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trees Acer negundo (Box Elder) Acer saccharum (Sugar Maple) Betula nigra (River Birch) Carpinus caroliniana (American Hornbeam/ Musclewood) Cel5s occidentalis (Hackberry) Fagus granifolia (American Beech) Juglans nigra (Black Walnut) Lindera benzoin (Spicebush) Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum) Nyssa sylva5ca (Black Gum / Tupelo) Quercus alba (White Oak) Quercus rubra (Red Oak) Rhus typhina (Staghorn Sumac) Tsuga Canadensis (Canada Hemlock) Viburnum dentatum (Arrowwood) Viburnum prunifolium (Blackhaw Viburnum)
Grassland – Savanna-‐ Forest
Grassland – Savanna-‐ Forest
Grassland – Savanna-‐ Forest
Available Soil Moisture-‐ the over riding environmental factor determining the disposiLon of plant communiLes Shade Tolerance-‐ All plants require light, shade is a limiLng factor to growth. Hightshoe provides an index for shade tolerance (very tolerant-‐ tolerant-‐intermediate) Mesic-‐ a habitat with moderate soil water content and well drained Xeric-‐ a habitat with low soil water content and high evaporaLon rate Moisture and Topographic Gradients-‐ various habitats that range in condiLons from lowland to upland, wet to drier condiLons
(see next 5 habitat designa/ons lowland wet to upland dry)
Lowland Wet-‐ river margins, streamside floodplain depression, subject to frequent inundaLon (seasonal flooding), high water table, poor drainage area (OBL – FACW) Lowland Wet-‐Mesic-‐ alluvial boSomlands, elevated terraces of major streams, areas of intermiSent flooding but of short duraLon, excess moisture in winter or spring, nearly xeric condiLons during midsummer (FACW-‐FAC) Upland Mesic-‐ ravines, sheltered coves, moist but well drained slopes and uplands, generally north and east facing slopes, protected from sun exposure and prevailing dry winds, less dry condiLons (FACU) Upland Mesic-‐Dry-‐ dry slopes, upland flats, generally warmer south and west facing slopes, direct sun exposure created drier condiLons (FACU) Upland Dry-‐high banks, cliffs, steep rocky land, excessively drained sandy soil or shallow stoney soil over rock outcrop (UPL)
• OBL = Obligate Wetland Plants Almost always occur in wetlands
• FACW = FacultaLve Wetland Plants
Usually occur in wetlands, but may occur in non-‐wetlands • FAC = FacultaLve Wetland Plants
Occur in wetlands and non-‐wetlands • FACU = FacultaLve Upland Plants
Usually occur in non-‐wetlands, but may occur in wetlands • UPL= Upland Plants
Almost never occur in wetlands
Acer negundo (Box Elder)
Acer saccharum (Sugar Maple)
Betula nigra (River Birch)
Carpinus caroliniana (American Hornbeam/ Hop Hornbeam)
Carpinus caroliniana (American Hornbeam/ Hop Hornbeam)
Cel5s occidentalis (Hackberry)
Fagus granifolia (American Beech)
Juglans nigra (Black Walnut)
Lindera benzoin (Spicebush)
Lindera benzoin (Spicebush)
Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum)
Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum)
Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum)
Nyssa sylva5ca (Black Gum / Tupelo)
Nyssa sylva5ca (Black Gum / Tupelo)
Nyssa sylva5ca (Black Gum / Tupelo)
Quercus alba (White Oak)
Quercus alba (White Oak)
Quercus alba (White Oak)
Quercus rubra (Red Oak)
Rhus typhina (Staghorn Sumac)
Rhus typhina (Staghorn Sumac)
Tsuga canadensis (Canada Hemlock)
Viburnum dentatum (Arrowood)
Viburnum dentatum (Arrowood)
Viburnum prunifolium (Blackhaw Virburnum)
Viburnum prunifolium (Blackhaw Virburnum)
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