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T H E C O N D I T I O N O F L A B O R
RERUM NOVARUM
Prepared by Jonald Justine Umali Itugot
OVERVIEW
Author: Pope Leo XIII
Release Date: May 15, 1891
Examines the situation of poor people and workers in industrialized countries
Articulates everyone’s role in working together to build a just society
Employers are seen as “agents for change”
HISTORICAL NOTE
Poverty and exploitation of workers were prevalent towards the end of the 19th century
European and American bishops requested for an influential stand of the Church
SITUATION OF WORKERS
Most workers experience poverty
There is a decline in public morality
Greedy employers exploit workers
Government does not give attention to the poor
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
Everything starts and ends with God; everything belongs equally to all
Different talents exist among persons, but everyone is equal in dignity
Man is a gifted with reason
Common good should be everyone’s goal; everyone has a right to social participation
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
Laws are obeyed if they conform with right reason and eternal law
National wealth originates from human labor
Everyone has the right to private property as long as it helps in the attainment of common good
Profit should be used for the benefit of all
Wealth is hindrance to eternal life
ROLE OF THE CHURCH
The Church has the right to speak since social matters affect religion and morality
Gospel principles help reconcile and unify classes
The Church can educate people to act justly
RIGHTS OF WORKERS/POOR
Private property
Care
Just wage
Family
Freedom of action
Join unions which uphold values
DUTIES OF WORKERS/POOR
Work well
Protect the property of the employer
Refrain from violence and rioting
Be thrifty
RIGHTS OF EMPLOYERS/WEALTHY
Private property
No crushing taxes
Private societies
DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS/WEALTHY
Not to treat workers as slaves
Uphold dignity of workers
Let workers attend religious and family obligations
Not to impose work more than a person’s strength can endure
Pay a just wage; not to tamper with worker’s savings
Give to the poor after personal needs have been met
ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
Defend and foster the rights of families
Support both private property and common good
Safeguard the rights of workers
Intervene when necessary to prevent harm to individuals or common good
Give special consideration to the poor
Uphold social and religious rights of people
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