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Starting a Discussion- Using Effective Questioning Strategies- Using Structured Discussion Techniques
Designed by: Nadya Moosa November 2014
Lesson objectivesYou will be able to:- Implement a variety of good
practices when asking students questions.- select a range of discussion
techniques to incorporate into teaching sessions.
Ways to Deliver Questions:
- Ask a single question at a time- Avoid asking “any questions”- Pose questions that invite multiple answers
Ways to Deliver Questions:
- Ask targeted questions- Search for common ground- Encourage student-to-student interaction
Wait time
- If the silence exceeds 30 seconds give your students some encouragement to get going; ask them. “The room has gone quiet. Why?”
- Lay out perspectives- Move the level- Acknowledge good points- Summaries good points
Changing the pace
20 Structured Discussion Techniques:
Brainstorm Buzz groups Case study Concept maps
WritingControlled discussion
Fishbowl Informal debates
Jigsaw KWL Learning cell Line up
Milling Mind maps Role play Rounds
SnowballTurn to your
neighborTwo-column lists WebQuests
For each of the techniques, you need to consider four criteria which are:
- Group Size- Type of Class- Level of teacher preparation- Size of groups
- Small (fewer than 30 students) - Medium (30-100 students) - Large (more than 100 students).
1 Group Size
- Some work required in advance of the discussion
- Minimal work required in advance.
3 Level of teacher preparation
- None (the technique involves the entire group) - Small sub-groups - Pairs - Individuals.
4 Size of groups
Poll
Select one among the 20 discussion techniques that you never heard about.
It is a great opportunity to learn about it today http://bit.ly/1xc82Hh
Brainstorming involves generating a great number of ideas – no matter how far-fetched and without explanation – in a fixed period of time, say five minutes.
Suitable for:• small or medium classes• any type of class• minimal preparation• whole class.
Brainstorm
In buzz groups, groups of two to four students exchange ideas informally in a limited period of time, typically five minutes or less.
Suitable for:• any class size• in person• minimal preparation• small groups.
Buzz groups
Good case studies describe a realistic situation – although it may be invented rather than factual – including relevant background, facts, conflicts, dilemmas, and a sequence of events leading up to a decision or action.
Suitable for:• any class size• any type of class• some preparation• small groups.
Case Study
In constructing a concept map, students work alone or in groups to show the connections between terms, ideas, or concepts. Students connect individual terms with lines and add labels to describe the relationship between terms.
Suitable for:• any class size• any type of class• some preparation• small groups, pairs or individuals.
Concept Maps
In a controlled discussion, the teacher is the focus of the discussion, asking students questions and answering their inquiries.
Suitable for:• any class size• any type of class• some preparation• whole class.
Controlled Discussion
During a fishbowl discussion, part of the group observes whilst another group discusses a topic.
Suitable for:• small or medium classes• any type of class• some preparation• small groups.
Fishbowl
Informal debates help students develop their skills in critical thinking, persuasion, public speaking and teamwork.
Suitable for:• small classes• in person• some preparation• small groups.
Informal debates
In a jigsaw activity, each small group meets to share expertise on its own topic. Then new groups are formed bringing together one person from each of the original groups.
Suitable for:• small or medium classes• any type of class• some preparation• small groups.
Jigsaw
Students are asked to list anonymously, either in a face-to-face session or online, what they know and what they want to know about a new topic.
Suitable for:• small classes• any type of class• some preparation• Individuals.
KWL
In learning cells, students pair off to discuss an activity they've already completed, perhaps reading an article or chapter, solving a quantitative problem, visiting an art exhibit, or some other activity.
Suitable for:• any class size• any type of class• minimal preparation• Pairs.
Learning cell
In a line-up, students are asked to organize themselves in a line according to their position on an issue. Online, students tick a box that most closely corresponds to their perspective.
Suitable for:• small or medium classes• any type of class• some preparation• whole class.
Line up
Milling directs students to move around the room, open space, or synchronous online environment, asking a question or sharing information with each person they pass.
Suitable for:• small or medium class• any type of class• minimal preparation• whole class.
Milling
Mind maps have a central image with branches representing major categories related to that central idea.
Suitable for:• any class size• in person• some preparation• small groups, pairs or individuals.
Mind maps
In role-playing, students get a situation and a cast of characters and improvise dialogue to act out the event as if they were participants.
Suitable for:• small classes• in person• some preparation• small groups.
Role play
Rounds offer everyone in the group – including the teacher – an opportunity to make a statement about a topic without being interrupted for a specific interval – 30 seconds or so.
Suitable for:• small classes• any type of class• minimal preparation• whole class.
Rounds
During the first round, students share ideas in pairs, moving along to a second round of small groups. In the third round, the groups of eight develop action plans, and each of these groups report to the entire group.
Suitable for:• small or medium class• in person• some preparation• small groups or pairs.
Snowball
This activity asks students to consider a problem or question for a few minutes, then discuss it with the person next to them.
Suitable for:•any class size• in person•minimal preparation•pairs.
Turn to your neighbor
A two-column list compares views or presents the pros and cons of a position, including every relevant viewpoint students can think of for each column.
Suitable for:• any class size• any type of class• minimal preparation• individuals.
Two-column lists
A WebQuest sends students to the Internet with a specific task, a list of Web-based information resources, and questions to address.
Suitable for:• any class size• online• some preparation• small groups, pairs or individuals.
WebQuests
Writing is one way students can express themselves, and it is particularly effective before a discussion because it helps students articulate their ideas.
Suitable for:• small or medium class• any type of class• minimal preparation• Individuals.
Writing
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