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Monitoring feeding performance and effectiveness of ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) for the
control of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae).
ByD.K Murahwi
Supervisors: Mr. Matsiga Dr Mvumi
BACKGROUND
Many farmers in Zimbabwe are relying more on pesticides for control of crop pests, (Mudimu et al. 1995).
Pesticides tend to have a non-selective effect on insects, (Ali et al. 2011).
Biological control of crop pests by the use of natural enemies is a fundamental component of integrated pest management (IPM), (Bajwa and Kogan, 1997).
BACKGROUND CONT’
Ladybird beetles are the perfect candidate as biological control agents, since they are voracious predators (in both larval and adult stage), (Brewer & Oswald II 1995).
Can supplement their diet with pollen, nectar, or honeydew, (Cranshaw, 2014).
Although slow this method is effective in both curative and preventative measures of dealing with phytophagous insects.
RESEARCH PROBLEM
Organic farming advocates for farming practice that excludes or minimises the use of synthetic pesticides among others.
Use of natural enemies of pests is harmonious with organic farming, hence there is need to enhance biological control as an alternative to chemical control.
JUSTIFICATION
Pests will always be a threat to agricultural productivity due to their phytophagous tendencies thus, insect pest related issues have to be dealt with to boost the agricultural sector productivity.
The beneficial aspects of insects outweigh the detrimental effects.
JUSTIFICATION CONT’
Chemical control of phytophagous pests has proven to be the most viable method of dealing with problem pest.
Berlandier et al, (1998) lupin plants. Biological control of aphids using native ladybird beetles is therefore being investigated as an alternative to chemical control.
OBJECTIVES
MainTo monitor feeding performance and effectiveness of ladybird beetles for the control of aphids.
SpecificTo evaluate the feeding rates of ladybird beetles on aphids.
To evaluate the feeding rates of ladybird beetles on pollen.
To identify the native ladybird species most suited to effectively control aphids.
HYPOTHESIS
H1: Ladybird beetles are heavy consumers of aphids.H1: Ladybird beetles are heavy consumers of pollen.H1: Different ladybird beetle species have different consumption rates of aphids.
PILOT STUDY
ADJUSTMENTS
Aphid cultureBond paper baseGrind bee pollenDamp cotton wool
MATERIALS AND METHODS
TRIAL SITE
1. UZ Crop Science Dept. Greenhouse (18o12’S, and 31o 05’E)
2. UZ Crop Science Dept. Entomology laboratory
MATERIALS AND METHODS CONT’
In the greenhouse 5 planting pots will be filled with soil and rape seed planted and watered at 2 day intervals.
Aphids collected from Crop Science plots will then be inoculated onto the rape plants at 6 weeks after emergence
Two experiments will be carried out in the lab, for aphids (experiment 1) and for pollen (experiment 2).
The study design is a Completely Randomised Design (CRD) with 6 treatments for both the experiments.
Treatments will be replicated 3 times.
MATERIALS AND METHODS CONT’
Adult, pupating and larval stage Coccinellids will be handpicked from the Crop Science Department fields and placed in 500g peanut butter bottles.
Brassica leaves infested with aphids will then be placed in the bottles as food for the beetles and the bottles will be taken into the laboratory to start the Coccinellidae cultures.
Mating pairs will be identified and isolated for the experiment.
TREATMENTS
EXPRERIMENT 1
EXPERIMENT 2
Treatments Aphids (mg) Pollen (mg)
1 0 0
2 5 5
3 10 10
4 15 15
5 20 20
6 25 25
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Data will be collected at 4 hour intervals.The responses of the experiment will be the measured weight of the ladybird beetle after each period and the measured changes in pollen or aphid mass at each 4 hour period.
Statistical packages Minitab16 and Genstat14 will be used for analysis of variance for the data collected and graphs will be plotted in Excel2013 and Sigma Plot10.0.
The relationship between variables will be evaluated using linear regression.
SKELETAL ANOVA
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF SS MS F P
Treatment 5
Error 12
Total 17
WORK PLANActivity Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Proposal_Development
Literature review
Study design
Data collection
Data analysis
Dissertation development
Submission of dissertation
MAIN BUDGET
COST ($)Rape seed 1.50Fine Artist camel hair brushes *2
5.00
Bond paper rim 6.00Sweep net 10.00Bee pollen *3 60.00Cages- adult rearing *4 100.00TOTAL 182.50
Thank you
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