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RELIGIONS OF INDIA & ASIA
BUDDHISM
BUDDHISM Founder: Siddhartha Gautama Son of a Indian warrior-king Gautama renounced his rich life
and became a monk in hopes of comprehending truth
Moment of truth: meditating under a tree where he had an experience where he understood how to be free from suffering and achieve salvation.
After this, he was know as Buddha Buddha= “Enlightened One” Buddha spent the rest of his life
traveling around India and teaching others
4 Noble Truths
Desires
To a Buddhist, desire= craving pleasure, material goods, and immorality
Desire can only bring suffering
Why is the Buddha fat? His stomach
symbolizes the size of his soul. It is also a symbol of happiness, luck and generosity
Karma Karma does NOT refer to preordained fate
Karma= good or bad actions a person makes in their lifetime.
When you do good, good things will come in return. If you perform bad actions, bad karma is in store for you
Neutral karma= acts like breathing, eating or sleeping
Reincarnation 6 Realms:
1. realm of men (free from conflict of jealously among the gods)
2. realm of demigods3. realm of gods4. realm of animals5. realm of ghosts6. realm of hell (untold
suffering) Those with positive karma,
are reborn into fortunate realms
Reincarnation
Basics of Buddhism Separated from Hinduism No personal God or divine being. They are not atheist
though, because Buddhist believe in an impersonal force No form of redemption, forgiveness, no heavenly hope or a
final judgment Moral philosophy= do good now, and you will be blessed with
a higher state
Basics 376 million Buddhists in
the world (+/- 313, 114, 000 in Asia) Dominant religion in:
China, Japan, Korea, as well as southeast Asia
Over 200 different sects of Buddhism
Over 1,000 Buddhist temples, monasteries and centers in the US
Sangha Sangha= order of the brotherhood (community) who are monks
Must wear a yellow robe, shave their head and practice meditation
Goal of Sangha= strive to have the qualities of Buddha
Over 225 regulations which forbid them to do many things
Buddhist Scripture
Variety of Buddhist text Buddhist cannon of
scripture= Sanskirt○ 3 parts:
1. Vinaya Pitaka= disciplinary rules for Sanghas
2. Sutra Pitaka= discourses by the Buddha
3. Adhidharma Pitaka= notes on Buddha’s teachings
HINDUISM
Julia Roberts on Hinduism
Hinduism One of oldest
religions in world, probably the first
Founder: No specific founder
Originated with Aryans tribes who moved to India and adapted with native Harrappan people
Basics of Hinduism
Facts
900 million membersMany sects, some are:
polytheistic (many gods) monotheistic (one god) pantheistic (god &
universe are one) agnostic (unsure if god
exists) atheistic (no god)
Basic Beliefs
Reincarnation Caste System Brahman (central god or
principle or universal spirit) Reach Moksha (peaceful escape
from cycle of reincarnation)
11 Year Old Reincarnated
Caste System =ranked society according to
occupation
Brahmins (priests)Kshatriyas (soldiers, king-warrior
class)Vaishyas (merchants, farmers,
Sutras laborers, craftspeople)Harijahns (“untouchable,” poor)
The caste system was outlawed in 1948, but it still important to the Hindu people
Scriptures Vedas=religious writings, include, hymns, sacrificial writings, teachings, book of laws, myths, stories, legends and epics
What is yoga?
JAINISM
JAINISM
Founder: Mahaiva, born in 599 B.C., believed that everything in the universe has a soul and should not be harmed
One of the oldest religions in the world No a break off of any other religion Jains are in 34/35 of the territories of
India, making over 5 million members in India alone
Jainism
Jain monks take nonviolence seriously, sweeping ants off the path and wearing masks to avoid breathing in insects
Jains seek jobs that do not harm any creature (trade and commerce)
Make few efforts to convert, and do not send out missionaries, so most of the members live in India
Jain Temple Animation
Basics of Jainism
Religious Tolerance Ethical Purity Harmony between self and
environment Spiritual Contentment Karma Rebirth Importance of the Soul
Reincarnation When a body dies, the
soul goes directly to its next body (could be human or animal)
What you become in your next life is dependant on your karma
How you feel (content or upset) at your death is important
God
Jains do not believe in a God or gods but they believe in divine beings who are worthy of devotion
Scripture
Jain’s scriptures= Agamas
Jain monks and nuns have to memorize scriptures because monks were not allowed to posses religious books as part of their vows
The Soul The “soul” is called jiva
=means a conscious, living being
The body is just a “container” for our souls
When you die, your jiva, is reborn into another life until it achieves liberation
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