Secure Architecture and Programming 101

Mario-Leander Reimer, QAware GmbH O’Reilly Software Architecture Conference in London 2016

| O’Reilly Software Architecture Conference in London 2016 | Secure Architecture and Programming 101 | @LeanderReimer

$ whoamiMario-Leander Reimer Chief Technologist, QAware GmbH mario-leander.reimer@qaware.de

https://github.com/lreimer/

https://slideshare.net/MarioLeanderReimer/

https://speakerdeck.com/lreimer/

https://twitter.com/leanderreimer/

Security seems to be the most underrated non functional

requirement in software engineering.

COLIN ANDERSON/GETTY IMAGES

https://www.wired.com/2015/05/possible-passengers-hack-commercial-aircraft/

IS IT POSSIBLE FOR PASSENGERS TO HACK COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT?

https://www.wired.com/2015/07/hackers-remotely-kill-jeep-highway/

HACKERS REMOTELY KILL A JEEP ON THE HIGHWAY WITH ME IN IT!

Open Sesame!

http://www.heise.de/security/meldung/BMW-ConnectedDrive-gehackt-2533601.html

| O’Reilly Software Architecture Conference in London 2016 | Secure Architecture and Programming 101 | @LeanderReimer7

https://xkcd.com/1354/

The Java exploit for Heartbleed only had 186 lines of code. The patch for Heartblead only added 4 lines of code!

Checks for correct bounds of record length added

Apple‘s SSL bug: goto fail;

Always called

Success!? Not quite.

/* never called */

Probably all security vulnerabilities are caused by poor, negligent or just

plain unsafe programming!

Know your attackers’ tools.• Have a look at http://sectools.org

• Network scanners, Sniffers, Web Application Vulnerability Scanners, Exploit toolkits, Password crackers, …

• Most of these security tools are freely available.

• We can use some of these tools to test our own applications!

• https://n0where.net/best-web-application-vulnerability-scanners/

OWASP Zed Attack Proxy Demo.

https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Zed_Attack_Proxy_Project

One single line of code can be the root of all evil …

@WebServlet(name = "DownloadServlet", urlPatterns = "/download") public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

// translate src parameter to full file system path String src = req.getParameter("src"); File file = new File(getServletContext().getRealPath("/"), "/" + src);

if (file.exists() && file.canRead() && file.isFile()) { // copy file contents to servlet output stream Files.copy(file.toPath(), resp.getOutputStream()); } else { resp.sendError(404); } } }

The OWASP Top 10 Security Risks.

A1-Injection

A2-Broken Authentication and

Session Management

A3-Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

A4-Insecure Direct Object References

A5-Security Misconfiguration

A6-Sensitive Data Exposure

A7-Missing Function Level Access Control

A8-Cross-Site Request Forgery

(CSRF)

A9-Using Components with

known Vulnerabilities

A10-Unvalidated

Redirects and

https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2013-Top_10

How can we do better?

Only 3 sources and 221 rules for better, stable and more secure code.

Secure Coding Guidelines for Java SE Updated for Java SE 8, Version: 5.0, Last updated: 25 September 2014 http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/seccodeguide-139067.html

The CERT™ Oracle™ Secure Coding Standard for Java Fred Long, Dhruv Mohindra, Robert C. Seacord, Dean F. Sutherland, David Svoboda Rules are also available online at www.securecoding.cert.org

Java Coding Guidelines Fred Long, Dhruv Mohindra, Robert C. Seacord, Dean F. Sutherland, David Svoboda

Clean Code and Defensive Programming

Practice good software craftsmanship.

• Take pride in what you do and build.

• Follow clean code principles. Program defensively.

• Perform regular peer reviews.

• Constantly measure software quality.

• Make your software quality omnipresent.

Concurrency & Thread Programming

Secure Programming

MSC03-J. Never hard code sensitive information.

What’s the problem? Sensitive information should never be hard coded. If the system is compromised, this information can be easily retrieved. Access to further resources may be possible.

How can we exploit the code? Simply by disassembling the relevant code, using tools like javap, JAD, dirtyJOE.

How can we do better? Obtain information from a secure configuration file, system property or environment var.

Use the security features of your infrastructure, such as password aliases.

A very very … bad example of a login component.

public class InsecureLogin {

private static final String USERNAME = "TheDude"; private static final String PASSWORD = "BigLebowski";

public boolean authenticated(String user, String pwd) { return USERNAME.equals(user) && PASSWORD.equals(pwd); } }

javap -c InsecureLogin.class

public class InsecureLogin {

private static final String USERNAME = "TheDude"; private static final String PASSWORD = "BigLebowski";

public boolean authenticated(String user, String pwd) { return USERNAME.equals(user) && PASSWORD.equals(pwd); } }

Use the security features of your infrastructure.

asadmin> create-password-aliasEnter the value for the aliasname operand> secpro_password_aliasEnter the alias password> qwertz123Enter the alias password again> qwertz123

-Dmaster.password=${ALIAS=secpro_password_alias}

-Dsecure.password=tvtCEwfdmUAzXaKKlYQM6XYIjgQHzCZHZG/8SbdBQ+Vk9yH7PDK+x0aIgSZ2pvfWbC0avXyF3Ow+tWleYlnideYwXpyJXrkhv+DRdQthEmM=

This will be replaced by the container automatically.

Encrypt passwords using master password with PBKDF2WithHmacSHA1

To store passwords, use a cryptographic function designed for password hashing like PBKDF2.

• Do not roll your own crypto!

• Do not use insecure hashing algorithms such as MD5 or SHA1!

• No security through obscurity!

Heimdall - Secure Password Hashing https://github.com/qaware/heimdall http://qaware.blogspot.de/2015/03/secure-password-storage-and.html

Use Maven security features to encrypt passwords.

<server> <id>nexus-internal</id> <username>mario-leander.reimer</username> <password>{mMYSehjThblablablablag8RGTARRtzc=}</password> </server>

<settingsSecurity> <master>{e8wIyEjahdijadija2blabYW4re9xlNIVREUKQA=}</master> </settingsSecurity>

$ mvn --encrypt-master-password <arg>

$ mvn --encrypt-password <arg>

Secure passwords using Gradle Credentials plugin

plugins { id 'de.qaware.seu.as.code.credentials' version '2.4.0'

repositories { maven { url 'https://your.company.com/nexus/repo' credentials { username project.credentials['Nexus'].username password project.credentials['Nexus'].password } } }

Only up to 10% of the overall bytecode instructions in modern JEE

applications are your code!!!

About 26% of the downloaded libraries on Maven Central contain

known vulnerabilities!

https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_AppSec_DC_2012/The_Unfortunate_Reality_of_Insecure_Libraries

Know your dependencies! The secure usage of open source components and frameworks is key to application security.

• How to secure an application against security issues in OSS?

• Upgrading your dependencies to the latest versions is crucial. Urgent security fixes are usually only applied to the latest release.

• Monitor security issues of used frameworks in public databases (CVE, NVD) and mailing lists.

• Implement security decorators to disable or secure weak and unused framework functionality.

mvn versions:display-dependency-updates

[INFO] The following dependencies in Dependencies have newer versions:[INFO] com.sun.faces:jsf-api ......................................... 2.1.10 -> 2.2.12[INFO] com.sun.jersey:jersey-client ..................................... 1.9.1 -> 1.19[INFO] commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload ........................... 1.2.1 -> 1.3.1[INFO] org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient ............................ 4.2.1 -> 4.5.1[INFO] org.apache.solr:solr-core ....................................... 4.6.1 -> 5.3.1

mvn org.owasp:dependency-check-maven:check

VersionEye notifies you about out-dated dependencies, security vulnerabilities and license violations.

buildscript { repositories { jcenter() } dependencies { classpath 'org.standardout:gradle-versioneye-plugin:1.4.0' }}apply plugin: 'org.standardout.versioneye'versioneye { dependencies = transitive includeSubProjects = true includePlugins = false exclude 'testCompile', 'testRuntime'}

Easy configuration via the plugin convention

A quick VersionEye overview.

https://www.versioneye.com/user/projects/57af1de9b56d6b001694ab24

The anatomy of a secure component.

Secure Component

Canonicalization and Normalization

Input Sanitization Validation

Output Sanitization

Command Interpreter (RDBMS)

Command Interpreter (Browser, File, ...)

Untrusted Data

The internal design of secure components is influenced by security concerns. But the

business logic should stay clean.

Security is a cross cutting concern. Interceptors are a perfect match to implement security functionality.

@Interceptor @Sanitizedpublic class SanitizedInterceptor implements Serializable { @AroundInvoke public Object invoke(InvocationContext ctx) throws Exception { Sanitized sanitizer = getSanitizedAnnotation(ctx.getMethod()); // apply the sanitization function Object[] raw = ctx.getParameters(); Object[] sanitized = Arrays.stream(raw).map(sanitizer.type()).toArray(); ctx.setParameters(sanitized); return ctx.proceed(); } private Sanitized getSanitizedAnnotation(Method m) { … }}

The interceptor binding annotation defines relevant types and their sanitization functions.

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@Target({TYPE, METHOD})@InterceptorBindingpublic @interface Sanitized { enum Type implements Function<Object, Object> { ECMA_SCRIPT { @Override public Object apply(Object o) { if (o instanceof String) { return StringEscapeUtils.ESCAPE_ECMASCRIPT.translate(o.toString()); } return o; } }, SQL { … } } @Nonbinding Type type() default Type.ECMA_SCRIPT;}

Perform escaping or cleansing of input data data.

Use decorators to add component specific security features or to disable certain functionality.

@Decoratorpublic class NoGreetingToAttackersDecorator implements Greeting { @Inject @Delegate private Greeting greeter; @Override public String getMessage(@Size(min = 3) String name) { if ("attacker".equalsIgnoreCase(name)) { throw new SecurityException("No greetings for evil attackers."); } // do some additional specific security checks // maybe use a javax.validation.Validator for this return greeter.getMessage(name); }}

Apply Design by Contract (DbC) to your gate keeper and security components using the method validation API.

public interface Greeting { /** * @param name the name, at least 3 characters * @return the greeting message, never null */ @NotNull String getMessage(@Size(min = 3) String name);}

@ApplicationScopedpublic class DefaultGreeting implements Greeting { @Override @NotNull public String getMessage(@Size(min = 3) String name) { return format("Hello %s!", name); }}

Interface-as-a-Contract Defines pre and post conditions of a method using annotations.

Secure components can form security communities, with hard boarder controls and loose inner security.

Component A Component B

Component D

Component CStrong security

Loose security

No security

Trust boundary

A security architecture consists of components and communication channels that may be secured.

• Each system consists of security components that are connected by channels

• Different abstractions: components, processes, machines, …

• Different owners: trustworthy or untrusted

• Each security component has a defined security — from very secure to insecure

• Each communication channel has a defined security — from very secure to insecure

Some A

Some B

Channel A/B

The security architecture of a system describes how the ordinary architecture is secured at different levels.

Secure Technical InfrastructureTechnical Infrastructure

Technical Architecture Secure Technical Architecture

Application Architecture Secure Application Architecture

Security Requirements

Security Targets Security Targets

There is no 100% security.

It`s up to us developers and architects to build secure systems!

… if you allow everything and don‘t pay attention, don‘t blame others!

http://openbook.rheinwerk-verlag.de/java7/1507_22_002.html

Incorporate security into your daily development process.

Pay your employees well! Cater for a good work environment!

Mario-Leander Reimer Cheftechnologe, QAware GmbH mario-leander.reimer@qaware.de

https://www.qaware.de https://slideshare.net/MarioLeanderReimer/ https://speakerdeck.com/lreimer/ https://twitter.com/leanderreimer/

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