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First proton capture study of the contentiousp-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies
A. Psaltis, E.-M. Assimakopoulou, E. Malami, I. Psyrra, V. Lagaki, A. Kanellakopoulos, T. J. Mertzimekis1
V. Foteinou, M. Axiotis, A. Lagoyannis and S. Harissopulos2
1Faculty of Physics, University of Athens2Institute of Nuclear & Particle Physics, N.C.S.R "Demokritos"
p-process workshop 2015: status and outlookLimassol, June 11th, 2015
#pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 1 / 28
Outline
I. Introduction & Motivation
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 2 / 28
Outline
II. Experiments
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 3 / 28
Outline
III. Results & Conclusions
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 4 / 28
Introduction: How elements are formed?
Everything is made of atoms.
Our quest to explain the origin of the elements started in 1957with the work of Burbidge, Burbidge, Hoyle and Fowler (B2HF),and Cameron independently.
They proposed that the elements are produced duringthe lives of the stars via nuclear reactions and explainedthe abundance pattern we observe in the solar system.
[E. M. Burbidge et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 29, 547 (1957)][A.G.W. Cameron, Pub. Astron. Soc. Pac. 69, 201 (1957)]
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 5 / 28
Introduction: How elements are formed?
Everything is made of atoms.
Our quest to explain the origin of the elements started in 1957with the work of Burbidge, Burbidge, Hoyle and Fowler (B2HF),and Cameron independently.
They proposed that the elements are produced duringthe lives of the stars via nuclear reactions and explainedthe abundance pattern we observe in the solar system.
[E. M. Burbidge et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 29, 547 (1957)][A.G.W. Cameron, Pub. Astron. Soc. Pac. 69, 201 (1957)]
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 5 / 28
Introduction: How elements are formed?
Everything is made of atoms.
Our quest to explain the origin of the elements started in 1957with the work of Burbidge, Burbidge, Hoyle and Fowler (B2HF),and Cameron independently.
They proposed that the elements are produced duringthe lives of the stars via nuclear reactions and explainedthe abundance pattern we observe in the solar system.
[E. M. Burbidge et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 29, 547 (1957)][A.G.W. Cameron, Pub. Astron. Soc. Pac. 69, 201 (1957)]
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 5 / 28
Introduction: How elements are formed?99% of the elements above the Iron (Fe) peakare produced by s-process & r-process.
[M. Arnould and S. Goriely, Phys. Rep. 384, 1 (2003)] Review Article
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 7 / 28
Introduction: How elements are formed?99% of the elements above the Iron (Fe) peakare produced by s-process & r-process.
[M. Arnould and S. Goriely, Phys. Rep. 384, 1 (2003)] Review Article
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 7 / 28
Introduction: p-process & p-nuclides
There are about 30 relatively neutron deficient nuclides with mass numbers ofA ≥ 74 (between 74Se and 196Hg) that cannot be synthesized by any of theknown neutron capture processes.
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 8 / 28
..
Motivation: Why a (p,γ) reaction?
There are > 20.000 reactions in the region of the p-process.
This huge reaction network is computed theoretically usingthe Hauser Feshbach (H-F) model of nuclear reactions.
Experimental cross sections of (n, γ), (p, γ) and (α, γ) reactions are used foradjusting Hauser-Feshbach model parameters and thereforeimprove theoretical predictions.
[J. José and C. Iliadis, Rep. Prog. Phys. 74, 096901 (2011)] Review Article
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 9 / 28
Motivation: Why 113In?113In is a p-nucleus but is underproducted under most γ-process models.
[W. Rapp et al., Astrophys. J. 653, 474 (2006)]
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 10 / 28
Motivation: Why 113In?113In is a p-nucleus but is underproducted under most γ-process models.
[W. Rapp et al., Astrophys. J. 653, 474 (2006)]
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 10 / 28
Motivation: The ambiguous origin of 113In
Proposed nucleosynthetic scenarios:
Classic p-process (SNII explosion)[E. M. Babishov & I. V. Kopytin, Astron. Rep. 50, 569 (2006)]
Post-r-process β-decay chains (< 12%)[C. Theis et al., Astrophys. J. 500, 1039 (1998)]
Thermally enhanced β-decay of the progenitors 113Cd[C. Theis et al., Astrophys. J. 500, 1039 (1998)]
Nucleosynthesis in a collapsar (MHD simulations)[S.-I. Fujimoto et al., Astrophys. J. 656, 382 (2007)]
νp-process and rp-process are excluded (A < 110)[I. Dillman et al., PoS (NIC X) 091, (2008)]
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 11 / 28
Motivation: The ambiguous origin of 113In
Proposed nucleosynthetic scenarios:
Classic p-process (SNII explosion)[E. M. Babishov & I. V. Kopytin, Astron. Rep. 50, 569 (2006)]
Post-r-process β-decay chains (< 12%)[C. Theis et al., Astrophys. J. 500, 1039 (1998)]
Thermally enhanced β-decay of the progenitors 113Cd[C. Theis et al., Astrophys. J. 500, 1039 (1998)]
Nucleosynthesis in a collapsar (MHD simulations)[S.-I. Fujimoto et al., Astrophys. J. 656, 382 (2007)]
νp-process and rp-process are excluded (A < 110)[I. Dillman et al., PoS (NIC X) 091, (2008)]
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 11 / 28
Motivation: The ambiguous origin of 113In
Proposed nucleosynthetic scenarios:
Classic p-process (SNII explosion)[E. M. Babishov & I. V. Kopytin, Astron. Rep. 50, 569 (2006)]
Post-r-process β-decay chains (< 12%)[C. Theis et al., Astrophys. J. 500, 1039 (1998)]
Thermally enhanced β-decay of the progenitors 113Cd[C. Theis et al., Astrophys. J. 500, 1039 (1998)]
Nucleosynthesis in a collapsar (MHD simulations)[S.-I. Fujimoto et al., Astrophys. J. 656, 382 (2007)]
νp-process and rp-process are excluded (A < 110)[I. Dillman et al., PoS (NIC X) 091, (2008)]
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 11 / 28
Motivation: The ambiguous origin of 113In
Proposed nucleosynthetic scenarios:
Classic p-process (SNII explosion)[E. M. Babishov & I. V. Kopytin, Astron. Rep. 50, 569 (2006)]
Post-r-process β-decay chains (< 12%)[C. Theis et al., Astrophys. J. 500, 1039 (1998)]
Thermally enhanced β-decay of the progenitors 113Cd[C. Theis et al., Astrophys. J. 500, 1039 (1998)]
Nucleosynthesis in a collapsar (MHD simulations)[S.-I. Fujimoto et al., Astrophys. J. 656, 382 (2007)]
νp-process and rp-process are excluded (A < 110)[I. Dillman et al., PoS (NIC X) 091, (2008)]
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 11 / 28
Motivation: The ambiguous origin of 113In
Proposed nucleosynthetic scenarios:
Classic p-process (SNII explosion)[E. M. Babishov & I. V. Kopytin, Astron. Rep. 50, 569 (2006)]
Post-r-process β-decay chains (< 12%)[C. Theis et al., Astrophys. J. 500, 1039 (1998)]
Thermally enhanced β-decay of the progenitors 113Cd[C. Theis et al., Astrophys. J. 500, 1039 (1998)]
Nucleosynthesis in a collapsar (MHD simulations)[S.-I. Fujimoto et al., Astrophys. J. 656, 382 (2007)]
νp-process and rp-process are excluded (A < 110)[I. Dillman et al., PoS (NIC X) 091, (2008)]
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 11 / 28
Motivation: The ambiguous origin of 113In
Proposed nucleosynthetic scenarios:
Classic p-process (SNII explosion)[E. M. Babishov & I. V. Kopytin, Astron. Rep. 50, 569 (2006)]
Post-r-process β-decay chains (< 12%)[C. Theis et al., Astrophys. J. 500, 1039 (1998)]
Thermally enhanced β-decay of the progenitors 113Cd[C. Theis et al., Astrophys. J. 500, 1039 (1998)]
Nucleosynthesis in a collapsar (MHD simulations)[S.-I. Fujimoto et al., Astrophys. J. 656, 382 (2007)]
νp-process and rp-process are excluded (A < 110)[I. Dillman et al., PoS (NIC X) 091, (2008)]
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 11 / 28
Motivation: Our Work
[T. Rauscher et al., Rep. Prog. Phys. 76, 066201 (2013)] Review Article
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 12 / 28
Motivation: Our Work
[T. Rauscher et al., Rep. Prog. Phys. 76, 066201 (2013)] Review Article
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 12 / 28
Experimental Setup: Supernova in the lab
Tandem Van de Graaff5.5 MV accelerator ofN.C.S.R "Demokritos"Proton Current:200 − 500 nAEnergy Range:2.8 − 3.4 MeV
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 13 / 28
Experimental Setup: Supernova in the lab
Electronically controlled turntable
4 HPGe detectors (100%)
8 different detector angles(angular distributions)
in-beam and activation technique
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 14 / 28
Experimental Setup: Target
4-layer target:112Cd (99.7% enriched) - 1.2 mg/cm2
nat83Bi - 40 mg/cm2
nat49In - 1 mg/cm2
nat29Cu - 18 mg/cm2
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 15 / 28
Typical spectrum of the reaction
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 16 / 28
Typical spectrum of the reaction
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 16 / 28
Typical spectrum of the reaction
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 16 / 28
Angular Distributions
Standard angular distribution for an E2 transition:W (θ) = A0 (1 + a2P2(cosθ) + a4P4(cosθ))
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 17 / 28
Angular Distributions
Standard angular distribution for an E2 transition:W (θ) = A0 (1 + a2P2(cosθ) + a4P4(cosθ))
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 17 / 28
Results: Angular Distributions
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 18 / 28
Theoretical predictions: TALYS v1.6 & EMPIRE v3.2
Optical Potential Nuclear Level Density γ Strength Function
TALYS-1 Koning-Delaroche Constant TemperatureFermi Gas
Kopecky-Uhl
TALYS-2 Bauge-Delaroche-Girod
Goriely-Demetriou Hartree-Fock-BCS
TALYS-3 Bauge-Delaroche-Girod
Hilaire-Goriely Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov
EMPIRE Koning-Delaroche Enhanced GenralizedSuperfluid Model
Plujko MLO RIPL-2
Table: TALYS v1.6 & EMPIRE v3.2 combinations
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 19 / 28
Theoretical predictions: TALYS v1.6 & EMPIRE v3.2
Optical Potential Nuclear Level Density γ Strength Function
TALYS-1 Koning-Delaroche Constant TemperatureFermi Gas
Kopecky-Uhl
TALYS-2 Bauge-Delaroche-Girod
Goriely-Demetriou Hartree-Fock-BCS
TALYS-3 Bauge-Delaroche-Girod
Hilaire-Goriely Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov
EMPIRE Koning-Delaroche Enhanced GenralizedSuperfluid Model
Plujko MLO RIPL-2
Table: TALYS v1.6 & EMPIRE v3.2 combinations
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 19 / 28
Theoretical predictions: TALYS v1.6 & EMPIRE v3.2
Optical Potential Nuclear Level Density γ Strength Function
TALYS-1 Koning-Delaroche Constant TemperatureFermi Gas
Kopecky-Uhl
TALYS-2 Bauge-Delaroche-Girod
Goriely-Demetriou Hartree-Fock-BCS
TALYS-3 Bauge-Delaroche-Girod
Hilaire-Goriely Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov
EMPIRE Koning-Delaroche Enhanced GenralizedSuperfluid Model
Plujko MLO RIPL-2
Table: TALYS v1.6 & EMPIRE v3.2 combinations
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 19 / 28
Theoretical predictions: TALYS v1.6 & EMPIRE v3.2
Optical Potential Nuclear Level Density γ Strength Function
TALYS-1 Koning-Delaroche Constant TemperatureFermi Gas
Kopecky-Uhl
TALYS-2 Bauge-Delaroche-Girod
Goriely-Demetriou Hartree-Fock-BCS
TALYS-3 Bauge-Delaroche-Girod
Hilaire-Goriely Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov
EMPIRE Koning-Delaroche Enhanced GenralizedSuperfluid Model
Plujko MLO RIPL-2
Table: TALYS v1.6 & EMPIRE v3.2 combinations
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 19 / 28
Results: Partial Cross Sections
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 20 / 28
Results: Partial Cross Sections
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 21 / 28
Results: Partial Cross Sections
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 22 / 28
Results: Total Cross Section
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 23 / 28
Conclusions
For the first time cross sections and angular distributions of 113Inat astrophysical energies were measured experimentally.
Experimental data of cross sections are in goodagreement with Hauser-Feshbach model predictions.
TALYS-2 combination seems to fit better our data.
The origin of 113In and whether it is a p-nucleus are still unclear.
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 24 / 28
Conclusions
For the first time cross sections and angular distributions of 113Inat astrophysical energies were measured experimentally.
Experimental data of cross sections are in goodagreement with Hauser-Feshbach model predictions.
TALYS-2 combination seems to fit better our data.
The origin of 113In and whether it is a p-nucleus are still unclear.
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 24 / 28
Conclusions
For the first time cross sections and angular distributions of 113Inat astrophysical energies were measured experimentally.
Experimental data of cross sections are in goodagreement with Hauser-Feshbach model predictions.
TALYS-2 combination seems to fit better our data.
The origin of 113In and whether it is a p-nucleus are still unclear.
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 24 / 28
Conclusions
For the first time cross sections and angular distributions of 113Inat astrophysical energies were measured experimentally.
Experimental data of cross sections are in goodagreement with Hauser-Feshbach model predictions.
TALYS-2 combination seems to fit better our data.
The origin of 113In and whether it is a p-nucleus are still unclear.
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 24 / 28
The Group: NuSTRAP at University of Athens
E.-M. Assimakopoulou • I. Batziou • A. KanellakopoulosV. Koutsilianou • V. Lagaki • E. Malami • L. Stavropoulos
A. Psaltis • I. Psyrra and T. J. MertzimekisUniversity of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 25 / 28
Extra Slides
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 26 / 28
Ratio of σground to σtotal
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 27 / 28
Ratio of σmeta to σtotal
University of Athens First proton capture study of the contentious p-nucleus 113In at astrophysical energies #pprocess2015 | @psaltistha 28 / 28
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