Android by LAlitha

Andy Rubin

What is an Operating System?

What is An Android?

History of Android?

Open Source-Closed Source OS

OHA(Open Handset Alliance)& Members in OHA.

History of Android Versions?

Versions

Android Architecture

Tools and Languages

Submitting of An Android application into Android market.

An Operating System act as interface between

User and Mobile hardware.

Each manufacture consists of separate Operating

System their product Namely

=>Nokia- Symbian, Belle , Windows,Android

=>Samsung- Bada, Android

=>Apple- iOS

=>BlackBerry- BlackBerryOS

=>HTC-Symbian ,Android.

An Android is a Linux-based Operating System & a set of

software packages for Mobile device such as Mobiles,

Tablets, Computer Notebooks.

A free Open Source Operating System for Mobile

Devices.

Android is not Only for Mobiles.

It is currently used in Televisions,Watches,Washing

Machines, Tablets.

It is not a product or a device.

It consists of Linux-based kernel ,middleware and key

Applications.

Android Incorporation was founded in Palo Alto,

California, United States in October, 2003 by Andy

Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears and Chris White.

Google financially supports initial developer and

purchased it in 2005.

Android is a Andy’s nick name because of his fascination

in robot.

Andy Rubin and the team worked on the precursor to

Android, which they aimed would run on phones and

digital cameras.

OHA formed in 2007 and Google was released Android

beta version as an open source under Apache licsense.

Open Source:

Open-source is a development model promotes

an universal access via a free license to a

Product.

Ex: Ubuntu, Open Solaris, Free BSD.

Closed Source:

Closed-source is also a development model and

it have certain license we must buy and it’s

source code doesn’t share with public.

Ex: Windows, Mac OS, Solaris .

OHA is a consortium of 98 firms to develop Open

standard for Mobile device.

OHA was established on 6 Nov 2007 led by

Google with 34 members including Mobile

Handset makers, application developers, Mobile

carriers and chip makers.

Members of firms including

Google,Dell,HTC,Intel , LG-Electronics,

Samsung-E lectronics,T-Mobiles, Sprint Nextel,

and Texas Instruments, Nvidia.

chip maker

Android has been seen number of updates from

its original Version.

Each updated version typically fix the bugs and

adding new features from its previous version.

Android version name starts with Alphabetical

order.

Each Android version named under a dessert(One

sweet item).

Android beta version was released Nov-2007.

1.0-Astro or Alpha in 2008(Sep).

1.1-Blender or beta in 2009(Feb).

1.5-Cupcake in 2009(Apr).

1.6-Donut in 2009(Sep).

2.0/2.1- Éclairs in 2009(Oct).

2.2- Froyo in 2010(May).

2.3-GingerBread in 2010(Dec).

3.0-HoneyComb in 2011(Feb).

4.0- Ice-cream sandwich in 2011(Oct).

4.1/4.2- JellyBeans in 2012(Jun).

4.4-Kitkat in 2013 (Sep).

5.0- lollipop in 2014(Nov).

Cupcake: It is the major OS for Android ,it supports widgets and folders on home screen.

Donut: It is resolution of Home screen widgets and folders and it have efficient camera interface.

Éclairs: It is mainly used for browsing purpose and it also update the Google map API.

Froyo: It is faster than previous versions due to Just-in-time compiler and it supports Adobe flash.

Gingerbread: It is mainly used for UI, and it have NFC(Near Field Communication) so that the devices are can share the data with out connection.

Honeycomb: It is mainly used for tablets but it was little bit succeeded but greatly improved in 3D rendering and hardware acceluration.

Ice Cream Sandwich: It is refined version of Honeycomb

and it optimizes the mobile device.

Jellybeans: It support multiple account users , home

screen notifications, lock screen widgets, quick search

notification bars, photosphere, Google now.

Kitkat: It having lot of advantages like Better memory

management, Improved Google Now, hangouts app

upgreaded,smart caller Id, immersive mode, integrated

with cloud storage, lock screen Art.

Lollipop: Project Volta – Big Battery Life, Material

Design, New Notifications.

Android is based on 2.6 Linux kernel.

Kernel act as a bridge between S/W and H/W.

It provides some system services such as

Security, Process management, Memory

management and drivers .

Each Android run on its own processor instead of Dalvik

virtual Machine.

Dalvik has been written so that a device can run on

multiple VMs efficiently.

The DVM executes files in Dalvik executable format

which optimized for minimal memory.

DVM converts the .class files into the .dex(Dalivk

executable) files.

Android includes a set of C/C++ libraries used by

various components of Android System.

Surface Manager: manages Access to display

subsystem and seamlessly composites 2D and 3D

graphic layers from multiple applications.

SSL: Source Socket layer.

SGL: Scalable Graphics Library.

SQLite: It is a powerful and light weight relational

Data Base Engine available to all application.

Android will ships a set of core applications including

email client, SMS program, calendar, Maps, Browser and

Contacts.

In application framework we have many components

one of the very important component of application

framework is activity manager. This is the component

which actually manages life cycle of the applications

and gives us a common back-stack for navigates.

Tolls used in Android:

• Android SDK

• Java JDK

• Eclipse IDE

• ADT-plugin

Languages used in Android:

• Java

• XML(Extensible Markup Language)

Eclipse IDE Eclipse IDE is an open source community whose project building

tools and frameworks are developed for general purpose applications.

The most popular usage of Eclipse is as a Java development environment. So android project also developed using eclipse.

Download the ADT(Android Development Tool) plugin

• Start Eclipse, then select Help > Install New Software

• Click Add, in the top-right corner.

• In the Add Repository dialog that appears, enter "ADT

Plugin" for the Name and the following URL for the

Location.

https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse

• Click OK.

Select Window > Preferences... to open the

Preferences panel (on Mac OS X, select

Eclipse > Preferences).

Select Android from the left panel.

For the SDK Location in the main panel, click

Browse... and locate your downloaded

Android SDK directory (such as android-sdk-

windows).

Click Apply, then OK.

AVD Manager provides a Graphical User Interface

in which you can create and manage the AVD,

which are required by the Emulator .

You can launch the AVD Manager in using this

path

select Window --> AVD Manager, or click the

AVD Manager icon in the Eclipse toolbar.

src – your source code(JAVA)

gen – auto-generated code (usually just R.java)

Included libraries

Resources(XML)

Drawables (like .png images)

Layouts

Values (like strings)

Manifest file

• Preferred way of creating User Interface.

• Used to define some of the resources

Layouts (UI)

Strings

• Manifest file

• Auto-generated: you shouldn’t edit it

• Contains IDs of the project resources

• Enforces good software engineering

• Use findViewById and Resources object to get

access to the resources

Ex. Button b =

(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1)

Ex. getResources().getString(R.string.hello));

• In res/values

strings.xml

• Application wide available strings

• Promotes good software engineering

• UI components made in the UI editor should have text defined in strings.xml

• Strings are just one kind of ‘Value’ there are many others

Contains characteristics about your application

When have more than one Activity in app, NEED

to specify it in manifest file

Add an Activity in manifest.xml

Need to specify Services and other components

too.

Also important to define permissions and

external libraries, like Google Maps API

To run android application right click your project and

Run as Android Application

To debug your application right click your project and

Debug as Android Application

There are 7 steps

STEP1:

Make sure you’ve properly prepared, tested,

and compiled your app as outlined in

the Android Developers Guide.

Create a Developer profile on the Android

Market. From the Android Market site, sign with

your Google Account. If you don’t have a Google

Account, you can register for one on Google.

To create the Developer profile, you’ll need to

provide your name, email, website URL, and

phone number.

Pay a $25 registration fee. This is a one-time

fee required for all developers, even if you are

publishing a free app. You can pay using credit

card or Google Checkout.

Agree to the Android Market Developer

Distribution Agreement.

Once you’ve completed the registration

portion, you’re ready to upload your app. Click

the Upload Application button.

Upload your compiled .apk file to the Android

Market. You’ll need to fill out a form and upload

all assets including any screenshots or

promotional graphics. On the form, you will

provide details such as a title, description of

your app, category, price, and language.

Once the App is uploaded, you should see in the

Android Market in a matter of moments.