Radiation - A Key Space Exploration Challenge

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Welcome to the SR2S Workshop!

Radiation: a key space exploration challenge

P. Messidoro, C. Lobascio

Thales Alenia Space Italia, Torino, Italy

Our mission:Space Exploration & Science

Image credit: NASA

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There’s Italy behind the ISS… literally!

Image credit: NASA

There’s Italy behind the ISS… literally!

Italian Contribution

50% habitable volumes designed & integrated in Torino by Thales Alenia Space – Italia

Columbus

Node 2

Node 3

Cupola

ATV - ICC

Permanent Modules

Logistic Modules

Image credit: NASA

CygnusPCM

Our contribution

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Commercial Transportation

Services

Technology Demonstrators

Post-ISS

Inflatable Habitats

Lunar Pressurized Rovers

ExoMars

Long Duration Habitat

Cis-lunar Complex

Marco Polo

ISS Test Bed for Exploration

Lunar Landers

MPCV/ ESM

TAS-I Space Exploration Road map

The Space Radiation challenge

Superstorms

Earth barely missed solar superstorm on 23 July 2012 (Ref.:

Nature Comms 5: 3481)

Potentially similar to 1859 Carrington Event

Damage in US estimated at $0.6-2.6 trillion (Ref.: Lloyd’s

Atm. & Env. Res, 2013)

Mars human mission

•Each year 1/3 of DNA damaged by Galactic Cosmic Ray

•Dose ~ 0.8 Sv/y vs 0.05 Sv/y for nuclear plant workers (Friedberg)

Radiation effects

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Countermeasures – the Fantastic Four

1 Passive Shielding

2 Active Shielding

3 Drugs & Diet & genetic

4 Forecast

Also: Reduction of Biological

Risk Uncertainties

Passive shielding: Space Heritage for… larger particles

High Resistance Meteoroids & Debris Shields: Columbus

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ΔM = 1 t

Δ$ ~ 50 M$

Columbus

Adding 1 g/cm2 for radiation protection means…

Mass is the currency of space!

Ground Testing in accelerators (ESA – ROSSINI)

Flight Testing on ISS (ALTCRISS, M. Casolino)

POLYETHYLENETILES + dosimeters

Flight Testing on ISS (ALTEA Shield, L. Narici)

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Passive shielding is…

Liquid H2

PolyethyleneWater

Aluminum

Available technology

Effective for Solar Particle Ev.

Hydrogen-rich materials

> effective

Unable to protect from

Galactic Cosmic Rays

in long deep space missions

Kevlar epoxy

Active Shielding

And now: Shields Up!

Thanks for your attention!

Need of reliable Space Weather Forecasts

The twin NASA Van Allen Probes orbit in Earth's

inner and outer radiation belts.

Credit: JHU/APL, NASA

Source: NASA NIAC

Cosmic Rays

Solar Particles

Meteoroids & Debris

Vacuum

Residual Atmosphere

Plasma

Space environment…

natural space radiation environment

GCR SPE

1996 2015

overall risk

risk coefficientshigh-LET radiation

risk coefficientslow-LET radiation

radiation transport(calculations)

radiationenvironment(spectra)

400-1500%

Uncertainties in radiation risk

NASA risk uncertainty reduction strategy

PEPS Planetary Environment Protection Solutions

Baffle Trap

Facility Control System

Internal Chamber

Planetary Environment

Simulation Chamber (PESCha)

Dust Removal System Dust Particle Counter

Moon & Mars Soil Simulant

Dust Mitigation TechnologiesSecurity Cabinet

Radiation Sources

Radiation Shielding Technologies

Pressurized Module – structures, passive thermal elements

Micro-meteoroid & Orbital Debris Shielding

Passive Thermal Insulation

Primary Structure Pressurized w/ Hatches

Secondary structures and racks To accommodate equipment and experiments

Mission Control

Cupola… inspiring people on orbit and on Earth

Credit Space.com

Today and future ISS: Commercial Systems

Key impacts of space flight (and aging) on humans

Adaptation

during (and after) flight

• Muscular atrophy • Osteoporosis

• Cardio-vascular

deconditioning• Immune system deficit

Ionizing RadiationModified gravity

• Cataract• Cancer

Acute / Late

Deterministic Stochastic

effects

Orion System Elements

Spacecraft Adapter

structural transition to launch vehicle

Launch Abort System emergency escape during launch

Crew Module crew and cargo transport

European Service Modulepropulsion, electrical power, fluids storage

Gravity 3.72 m/s2

Temperature130K 300K.Nominal 215K

Solar radiation615 W/m2

Thin CO2 atmosphere

(7 hPa)

RadiationAtmosphere shields about 16 g/cm2

Local magnetic field

Terrain composition• SiO2 (44.7%)• Fe2O3 (18.2%) • MgO (8.3%) • Al2O3 (5.7%)• CaO (5.6%)

EXOMARS

Objectives: Demonstrate European capability to land

a surface package on Mars Perform Mars Atmosphere investigation Provide communications capability for

present and future missions

EXOMARS 2016

Human MARS Exploration

Tito, who paid about $20 million to visit the International Space Station in 2001, has founded a new nonprofit company called the Inspiration Mars Foundation. The manned mission is intended to “generate new knowledge, experience and momentum for the next great era of space exploration”

Wired, 20 Feb 2013

from 100 m3

to 400- 500 m3

Space Habitats Evolution:

INFLATABLEs

Solar System ExplorationSolar System Exploration

Active Shielding

Radiation - A Key Space Exploration Challenge

Science

Exploration & Exploitation Challenge 2011

The Exploration Atmospheres Working Group’s …...NASA/TM—2006–214604 The Exploration Atmospheres Working Group’s Report on Space Radiation Shielding Materials A.F. Barghouty

THERMAL AND RADIATION EXPOSURE OF GRAPHENE …hr475nc1100/...thermal and radiation exposure of graphene-enhanced gallium nitride ultraviolet photodetectors for space exploration a

Space Faring The Radiation Challenge - Science with Spencesciencewithspence.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/3/9/13393716/radiation... · Most radiation is unable to reach the surface of the

Exploration Systems Radiation Monitoring … of Exploration System Radiation Monitoring Requirements ... Radiation Monitoring for Exploration Missions ... Radiation Assessment Detector

Meta-Reinforcement Learning of Structured Exploration Strategiespapers.nips.cc/paper/7776-meta-reinforcement-learning-of... · 2019-02-19 · Exploration is a fundamental challenge

Space Faring The Radiation Challenge · Space Faring The Radiation Challenge Module 2: Radiation Damage in Living Organisms. An ... rather than the complex mix of radiation types

THERMAL, RADIATION AND IMPACT PROTECTIVE SHIELDS …THERMAL, RADIATION AND IMPACT PROTECTIVE SHIELDS (TRIPS) FOR ROBOTIC AND HUMAN SPACE EXPLORATION MISSIONS SECOND INTERNATIONAL

OilSim Exploration OLF OILSIM 2008. Overview Purpose: Enhance your overall understanding of petroleum exploration Multidisciplinary challenge You are

Radiation Environment and Radiation Dosimetry in the Upper … · 2016-01-06 · Center for Radiation Engineering and Science for Space Exploration National Aeronautics and Space

Space Faring The Radiation ChallengeNational Aeronautics and Space Administration Space Faring The Radiation Challenge. Introduction and Module 1: Radiation. An Interdisciplinary Guide

Bell Challenge What is an explorer? What encourages or discourages exploration?

E3 Plus: A Framework for Responsible Exploration CSR, Mineral Exploration and the Challenge of Accountability Bernarda Elizalde, Program Director Sustainable

CCNA Exploration 4.0.4 - Ridgewater College€¦ · · 2010-04-14CCNA Exploration Network Fundamentals: Living in a Network-Centric World 1.7.1: Skills Integration Challenge-Introduction

Nasa Exploration Design Challenge- Afterschool Universe

Cancer: The Challenge Goes Commercial - IQVIAus.imshealth.com/ask/documents/ims_cancer_goes_commercial_01-10-07.pdfCancer: The Challenge Goes Commercial AN EXPLORATION OF THE FORCES

Orion Exploration Mission 1: Proposed Radiation ... · Orion Exploration Mission 1: Proposed Radiation Measurements in ... –Orion radiation protection solution ... 216 kg of dedicated

Exploration 8: The Rotorcraft Challenge · 2015. 11. 25. · Robin Whirlybird on her Rotorcraft Adventures Educator Guide EG-2003-10-001-ARC 75 Exploration 8: The Rotorcraft Challenge

Space Faring The Radiation Challenge · biology, physics, astrophysics, planetary science, and engineering. The Space Faring: The Radiation Challenge educator guide helps to link

Space Radiation and Exploration - NASA · 27-02-2008 · Space Radiation and Exploration Francis A. Cucinotta, Ph.D. Chief Scientist, NASA Space Radiation Program Element Date: February