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www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium
Phenological and Physiological Responses
of Soybean Varieties and Planting Date
Canon Engoke, Steve Boahen & David Chikoye
23 November 2015 (R4D Week 2015)
www.iita.org A member of the CGIAR consortium
Canon Engoke, Steve Boahen & David Chikoye
Soybean in Mozambique
www.iita.org A member of the CGIAR consortium
Major Soybean Production Interventions
Improve
Yield and variety adaptation
Crop management practices (protection and husbandry)
Capacity (learn), capability (develop) and competence
(skill)
Access and production of `clean´ seeds
Introduction
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Nampula (Nampula, Meconta,
Murrupula districts etc.)
- Zambezia (Gurue district)
- Tete (Angonia and Tsangano
districts)
- Manica (Sussundenga and
Macate districts)
Research sites
Soybean in Mozambique
www.iita.org A member of the CGIAR consortium
Evaluate the effect of planting date on yield and
yield components
Evaluate the effect of planting time on leaf area
index (LAI), photosynthesis/transpiration = Water
Use Efficiency (WUE), and radiation use efficiency
Soybean in Mozambique
Objectives
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Research in Mozambique Methodology and Strategy
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Design = Split-plot, 4 – 6 Planting date (main plots)
and 6 Varieties = (sub-plot) in four Locations
Two seasons with first planting dates 2 – 30 Dec
2013 (2013/2014) and 10 Dec 2014 and 5 Jan 2015
(2014/2015) then two weeks interval
Varieties
Storm
TGx 1835-10E
TGx 1904-6F
TGx 1908-8F
TGx 1972-1F
TGx 1951-3F
Field Layout and Design
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Data Collection and Analysis
Soybean in Mozambique
Plant height, height to first pod
Yield components (Grain yield, Plant biomass,
Nodule population & dry weight, Pods per plant,
Seeds per pod, 100-seed weight)
Days after planting (flowering, podding, beginning of
seed, full seed and maturity)
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Research in Mozambique Soybean in Mozambique
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LAI, radiation, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and CO2
conc. transpiration, chlorophyll content, WUE (3 growth stages)
Data Collection and Analysis
Two-step data analysis in PROC GLM (SAS 9.4) as combined
and by location
Pearson correlation coefficients (SAS 9.4)
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Day length sensitivity
Reduced rainfall
Higher temp.
Diseases
Delayed Planting Reduce Yields
14-day delay
for Storm:
Average yield loss
= 702kg/ha/14
≈ 50 kg/ha/day
≈ USD20/ha/day
Results and discussions
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Delayed Planting Reduce Components
Planting Date
Plant
Height
First Pod
Height Pods Seed Upper Lower Combine
cm cm /plant /pod ---100-Seed Weight (g)---
5th Dec 2013 64.6 18.0 15.9 2.5 14.0 13.5 13.7
15th Dec 2013 62.8 18.4 16.5 2.5 13.7 13.1 12.9
29th Dec 2013 55.4 16.7 14.3 2.4 12.3 12.0 12.4
14th Jan 2014 44.2 12.6 10.9 1.7 11.9 12.0 12.1
2nd Feb 2014 41.9 11.8 9.2 1.7 10.7 11.6 11.3
Correlation -0.76 -0.82 -0.85 -0.87 -0.38 -0.31 -0.33
p-value <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 0.0204 0.0669 0.0508
Soybean in Mozambique
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Soybean in Mozambique
Location Ruace Muriaze
Corr. -0.92 -0.84
p-value <.0001 <.0001
Relating Planting Date to Yield
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Soybean in Mozambique
Planting Date VE_R2FB R5_R8
20th Dec 2014 39 47
02nd Jan 2015 39 47
14th Jan 2015 39 46
24th Jan 2015 39 45
05th Feb 2015 38 41
15th Feb 2015 38 40
Pods Corr 0.63 0.61
p-value <.0001 <.0001
Yield Corr 0.44 0.57
p-value 0.0076 0.0003
Shorter Growth Stage Reduce Pods and Yield
Pods Yield
22.0 1743
20.8 1509
20.3 1112
20.0 1079
17.1 978
15.3 777
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Soybean in Mozambique
% PAR Intercepted
Muriaze 25 72 84
Ruace 36 69 82
Relating Growth Stage to gs, LAI and PAR
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Soybean in Mozambique
Photosynthesis and Transpiration Rate at R5
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Soybean in Mozambique
PAR Intercepted and LAI by Growth
Increased from R2 to R6
Higher for late maturing genotypes
Increased from R2 to R6
Higher for late maturing genotypes
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Soybean in Mozambique
Planting Dates (PD)
PD1 PD2 PD3
Yie
ld (
kg
ha
-1)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Wa
ter
Use
Eff
icie
ncy
4.0
4.4
4.8
5.2
5.6
6.0
Yield Muriaze
Yield Ruace
WUE Muriaze
WUE Ruace
Planting Dates (PD)
PD1 PD2 PD3
Yie
ld (
kg
ha
-1)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500W
ate
r U
se
Eff
icie
ncy
4.0
4.4
4.8
5.2
5.6
6.0
Yield Muriaze
Yield Ruace
WUE Muriaze
WUE Ruace
WUE and Yield Declined with Delayed Planting
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Conclusion and Way Forward
Delayed planting reduce growth, yield and yield
components of soybean
Late planting reduced photosynthesis and transpiration
leading to low WUE
Decreased LAI led to inefficient radiation use
More efforts required to educate and recommend to
farmers suitable varieties to match the planting time
Soybean in Mozambique
www.iita.org A member of the CGIAR consortium
Acknowledgement
THANK YOU
Soybean in Mozambique
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