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CHAPTER 14Civilization in Eastern Europe:
Byzantium and Orthodox Europe
World Civilizations: The Global ExperienceFifth Edition
Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
Chapter 14: Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The Byzantine EmpireII. The Spread of Civilization in Eastern Europe
Chapter 14: Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The Byzantine Empire
A. The Origins of the Empire
Emperor Constantine
4th century C.E., Constantinople
Empire divided
Capitals at Rome and Constantinople
Greek language official from 6th century The Byzantine Empire under Justinian
Chapter 14: Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The Byzantine Empire
B. Justinian's Achievements
Justinian
Attempts reconquest of Italy
Slavs, Persians attack from east
Building projects
Hagia Sophia
Legal codification
C. Arab Pressure and the Empire's Defenses
Center of empire shifts to east
Constant external threats
Arab Muslims
Bulgars
Defeated by Basil II, 11th century
The Byzantine Empire under Justinian
Chapter 14: Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The Byzantine Empire
D. Byzantine Society and Politics
Emperors resemble Chinese rulers
Court ritual
Head of church and state
Sophisticated bureaucracy
Open to all classes
Provincial governors
Economic control
Regulation of food prices, trade
Silk production
Trade network
Asia, Russia, Scandinavia, Europe, Africa
Arts
Creativity in architecture
Chapter 14: Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The Byzantine Empire
E. The Split Between Eastern and Western Christianity
Separate paths
Patriarch Michael
1054, attacks Catholic practice
Mutual excommunication
F. The Empire's Decline
Period of decline from 11th century
Seljuk Turks
Take most of Asian provinces
1071, Manzikert
Byzantine defeat
Slavic states emerge
Appeal to West brings crusaders
1204, Venetian crusaders sack Constantinople
1453, Constantinople taken by Ottoman Turks
1461, empire gone
The Byzantine Empire, 1000-1100
Chapter 14: Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. The Spread of Civilization in Eastern Europe
Influence through conquest, conversion, trade
Cyril, Methodius, to Slavs
Cyrillic script
A. The East Central Borderlands
Competition from Catholics and Orthodox Greeks
Catholics
Czechs, Hungary, Poland
Regional monarchies prevail
Jews from western Europe
Chapter 14: Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. The Spread of Civilization in Eastern Europe
B. The Emergence of Kievan Rus'
Slavs from Asia
Iron working, extend agriculture
Mix with earlier populations
Family tribes, villages
Kingdoms
Animistic
6th, 7th centuries
Scandinavian merchants
Trade between Byzantines and the North
c. 855, monarchy under Rurik
Center at Kiev
Vladimir I (980-1015)
Converts to Orthodoxy
Controls church
East European Kingdoms and Slavic Expansion, c. 1000
Chapter 14: Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. The Spread of Civilization in Eastern Europe
C. Institutions and Culture in Kievan Rus'
Influenced by Byzantine patterns
Orthodox influence
Ornate churches
Icons
Monasticism
Art, literature dominated by religion, royalty
Free farmers predominant
Boyars, landlords
Less powerful than in the West
Chapter 14: Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. The Spread of Civilization in Eastern Europe
D. Kievan Decline
Decline from 12th century
Rival governments
Succession struggles
Asian conquerors
Mongols (Tartars)
13th century, take territory
Traditional culture survives
E. The End of an Era in Eastern Europe
Mongol invasions usher in new period
East and West further separated
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