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Colonial Religion
ChesapeakeNew England Middle Atlantic
The Protestant Reformation Produces Puritanism
Martin Luther 1517 Against
Catholic doctrine
Protestant Reformation
John Calvin - 1536
Wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion
God all-powerful and all-good
Humans weak and sinful (original sin)
Predestination
King Henry VIII
Broke with Roman Catholic Church
Made himself head of Church of England
Act stimulated total purification of English Christianity
Jamestown, Va.
PrimogenitureJoint-stock
companiesLooking for
gold/wealthJohn SmithJohn Rolfe –
tobacco
Religion in Virginia
Church of England – tax supportedChurch administered relief to poorSecular (not church) criteria for
franchise (vote)Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel in Foreign Parts in 1701 an Anglican missionary organization
Maryland: Catholic Haven
Founded by Lord Baltimore
CatholicAct of
Toleration-1649
Coode’s Rebellion -1689
John Coode raised an army against Maryland's Catholic leaders
Protestants took over colony
New England Colonies
PuritansSeparatists
Angry that saints must share church with doomed
Mayflower - 1620
landed in Plymouth Bay
Became squatters
Area outside Virginia Company
The Bay Colony Bible Commonwealth - 1630
Royal charter to form Massachusetts Bay Company
Claimed to not want to separate from Church of England, only its impurities
Mayflower Compact
agreement to form a body politic and submit to will of majority
promise of self-government
Governor John Winthrop
“City Upon a Hill”
Building the Bay Colony
Not a democracyPurpose of
government was to enforce God’s laws
Only “visible saints” freemen
Applied to believer and nonbeliever
Congregational Church
Tax supportedSelf-governing
congregationalism
Political control in hands on “saints”
Trouble in The Bible Commonwealth
Quakers persecuted with fines, floggings, and banishment
Anne Hutchinson - 1638
accused of heresyclaimed holy life no
sure sign of salvation and that truly saved need not bother with law of either God or man
said she had direct revelation from God
Roger Williams
Challenged charter of Bay Colony
Land taken from Indians without fair compensation
Clergymen should make clean break with Church of England
Pamphlet on religious liberty
Denied authority of civil government to regulate religious behavior
Williams went to Rhode Island and built first Baptist church in 1635
The Rhode Island “Sewer”
No oaths regarding one’s religious beliefs
No taxes to support state church
Sheltered Quakers and other exiles
New England Spreads Out - 1635-1638
Connecticut River valley- Dutch and English- found Hartford
Puritans led by Thomas Hooker
Life in New England Towns
Expansion was orderly
Land grant given by legislature
Town composed of
MeetinghouseVillage greenSchools
required for towns of more than fifty families
Education
Old Deluder Satan Law required schools for towns of more
than fifty families literacy needed in order to read
the Bible Harvard College - 1639
Meetinghouse
Used for both church and town meetings
Democracy
Puritan Congregation Church government
Town meeting leads to political liberty
The Half-Way Covenant and the Salem Witch Trials
Half-Way Covenant
SuperstitionsUnsettled social
and religious conditions
Unconverted children of members baptism not full
membership
Salem Witch Trials
The New England Way of Life
Poor soil led to hard work people less ethnically diverse frugality essential
Life in New England Towns
Expansion was orderly
Land grant given by legislature
Town composed of
Meeting houseVillage greenSchools
required for towns of more than fifty families
Democracy
Puritan Congregation Church government
Town meeting leads to political liberty
The Half-Way Covenant and the Salem Witch Trials
Half-Way Covenant
SuperstitionsUnsettled social
and religious conditions
Unconverted children of members baptism not full
membership
Salem Witch Trials
The New England Way of Life
Poor soil led to hard work people less ethnically diverse frugality essential
Middle Atlantic
Old Netherlanders at New Netherland – 1624
Dutch East India Company
New Amsterdam (New York)
Friction with English and Swedish Neighbors
Wall StreetPeter
StuyvesantLog cabin
Dutch Residues in New York
Left imprints - Harlem, Brooklyn, architecture, Santa Clause, Easter eggs, sleighing, waffles
Penn’s Holy Experiment in Pennsylvania
Founded by William Penn in 1681
Quakers refused to support Church of England with taxes
took no oathsrefused warfare
military service
Quaker Pennsylvania and Its Neighbors
Liberal Pennsylvania
Freedom of worship
no restrictions on immigration
death penalty only for treason and murder
no black slavery
Pennsylvania
mix of ethnic groups
exported grainNew Jersey Delaware
The Middle Way in the Middle Colonies
Pennsylvania
Delaware
New Jersey
New York
Middle Colonies
Exported grain Rivers important
fur trade water wheel power seaports
Ethnically and religiously mixed
Religious toleration
AnglicansQuakersDutch ReformedPuritansLutherans
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