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This is for a ninth grade Westen Civ class, for those students who were absent and could not get the class notes.
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Enlightenment Philosophers
What was the Enlightenment
New ideas in government and politics
People begin questioning the need for all powerful kings
Can people chose leaders for themselves?
“All people are created equal”New (and potentially dangerous) concept
Dangerous to who?
Thomas Hobbes
Notice the title of Hobbes’ book
What is a Leviathan?
What do you think Hobbes was trying to say about government based on the title of his book?
Leviathan!!
Hobbes
From England
Wrote Leviathan
-Observation: People are generally bad
Life without strong government is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, & short.”
-Hypothesis: Absolute government is needed to control evil behavior Not the same as but not divine right
People of the Enlightenment -1600s & 1700s
-Observation: gov’t exists to “preserve life, liberty, & property”-Hypothesis: people should be sovereign (rule)-Hypothesis: monarchs not chosen by God
People of the Enlightenment -1600s & 1700s
John Locke
From: England
Wrote: Two Treatises on Government
Montesquieu
-Observation: “When the legislature & executive are united in the same person, there is no liberty (freedom)”
-Hypothesis: Gov’t must have “Separation of Powers” -- 3 branches
People of the Enlightenment -1600s & 1700s
From: France
Wrote: “The Spirit of Laws”
Rousseau
-Observation: “man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains.”-Hypothesis: Gov’t is contract between people & rulers. People can break it (rebel)
People of the Enlightenment -1600s & 1700s
From: France
Wrote: The Social Contract
Voltaire
-Observation: Life is better with liberty
-Hypothesis: Freedom of speech & religion, separation of church & state
-“I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it. “
People of the Enlightenment -1600s & 1700s
From: France
Reflection: On Back
1. All of these people…
2. To come up with their ideas, they all used…
3. All of their ideas dealt with...
People of the Enlightenment -1600s & 1700s
Locke
Hobbes
Montesquieu
Rousseau
Voltaire
Name From Wrote Main Ideas
People of the Enlightenment -1600s & 1700s
Locke
Hobbes
Montesquieu
Rousseau
Voltaire
England
England
France
France
France
-Observation: gov’t exists to “preserve life, liberty, & property”-Hypothesis: people should be sovereign (rule)-Hypothesis: monarchs not chosen by God-Observation: Life without gov’t is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, & short.”-Hypothesis: Absolute gov’t needed to control evil behavior (not divine right)
-Observation: “When the legislature & executive are united in the same person, there is no liberty (freedom)”-Hypothesis: Gov’t must have “Separation of Powers” -- 3 branches
-Observation: “man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains.”-Hypothesis: Gov’t is contract between people & rulers. People can break it (rebel)
-Observation: Life is better with liberty -Hypothesis: Freedom of speech & religion, separation of church & state -“I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it. “
Name From Wrote Main IdeasTwo
Treatises on Gov’t
Leviathan
The Spirit of Laws
The Social Contract
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