select 3D Printers
• LulzBot Mini, $1,250
• MakerBot Replicator +, $2,499
• Ultimaker 2, $2,499
• XYZprinting Nobel 1.0A, $1,799
• Form 2, $3,499
Visit https://www.3dhubs.com/best-3d-printer-guide the “most comprehensive 3D printer guide available!
Request free samples
https://formlabs.com/request-sample-part/
RepRap – 3D print a 3D printer!
http://reprap.org/
Search for ‘XY Core Printer’ at Thingiverse.com
Select 3D Applications/Tools:
• 3Ds Max - 3D modeling, animation, and rendering software.• Autodesk Fusion 360 – the first 3D CAD, CAM, and CAE tool of its kind. It
connects your entire product development process in a single cloud-based platform that works on both Mac and PC.
• Autodesk Inventor – computer-aided design application for 3D mechanical design, simulation, visualization, and documentation.
• Autodesk Netfabb – connected software for additive manufacturing and design, helping to streamline workflows, reduce build errors, and bring products to market faster.
• Cobalt – ultimate 3D modeling product design and development tool.• FreeCAD – an open-source parametric 3D CAD modeler.
Select 3D Applications/Tools:
• Onshape – a computer-aided design (CAD) software system, delivered over the Internet via a Software as a Service (SAAS) model.
• OpenSCAD - The Programmers Solid 3D CAD Modeller.
• Pro/Engineer – a 3D CAD/CAM/CAE feature-based, associative solid modeling software.
• Rhino3D – commercial 3D computer graphics and computer-aided design application for Mac.
• SolidWorks – solid modeling computer-aided design and computer-aided engineering computer program
• TurboCAD – a CAD software application for 2D and 3D design and drafting.
• Zbrush - a digital sculpting tool that combines 3D/2.5D modeling, texturing and painting.
Select 3D Applications/Tools:
• SketchUp – download a free trial and check out their 3D Warehouse!
• AutoCAD - free for students! You can visit this site for a list of other free software available to students.
• Tinkercad – free and easy to use online application for 3D printing/modeling.
• Blender - free open source 3D content creation suite.
• Kinect Studio - record and play back depth and color streams from a Kinect.
• Meshmixer - a free tool for making 3D stuff without too much hassle.
• Skanect – capture a full color 3D model of an object.
• ReconstructMe - 3D real-time scanning system.
• 123D Catch – free app that lets you create 3D scans of any object.
• Even more 3D software
Watch at https://youtu.be/nlhN5id1xg8
3D Design in Virtual Reality to 3D Print
Select 3D Printing Services/Repositories
• Shapeways - 3D Printing Service & Marketplace
• UPS 3D Printing - UPS Stores have expanded 3D printing services to meet the growing demands.
• i.materialize - turn your ideas into 3D printed reality
• Thingiverse - Digital Designs for Physical Objects
• Sculpteo – 3D prints your ideas/products
• Amazon.com’s 3D Printing – Customization, Sandboxr etc.
• Smithsonian X 3D - print historic artifacts.
http://www.slideshare.net/chadmairn
@cmairn
Contact me!
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