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(Chemistry and Health compenets related to Alcohol)
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LA C O H O L
OC N T E N T S• 1. Title page• 2. Contents page• 3. What is alcohol• 4. Properties of Alcohol• 5. Industrial preparation of alcohol• 6. Industrial preparation: Method 1• 7. Industrial preparation: Method 2• 8.Uses of alcohol• 9. Social and physical effects of
appropriate alcohol consumption• 10. Social effects• 11. Physical effects• 12. Social and physical effects of
inappropriate alcohol consumption• 13. Social Effects
• 14. Physical effects to the body• 15. Physical effects to drinker and
others.• 16. Foetal Alcohol Syndrome• 17. What is FAS?• 18. Effects of FAS• 19. Effects of FAS• 20. Interview: Person 1• 21. Interview: Person 1• 22. Interview: Person 2• 23. Interview: Person 2• 24. Interesting facts• 25. Bibliography• 26. Bibliography
Alcohol is an organic, colourless, liquid substance which is formed through the fermentation of glucose and does not only refer to alcoholic beverages.
Alcohol is also known as ethanol, grain alcohol and ethyl alcohol.
Colourless liquid
Pleasant smell
Miscible with water and organic solvents.
Volatile
Highly flammable
Melting point: -117,3 degrees Celsius
Boiling point:
78,5 degrees Celsius
Industrial Preparation of Starch
The potatoes are crushed and steamed at
very high temperatures to prepare a starch solution
known as mash.
GerminationBefore hydrolysis, the starch goes through germination at high temperatures for a few days. Germinated starch is
known as malt.
Hydrolysis of StarchStarch is hydrolysed into
maltose by a enzyme called diastase.
2(C2H22O5) + nH2O 2C12H22O11
DID YOU KNOW
that ferm
entation is
also
known as anaerobic
Respiratio
n?
FermentationYeast is added to maltose which
then produces a maltase enzyme which turns maltose into glucose.
C12H22O11+H2O 2C6H12O6
The enzyme zymase turns glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
C6H12O6 C2H5OH+2CO2
The Preparation of ethanol by the fermentation of
molasses.
Molasses is diluted in water in the ratio of 1:5 (molasses :
water)
There is very little nitrogen in water.
Ammonium sulphate is added so that there is
enough nitrogen for the yeast.
The solution acidifies with a small amount of
sulphuric acid. Adding acid promotes yeast growth but not the growth of useless
bacteria.
The end solution is put into a large tank and yeast is added to it at
30 degrees Celsius and is kept for 2 to 3
days.
During this time, sucrase and zymase which are in yeast convert sugar into
ethanol.
Molasses is a dark
colourless viscous
liquid
left after th
e
crystallisation
of sugarcane juice
Used as a fuel in gasoline engines. It is the only liquid
with gasoline properties.
Latex
Synthetic rubber
Polymer resin
Butadiene (multipurpose raw material) is made
from ethanol.
Ethanol can be made into alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer, ciders,
etc.
Preserve antibiotics
Used as a disinfecting handwash in
hospitals.
Perfumes
Used to sooth pain in wounds.
Allows for good times
Appropriate celebration
and partying
Brings people together
Allows appropriate for
bonding and friendship
Makes people more relaxed.
Stress reliever
Red wine is good for the heart.
You cause familyConflict and you
Become embarrassing
You display aggressivebehaviour.
Loss of job, therefore,
Loss of income
You become isolated fromother people
Brain damage, Stroke, addiction.
Blurred vision.
Slurred speech
Muscle weakness
Breathing might stop
Heart disease, irregular heartbeat
Stomach Ulcers
Liver disease or failure
Impotence in men, Infertility in women
Intestinal Cancer
Intestinal Ulcers
Bleeding throat
Osteoporosis
Reaction to danger becomes slower and the drinker puts
himself/herself and others in danger.
Pregnant drinkersGive birth to children with Foetal Alcohol Syndrome
Foetal Alcohol Syndrome is a series of abnormalities that are present at the time that the child is born due
to alcohol consumption by the mother.
Foetal Alcohol Syndrome is caused by the mother drinking
large amounts of alcohol around the time that the child is conceived and during
pregnancy.
Retarded growth before and after the baby is born.
Model of a foetal alcohol
syndrome baby
Mental retardation and delayed mental development
Model of a brain of a foetal
alcohol syndrome baby
Thin upper lip
Upturned nose.
Eyelid droop
Small eye openings.
Small head. Heart
Joints
Limbs
At what age did start drinking alcohol?
What are your reasons for drinking alcohol?
What are types of alcohol you consume and how
much do they cost?
What are the volumes of alcohol you consume
per day?
How often do you consume alcohol?
How does the alcohol affect you after consumption?
Where do you drink alcohol?
Who do you drink with?
Have you ever passed out after alcohol
consumption?
20 years old
I drink at parties and when I’m socialising and at home to relax.
Nederberg red wine which costs R70 and
Robertson’s wine which is R22.
1 glass which is 250ml.
No3 times a week
I just feel relaxed and stress-free
At home on most Occasions.
At dinner with family.
At what age did start drinking alcohol?
What are your reasons for drinking alcohol?
What are types of alcohol you consume and how
much do they cost?
What are the volumes of alcohol you consume
per day?
How often do you consume alcohol?
How does the alcohol affect you after consumption?
Where do you drink alcohol?
Who do you drink with?
Have you ever passed out after alcohol
consumption?
16 years old.
I drink for fun, I enjoy it, once I start I
can’t stop.
I drink whiskey which is R175 a bottle, Smirnoff
which is R50 and mostly beer.
I’m not sure, whenever I get the chance I
just drink.
Yes.
Everyday of every week.
I feel drowsy, it helps me fall asleep
At home.Friends and Roommates.
Ethanol is carcinogen
which means it is a
cancer causing agent.
Alcohol does not raisethe body temperature,
it makes it lower.
Most vegetables and almost all fruit contain
a small amount of alcohol in them
The human body
produces alcohol
naturally,
24 hours a day.
There is a cloud of alcohol in space, enough
to make four trillion-trillion
drinks
Site Topic Date accessed
www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol Ethanol 21/05/2011
En.wikipedia.org/wiki/ethanol_fuel
Ethanol fuel 21/05/2011
Scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek.pdf/ethanol.pdf
Ethanol 21/05/2011
www.businessweek.com Ethanol: Myths and Realities
21/05/2011
www.ethanol.org American Coalition for Ethanol: Home
22/05/2011
www.drivingethanol.org Driving ethanol 27/05/2011
www.fuelethanolworkshop.com Meet the Ethanol Industry
27/05/2011
Site Topic Date accessed
www.facstaff.gpc.edu Physical science 27/05/2011
www.mine-engineer.com Element pictures 27/05/2011
www.wired.com Pictures 27/05/2011
Focus.aps.org Pictures 27/05/2011
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yl-osPy8SM
Properties of Ethanol 28/05/2011
www.infoplease.com Ethanol: Properties 28/05/2011
www.surfacenet.de/assets Pictures 28/05/2011
www.intox.com/t-Physiology.aspx
Alcohol and the Human Body 30/05/2011
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