InterConnect: Java, Node.js and Swift - Which, Why and When

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InterConnect2017

5118: Java, Node.js and Swift: Which, When and Why

Chris BaileySTSM, Technical Architect Java, Node.js and Swift

Gary Cernosek, Offering ManagerApplication Runtimes & Frameworks

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GATEWAY

PUBLIC NETWORK CLOUD NETWORK

Client Devices Application Tier Database Tier

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30

40

50

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01/08/12

01/02/13

01/08/13

01/02/14

01/08/14

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01/08/16

Java

JavaScript

10 1/17/17Redmonk Programming Languages Rankings

http://redmonk.com/sogrady/category/programming-languages/

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40

50

60

01/02/12

01/08/12

01/02/13

01/08/13

01/02/14

01/08/14

01/02/15

01/08/15

01/02/16

01/08/16

Java

JavaScript

11 1/17/17Redmonk Programming Languages Rankings

http://redmonk.com/sogrady/category/programming-languages/

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10

20

30

40

50

60

01/02/12

01/08/12

01/02/13

01/08/13

01/02/14

01/08/14

01/02/15

01/08/15

01/02/16

01/08/16

Java

JavaScript

Swi5

12 1/17/17Redmonk Programming Languages Rankings

http://redmonk.com/sogrady/category/programming-languages/

13 1/17/17PopularitY of Programming Language (PYPL)

http://pypl.github.io/PYPL.html

14 1/17/17GitHut 2.0

https://madnight.github.io/githut/

15TIOBE Index

https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/

16

17

Runtime Language

18

Scripting LanguageRuntime Language

19

Scripting Language Modern Native LanguageRuntime Language

20

Type Safe Type Safe, with InferenceDynamically Typed

Scripting Language Modern Native LanguageRuntime Language

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Type Safe Type Safe, with InferenceDynamically Typed

Scripting Language Modern Native LanguageRuntime Language

Bytecode and JIT Compiled JIT Compiled Pre-Compiled

22

Type Safe Type Safe, with InferenceDynamically Typed

Garbage Collected

Scripting Language Modern Native LanguageRuntime Language

Garbage Collected Reference Counted

Bytecode and JIT Compiled JIT Compiled Pre-Compiled

23

Type Safe Type Safe, with InferenceDynamically Typed

Concurrent Threaded

Garbage Collected

Scripting Language Modern Native LanguageRuntime Language

Garbage Collected Reference Counted

Single Thread Concurrent Work Pool

Bytecode and JIT Compiled JIT Compiled Pre-Compiled

24

Type Safe Type Safe, with InferenceDynamically Typed

Concurrent Threaded

Garbage Collected

Scripting Language Modern Native LanguageRuntime Language

Garbage Collected Reference Counted

Single Thread Concurrent Work Pool

Bytecode and JIT Compiled JIT Compiled Pre-Compiled

All Platforms All Platforms Apple Platforms and Linux

25

Type Safety

Swift @ IBM

func add(_ a: Int, to b: Int) -> Void { print(a + b) }

Swift Node.js

Swift @ IBM

var add = function (a, b) { console.log(a + b); }

func add(_ a: Int, to b: Int) -> Void { print(a + b) }

Swift Node.js

Swift @ IBM

var add = function (a, b) { console.log(a + b); }

func add(_ a: Int, to b: Int) -> Void { print(a + b) }

Swift Node.js

Swift @ IBM

var add = function (a, b) { console.log(a + b); }

func add(_ a: Int, to b: Int) -> Void { print(a + b) }

Swift Node.js

Swift @ IBM

var add = function (a, b) { console.log(a + b); }

var a = 5; var b = 3;

func add(_ a: Int, to b: Int) -> Void { print(a + b) }

let a = 5 let b = 3

Swift Node.js

Swift @ IBM

var add = function (a, b) { console.log(a + b); }

var a = 5; var b = 3;

add(a, b);

func add(_ a: Int, to b: Int) -> Void { print(a + b) }

let a = 5 let b = 3

add(a, to: b)

Swift Node.js

Swift @ IBM

var add = function (a, b) { console.log(a + b); }

var a = 5; var b = 3;

add(a, b);

func add(_ a: Int, to b: Int) -> Void { print(a + b) }

let a = 5 let b = 3

add(a, to: b)

> swiftc main.swift

Swift Node.js

Swift @ IBM

var add = function (a, b) { console.log(a + b); }

var a = 5; var b = 3;

add(a, b);

> node app.js

func add(_ a: Int, to b: Int) -> Void { print(a + b) }

let a = 5 let b = 3

add(a, to: b)

> swiftc main.swift

> main

Swift Node.js

Swift @ IBM

var add = function (a, b) { console.log(a + b); }

var a = 5; var b = 3;

add(a, b);

> node app.js 8

func add(_ a: Int, to b: Int) -> Void { print(a + b) }

let a = 5 let b = 3

add(a, to: b)

> swiftc main.swift

> main 8

Swift Node.js

Swift @ IBM

var add = function (a, b) { console.log(a + b); }

var a = '5'; var b = 3;

add(a, b);

func add(_ a: Int, to b: Int) -> Void { print(a + b) }

let a = ”5” let b = 3

add(a, to: b)

Swift Node.js

Swift @ IBM

var add = function (a, b) { console.log(a + b); }

var a = '5'; var b = 3;

add(a, b);

func add(_ a: Int, to b: Int) -> Void { print(a + b) }

let a = ”5” let b = 3

add(a, to: b)

> swiftc main.swift

Swift Node.js

Swift @ IBM

var add = function (a, b) { console.log(a + b); }

var a = '5'; var b = 3;

add(a, b);

func add(_ a: Int, to b: Int) -> Void { print(a + b) }

let a = ”5” let b = 3

add(a, to: b)

> swiftc main.swift

> Error line 6: Cannot convert value of type ‘String’ into argument of type ‘Int’

Swift Node.js

Swift @ IBM

var add = function (a, b) { console.log(a + b); }

var a = '5'; var b = 3;

add(a, b);

> node app.js

> 53

func add(_ a: Int, to b: Int) -> Void { print(a + b) }

let a = ”5” let b = 3

add(a, to: b)

> swiftc main.swift > Error line 6: Cannot convert value of type ‘String’ into argument of type ‘Int’

Swift Node.js

Swift @ IBM

console.log('Hello' + + 'World')

Node.js

Swift @ IBM

console.log('Hello' + + 'World')

> 'HelloNaN'

Node.js

Swift @ IBM

console.log('Hello' + + 'World')

> 'HelloNaN'

var x = 3 console.log('5' - x + x)

Node.js

Swift @ IBM

console.log('Hello' + + 'World')

> 'HelloNaN'

var x = 3 console.log('5' - x + x)

> 5

Node.js

Swift @ IBM

console.log('Hello' + + 'World')

> 'HelloNaN'

var x = 3 console.log('5' - x + x)

> 5

var x = 3 console.log('5' + x - x)

Node.js

Swift @ IBM

console.log('Hello' + + 'World')

> 'HelloNaN'

var x = 3 console.log('5' - x + x)

> 5

var x = 3 console.log('5' + x - x)

> 50

Node.js

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Performance

Runtime cost of dynamic typing

func add(_ a: Int, to b: Int) -> Int { return(a + b) }

Runtime cost of dynamic typing

func add(_ a: Int, to b: Int) -> Int { return(a + b) }

Runtime cost of dynamic typing

func add(_ a: Int, to b: Int) -> Int { return(a + b) }

addi

Runtime cost of dynamic typing

var add = function (a, b) { return(a + b); }

Check type of A

var add = function (a, b) { return(a + b); }

Runtime cost of dynamic typing

Check type of A

String

var add = function (a, b) { return(a + b); }

Check type of A

StringCheck type of B

var add = function (a, b) { return(a + b); }

Check type of A

StringConcatenate Check type of B

String

var add = function (a, b) { return(a + b); }

Check type of A

String

Number

Concatenate Check type of B

String

Convert Number to String

var add = function (a, b) { return(a + b); }

Check type of A

String

Number

Concatenate Check type of B

String

Convert Number to String

Concatenate

var add = function (a, b) { return(a + b); }

Check type of A

StringConcatenate Check type of B

String Number

Number

Convert Number to String

Concatenate

var add = function (a, b) { return(a + b); }

Check type of A

StringConcatenate Check type of B

Check type of B

String Number

Number

Convert Number to String

Concatenate

var add = function (a, b) { return(a + b); }

Check type of A

StringConcatenate Check type of B

Check type of B

StringString Number

Number

Convert Number to String

Concatenate

Convert Number to String

var add = function (a, b) { return(a + b); }

Check type of A

StringConcatenate Check type of B

Check type of B

StringString Number

Number

Convert Number to String

Concatenate

Convert Number to String

Concatenate

var add = function (a, b) { return(a + b); }

Convert Number to StringCheck type of

AStringConcatenate Check type of

BCheck type of

BStringString Number

Number

Convert Number to String

Concatenate

ConcatenateNumber

var add = function (a, b) { return(a + b); }

Check type of A

StringConcatenate

FloatingPoint or Normal

Check type of B

Check type of B

StringString Number

Number

Convert Number to String

Concatenate

ConcatenateNumber

Convert Number to String

var add = function (a, b) { return(a + b); }

Check type of A

StringConcatenate

FloatingPoint or Normal

Float Calculation

Check type of B

Check type of B

StringString

Float

Number

Number

Convert Number to String

Concatenate

ConcatenateNumber

Convert Number to String

var add = function (a, b) { return(a + b); }

Check type of A

StringConcatenate

FloatingPoint or Normal

Normal Add InstructionFloat Calculation

Check type of B

Check type of B

StringString

Float

Number

Number

Convert Number to String

Concatenate

ConcatenateNumber

Convert Number to String

var add = function (a, b) { return(a + b); }

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Dur

atio

n (s

) (lo

wer

is b

ette

r)

http://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u64q/performance.php?test=spectralnorm

Typed vs Untyped Performance

4

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

http://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u64q/performance.php?test=spectralnorm

Typed vs Untyped Performance

Dur

atio

n (s

) (lo

wer

is b

ette

r)

4 4.3

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

http://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u64q/performance.php?test=spectralnorm

Typed vs Untyped Performance

Dur

atio

n (s

) (lo

wer

is b

ette

r)

4 4.3

15.8

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

http://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u64q/performance.php?test=spectralnorm

Typed vs Untyped Performance

Dur

atio

n (s

) (lo

wer

is b

ette

r)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

JSONSerializa2on SingleQuery DataUpdates

TechEmpowerPerformance(%ageofbest-higherisbe0er)

More Computation

More I/O

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

JSONSerializa2on SingleQuery DataUpdates

TechEmpowerPerformance(%ageofbest-higherisbe0er)

More Computation

More I/O

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

JSONSerializa2on SingleQuery DataUpdates

TechEmpowerPerformance(%ageofbest-higherisbe0er)

More Computation

More I/O

More Computation

More I/O

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

JSONSerializa2on SingleQuery DataUpdates

TechEmpowerPerformance(%ageofbest-higherisbe0er)

72

DeveloperProductivity

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000Vo

lum

e of

Cod

e (lo

wer

is b

ette

r)

http://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u64q/performance.php?test=spectralnorm

Typed vs Untyped Developer Productivity

601

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

http://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u64q/performance.php?test=spectralnorm

Typed vs Untyped Developer Productivity

Volu

me

of C

ode

(low

er is

bet

ter)

Volu

me

of C

ode

(low

er is

bet

ter)

601

950

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

http://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u64q/performance.php?test=spectralnorm

Typed vs Untyped Developer Productivity

Volu

me

of C

ode

(low

er is

bet

ter)

Volu

me

of C

ode

(low

er is

bet

ter)

601

950

413

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

http://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u64q/performance.php?test=spectralnorm

Typed vs Untyped Developer Productivity

Volu

me

of C

ode

(low

er is

bet

ter)

Volu

me

of C

ode

(low

er is

bet

ter)

77

Memory Management

Mem

ory

Heap Size

Mem

ory

Live in-use data(Retained Set)

Heap Size

Mem

ory

Live in-use data(Retained Set)

Heap Size

Temporary Data(Garbage)

Temporary Data(Garbage)

Mem

ory

Live in-use data(Retained Set)

Heap Size

Temporary Data(Garbage)

Temporary Data(Garbage)

Mem

ory

Live in-use data(Retained Set)

Heap Size

Temporary Data(Garbage)

Temporary Data(Garbage)

Mem

ory

Live in-use data(Retained Set)

Heap Size

Temporary Data(Garbage)

Temporary Data(Garbage)

40 to 70%

Mem

ory

Live in-use data(Retained Set)

Heap Size

Temporary Data(Garbage)

Temporary Data(Garbage)

40 to 70%

~2X additional memory for additional performance

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

ARC vs Garage Collection

Mem

ory

Usa

ge (M

B)

(low

er is

bet

ter)

http://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u64q/performance.php?test=spectralnorm

15

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

ARC vs Garage Collection

http://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u64q/performance.php?test=spectralnorm

Mem

ory

Usa

ge (M

B)

(low

er is

bet

ter)

15

32.2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

ARC vs Garage Collection

http://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u64q/performance.php?test=spectralnorm

Mem

ory

Usa

ge (M

B)

(low

er is

bet

ter)

15

32.2

25.3

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

ARC vs Garage Collection

http://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u64q/performance.php?test=spectralnorm

Mem

ory

Usa

ge (M

B)

(low

er is

bet

ter)

Cloud CostsProvider Type Memory CPUs Cost/month

Amazon EC2 Linux t2.nano 512MB 1 vCPU $4.68

Digital Ocean Standard 512MB 1 Core Processor $5.00

Pivotal Cloud Foundry

App Instance 512MB 4 vCPUs $10.80

Heroku Standard 1x 512MB 1 Share $25.00

IBM Bluemix Instant Runtimes

512MB 4 vCPUs $24.15

Containers 512MB 4 vCPUs $10.22

Cloud CostsProvider Type Memory CPUs Cost/month

Amazon EC2 Linux t2.nano 512MB 1 vCPU $4.68Linux t2.micro 1GB 1 vCPU $9.36

Digital Ocean Standard 512MB 1 Core Processor $5.00Standard 1GB 1 Core Processor $10.00

Pivotal Cloud Foundry

App Instance 512MB 4 vCPUs $10.80App Instance 1GB 4 vCPUs $21.60

Heroku Standard 1x 512MB 1 Share $25.00Standard 2x 1GB 2 Shares $50.00

IBM Bluemix Instant Runtimes

512MB 4 vCPUs $24.15Instant

Runtimes1GB 4 vCPUs $49.35

Containers 512MB 4 vCPUs $10.22Containers 1GB 4 vCPUs $20.59

Cloud CostsProvider Type Memory CPUs Cost/month

Amazon EC2 Linux t2.nano 512MB 1 vCPU $4.68Linux t2.micro 1GB 1 vCPU $9.36Linux t2.small 2GB 1 vCPU $18.72

Digital Ocean Standard 512MB 1 Core Processor $5.00Standard 1GB 1 Core Processor $10.00Standard 2GB 2 Core

Processors$20.00

Pivotal Cloud Foundry

App Instance 512MB 4 vCPUs $10.80App Instance 1GB 4 vCPUs $21.60App Instance 2GB 4 vCPUs $43.20

Heroku Standard 1x 512MB 1 Share $25.00Standard 2x 1GB 2 Shares $50.00

IBM Bluemix Instant Runtimes

512MB 4 vCPUs $24.15Instant

Runtimes1GB 4 vCPUs $49.35

Containers 512MB 4 vCPUs $10.22Containers 1GB 4 vCPUs $20.59

Cloud CostsProvider Type Memory CPUs Cost/month

Amazon EC2 Linux t2.nano 512MB 1 vCPU $4.68Linux t2.micro 1GB 1 vCPU $9.36Linux t2.small 2GB 1 vCPU $18.72

Linux t2.medium 4GB 2 vCPUs $37.44Digital Ocean Standard 512MB 1 Core Processor $5.00

Standard 1GB 1 Core Processor $10.00Standard 2GB 2 Core

Processors$20.00

Pivotal Cloud Foundry

App Instance 512MB 4 vCPUs $10.80App Instance 1GB 4 vCPUs $21.60App Instance 2GB 4 vCPUs $43.20

Heroku Standard 1x 512MB 1 Share $25.00Standard 2x 1GB 2 Shares $50.00

IBM Bluemix Instant Runtimes

512MB 4 vCPUs $24.15Instant

Runtimes1GB 4 vCPUs $49.35

Containers 512MB 4 vCPUs $10.22Containers 1GB 4 vCPUs $20.59

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Full Stack Development

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95

Unless it is absolutely necessary to run Java in web browsers, disable it as described below, even after updating to 7u11. This will help mitigate other Java vulnerabilities that may be discovered in the future.

This and previous Java vulnerabilities have been widely targeted by attackers, and new Java vulnerabilities are likely to be discovered. To defend against this and future Java vulnerabilities, consider disabling Java in web browsers…

96

Unless it is absolutely necessary to run Java in web browsers, disable it as described below, even after updating to 7u11. This will help mitigate other Java vulnerabilities that may be discovered in the future.

This and previous Java vulnerabilities have been widely targeted by attackers, and new Java vulnerabilities are likely to be discovered. To defend against this and future Java vulnerabilities, consider disabling Java in web browsers…

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•Reuse of code components •Write One Run Anywhere

•Sharing of data models •Less maintenance

•Server-side rendering •Pre-Initialise UI on the server •Improves first paint time •Enables search indexing

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+

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+

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+

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+

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Which, Where, When?

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Node.js SwiftJava

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High Processing Performance

Transaction Processing Frameworks

Node.js SwiftJava

Type Safety for Calculations

112

High Processing Performance

Transaction Processing Frameworks

Node.js SwiftJava

Type Safety for Calculations

Business Logic Performance Critical

Batch Processing

113

High Processing Performance High IO Performance

Transaction Processing Frameworks

Node.js SwiftJava

Fullstack Web Development

Type Safety for Calculations Async Programming for Scale

Business Logic Performance Critical

Batch Processing

114

High Processing Performance High IO Performance

Transaction Processing Frameworks

Node.js SwiftJava

Fullstack Web Development

Type Safety for Calculations Async Programming for Scale

Business Logic Performance Critical

Batch Processing

Delivery Tier Enterprise Modernisation

115

High Processing Performance High IO Performance

Transaction Processing Frameworks

Node.js SwiftJava

Fullstack Web Development

Type Safety for Calculations Async Programming for Scale ?Business Logic

Performance Critical Batch Processing

Delivery Tier Enterprise Modernisation

116

Emerging Architectures

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GATEWAY

PUBLIC NETWORK CLOUD NETWORK

Client Devices Application Tier Database Tier

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GATEWAY

PUBLIC NETWORK CLOUD NETWORK

Client Devices Service Tier Database Tier

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GATEWAY

PUBLIC NETWORK CLOUD NETWORK

Client Devices Service Tier Database TierDelivery Tier

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GATEWAY

PUBLIC NETWORK CLOUD NETWORK

Client Devices Service Tier Hosted ServicesDelivery Tier

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GATEWAY

PUBLIC NETWORK CLOUD NETWORK

Client Devices Hosted ServicesDelivery Tier

ROUTING PROXY

Micro-Services

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GATEWAY

PUBLIC NETWORK CLOUD NETWORK

Client Devices Hosted ServicesDelivery Tier

ROUTING PROXY

Micro-Services

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GATEWAY

PUBLIC NETWORK CLOUD NETWORK

Client Devices Hosted ServicesDelivery Tier

ROUTING PROXY

Micro-Services

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GATEWAY

PUBLIC NETWORK CLOUD NETWORK

Client Devices Hosted ServicesDelivery Tier

ROUTING PROXY

Micro-Services

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GATEWAY

PUBLIC NETWORK CLOUD NETWORK

Client Devices Hosted ServicesDelivery Tier

ROUTING PROXY

Micro-Services

API Team

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GATEWAY

PUBLIC NETWORK CLOUD NETWORK

Client Devices Hosted ServicesDelivery Tier

ROUTING PROXY

Micro-Services

API Team

Web Team

Android Team

iOS Team

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Server Side Rendering

First Paint Time

Search Engine Optimisation

Network Payload Size

CPU Usage

Request Frequency

Battery UsageMemory Usage

128

129

130

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GATEWAY

PUBLIC NETWORK CLOUD NETWORK

Client Devices Hosted ServicesDelivery Tier

ROUTING PROXY

Micro-Services

API Team

Web Team

Android Team

iOS Team

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GATEWAY

PUBLIC NETWORK CLOUD NETWORK

Client Devices Hosted ServicesDelivery Tier

ROUTING PROXY

Micro-Services

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GATEWAY

PUBLIC NETWORK CLOUD NETWORK

Client Devices Hosted ServicesDelivery Tier

ROUTING PROXY

Micro-Services

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GATEWAY

PUBLIC NETWORK CLOUD NETWORK

Client Devices Hosted ServicesDelivery Tier

ROUTING PROXY

Micro-Services

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GATEWAY

PUBLIC NETWORK CLOUD NETWORK

Client Devices Hosted Services

ROUTING PROXY

Micro-ServicesBackend For Frontend(BFF)

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Project Generation Infra

Local PluginBl

uem

ix CL

I

Bluemix Dashboard

1. Starts with…

Bluemix

Codes …

Check in to…

App

DevOps Open Toolchains

Github

Kicks off…

Builds & Deploys…

Project Plugin

Developer

Calls …Generates …

Source Code

IDE Orion, VSCode, Atom,

Xcode…

Autoscale Logmet BAM

Integrates with …

Provisions …

Local ContainerLocal container generation and management Local build and debug

Project scaffolding SDK gen Service provisioning API Model generation Swagger generation

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http://developer.ibm.com/cloud-native

Bluemix Mobile & Omni-Channel!BMO-6321: Patterns in Omni-Channel Cloud Application Development

Containers & Microservices!BMC-2173: Introduction to Docker Containers and Microservices

Visit the DevZone in the Concourse for open Hello World labs and Ask Me Anything booths!

Wednesday, 11:15 AM - 12:00 PM | South Pacific C | Session ID: 6321A

Tuesday, 4:45 PM - 5:30 PM | South Pacific A | Session ID: 2173A

Tuesday, 11:00 AM - 12:45 PM | DevZone Ask Me Anything # 2 | Session ID: 7087AAsk Me Anything: Bluemix Cloud-Native Development

Ask Me Anything: Server-Side Swift DevelopmentWednesday, 2:30 PM - 5:00 PM | DevZone Ask Me Anything # 6 | Session ID: 7088A

Node.js & LoopBackBAP-1117: Introduction to LoopBackNode.js Framework

Liberty & MicroservicesBAP - 5081: Microservices with IBM WebSphere Liberty:What, Why and When?

Wednesday, 11:15 AM - 12:00 PM | Islander F | Session ID: 1117A

Tuesday, 7:00 PM - 7:20 PM | Engagement Theater Booth #319 | Session ID: 5081A

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Questions?

144 1/17/17

Please noteIBM’s statements regarding its plans, directions, and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice at IBM’s sole discretion.

Information regarding potential future products is intended to outline our general product direction and it should not be relied on in making a purchasing decision.

The information mentioned regarding potential future products is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation to deliver any material, code or functionality. Information about potential future products may not be incorporated into any contract.

The development, release, and timing of any future features or functionality described for our products remains at our sole discretion.

Performance is based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The actual throughput or performance that any user will experience will vary depending upon many factors, including considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming inthe user’s job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage configuration, and the workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve results similar to those stated here.

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Notices and disclaimersCopyright © 2017 by International Business Machines Corporation (IBM). No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without written permission from IBM.

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IBM products are manufactured from new parts or new and used parts. In some cases, a product may not be new and may have been previously installed. Regardless, our warranty terms apply.”

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Performance data contained herein was generally obtained in a controlled, isolated environments. Customer examples are presented as illustrations of how those customers have used IBM products and the results they may have achieved. Actual performance, cost, savings or other results in other operating environments may vary.

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Notices and disclaimers continuedInformation concerning non-IBM products was obtained from the suppliers of those products, their published announcements or other publicly available sources. IBM has not tested those products in connection with this publication and cannot confirm the accuracy of performance, compatibility or any other claims related to non-IBM products. Questions on the capabilities of non-IBM products should be addressed to the suppliers of those products. IBM does not warrant the quality of any third-party products, or the ability of any such third-party products to interoperate with IBM’s products. IBM expressly disclaims all warranties, expressed or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular, purpose.

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