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What does monotheism mean?
(If theism means belief in a god, what do you think mono-theism means?)
Began in present day IsraelFounded by Abraham (a key figure in
ALL 3 of these religions)Moses led Israelites from Egypt out
of slavery. David: 2nd King of Israel, the young
boy who defeated Goliath, eventually succeeds Saul as King of Israel and Judah.
Torah First 5 books that
contain teachings of Moses
IS the first five books of the Bible
Is accepted as a Holy Book in Islam as well
Written in Hebrew▪ Read right to left,
instead of left to right
Found in present-day West Bank
Are the oldest surviving copies of Biblical documents, dating back over 2100 years.
Followers are the Hebrews (culturally) and Jews (religious term)
Hebrew is the language they spoke
They worship in synagogue or temple
Temple – the original place of worship, Solomon’s “temple”
Synagogue – modern buildings used for worship. Many referred to as temples as a tribute to the original one.
Orthodox (very religious)Conservative (traditional, but less
rigid than Orthodox)Reform (the most liberal of the
three)
GodYahweh
Judaism: Teacher/Religious LeaderJudaism: Teacher/Religious Leader
•Rabbi
10 Commandments given to Moses by God Kosher—strict dietary laws (“free of
contamination”) Shabbat (Sabbath)-Holy Day—Sundown on
Friday to Sundown Saturday – Spent in prayer, resting, family feasting.
Calendar includes five major festivals (including Passover, Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur) and two minor ones – Hanukkah, Purim
(Pa-celebrates Exodus from Egypt. R.H.-Jewish New Year, YK – Day of Atonement/pray for forgiveness, H – celebrates religious freedom/victory over Maccabees)
The Beginnings of Christianityin Bethlehem
The Beginnings of Christianityin Bethlehem
Present day Israel
Jesus: Son of God, born in Nazareth Messiah (the anticipated savior)
Disciples: Followers/students of JesusApostles: the “chosen” teachers of
Jesus’ messagePaul: Continued to spread Christianity and wrote a good portion of the New Testament
Bible (originally written in Hebrew, Aramaic/Greek, translated/updated countless times since) 1382-English
Old Testament: the foundation of the Biblical story, the history/customs of the Jews, written hundreds of years before the life of Jesus.
New Testament: written after the birth of Jesus Christ, about his life, teachings, death.
Followers:Followers:Christians
Place of WorshipPlace of WorshipChurchCathedral (largest church in a diocese)(Basilica – a church blessed by the Pope, 33 in the U.S)
Reformation led by Martin Luther in 16th Century, resulted in formation of many different “branches” of Christianity: Catholic and Protestants
- Protestants, Baptists, Orthodox, Presbyterians, Anglicans, Pentecostals, Methodists………..
“Holy Trinity”: God the Father, Jesus the Son and the Holy Spirit
Teacher/Religious LeaderPastor, Priest, Reverend, Preacher
Gospels: First 4 books of New Testament Matthew, Mark, Luke, John Tells story of Jesus
Jesus’ message of love/forgiveness Drew large crowds Resurrection: Jesus died on the cross,
rose 3 days later and ascended to Heaven 40 days later (Easter)
Sunday is Holy Day
Mecca, Saudi ArabiaBirthplace of
Muhammad, most sacred city in
Islam.Muslims around
world face Mecca 5 times daily for prayer.
Muhammad: Last and greatest prophet
What is a prophet? Someone sent by Allah (God, to bring people to believe in and worship Him alone.The Prophetic Tradition of Islam
1. Adam
2. Noah
3. Abraham
4. Moses
5. Jesus
6. Mohammad (the last and greatest)
Sunni - believed there was no successor appointed by Muhammad, recognize 4 post-Muhammad caliphs, do not recognize any caliphs alive today; since the 1920s (Most Muslims are Sunni)
Shi’ite (pronounce She-Ite) – believe there were 12 Imams (followers of Muhammad), one in hiding because of sins of Islamic Communnity, but will return before “the end times.”
Qur’an/Koran: exact words revealed to Muhammad by God.
Recorded by scribes during Muhammad’s lifetime.
The primary source of every Muslim’s faith/practice.
Deals with wisdom, beliefs, worship and the law.
Focuses on the relationship between God and His creatures.
Followers:Followers:Muslims
Place of Worship:Place of Worship:Mosque
Allah (Arabic for “God”)Central Theme/Belief: Monotheism –
belief in one all-powerful God.Purpose of humanity is to serve
Allah, worship him alone, and lead a moral life.
Teacher/Religious Leader Imam
1. The Shahada1. The Shahada
11
The declaration of faith:
"There is no God but "There is no God but Allah and Allah and Muhammad
is his Prophet"is his Prophet"
"There is no God but "There is no God but Allah and Allah and Muhammad
is his Prophet"is his Prophet"
2. The Salat2. The Salat
22
The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a day: * dawn * noon * late afternoon * sunset * before going to bed
Wash before praying.
Face Mecca and use a prayer rug.
3. The Zagat3. The Zagat
33
Almsgiving (charitable donations).
Muslims believe that all things belong to God.
Zagat means both “purification” and “growth.”
About 2.5% of your income.
4. The Sawm4. The Sawm
44
Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan.
Considered a method of self- purification.
No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan.
5. The Hajj5. The Hajj
55
The pilgrimage to Mecca.
Must be done at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime by all that are physically/financially able.
2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage every year.
5. The Hajj5. The Hajj
55
Those who complete the pilgrimage can add the title hajji to their name.
Other Islamic Religious Practices
Other Islamic Religious Practices
Up to four wives allowed at once.
No alcohol or pork.
No gambling.
Sharia body of Islamic law to regulate daily living.
Three holiest cities in Islam: * Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem.
Name one thing that all three religions have in common?
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