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Flentrop Orgelbouw
LEAD CORROSION
Restoring at the frontier of our knowledge
Lead corrosion
•Why is it a problem?•What is lead corrosion?• How can we avoid lead corrosion?• How can we repair the damage?
Flentrop Orgelbouw
Flentrop Orgelbouw
Hamburg, 1588
Flentrop Orgelbouw
Alkmaar, 1645
Flentrop Orgelbouw
Alkmaar, 1645
Flentrop Orgelbouw
Alkmaar 1645
Flentrop Orgelbouw
Alkmaar 1645
Flentrop Orgelbouw
Why is it a problem?
• Loss of historic material• Loss of information• Loss of sound quality•Demo?
Flentrop Orgelbouw
What is corrosion?• Corrosion is an electro-chemical
reaction in which one material oxidizes and another reduces.
• Electro-chemical• Oxidation/Reduction• Two directions
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Balance
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Pourbaix diagram PbS
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Facts
Replacement pipefeet (mm)Year/division 1986 2004 2014RP 1045 40 865
HM 2537 1907 13989
BW 6825 0 16776
Ped 1321 157 3074
total 11728 2104 34704
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Why Alkmaar?
Flentrop Orgelbouw
Why Alkmaar?• Carbon dioxide from the gas
heating?• Almost no acetic acid, nor formic
acid• CH4 + 2O2 ® CO2 + 2H2O• CO2 + H2O ® H2CO3
• COLLAPSE
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How to avoid lead corrosion?
• Influence the balance (remove an ingredient)–water– oxygen– acid
• Sealing • Rinsing
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Rinsing
Flentrop Orgelbouw
How can we repair the damage?
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Flentrop Orgelbouw
Replacing corroded metal
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Bovenwerk Prestant 8
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Bovenwerk Prestant 8
Flentrop Orgelbouw
Bovenwerk Prestant 8
Flentrop Orgelbouw
Flentrop Orgelbouw
Flentrop Orgelbouw
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