automatic railway platform-mini project

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WELCOME

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RAILWAY TRACK PEDESTRIANS CROSSING WITHOUT USING STAIRCASE

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PRESENTED BY :

LAVANYA K S (21)NIMISHA SURESH(26)NIVEDITHA S(28)PARVATHY SM(29)

BATCH 12

GUIDED BY :DHANYA M J GOPIKA RAJAN

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PRESENT SCENARIO

AIM The project implements a mobile

platform in between railway tracks

This may be helpful to both handicapped and elder citizens

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INTRODUCTION This automatic railway platform

project is used for automatically closing or opening of the mobile platforms in between the train tracks.

Normally the mobile platform connects the two platforms, through which the passengers can walk on the platform to reach the next platform.

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BLOCK DESCRIPTION Atmega16 microcontroller Proximity sensor DC motor driver DC motor LED LCD

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ATMEGA 16 MICROCONTROLLER

A T1

a t m e g a 1 6

P B 01

P B 12

P B 23

P B 34

P B 45

P B 56

P B 67

P B 78

R E S E T9

V c c1 0

G N D1 1

X11 2

X21 3

P D 01 4

P D 11 5

P D 21 6

P D 31 7

P D 41 8

P D 51 9

P D 62 0

P D 72 1

P C 02 2P C 12 3P C 22 4P C 32 5P C 42 6P C 52 7P C 62 8P C 72 9A V C C3 0G N D 23 1A R e f3 2P A 73 3P A 83 4P A 93 5P A 1 03 6P A 1 13 7P A 1 23 8P A 1 33 9P A 1 44 0

jm p 1 jm p 2

R E S E T

J 1 3

P O W E R

12

R 11 k

V C C

V C C

0

0

Y 1C R Y S TA L

C 1

2 2 p f

C 22 2 p f

C 31 0 0 n f

0

0

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ATMEGA 16 MICROCONTROLLER8 bit microcontroller , based on the

AVR enhanced RISC architecture.Reduced Instruction Set Computation.Fast execution and processing.512 bytes EEPROM.16kB in-system self programmable

FLASH.1kB RAM memory.32 input-output channel.4 ports :- A,B,C,D.

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Port A (33-40).Port B (1-8 ). Port C (22-29). Port D (14-21). Crystal oscillator frequency (0-16MHz).8 channel 10 bit ADC. 4 PWM channel. Operating voltages : 4.5v-5.5v Current consumption :

• Active mode -1.1mA .• Sleep mode - 1µA.

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POWER SUPPLY

0 . 1 µ F

P O W E R SUP P L Y

U 5L M 7 8 M 0 5 C / TO

1 32

I N O U TG

ND

0 . 1 µ F

U 3L M 7 8 M 1 2 C / TO

1 3

2

I N O U T

GN

D

- +

1

4

3

2

0/12-1.5A

0 . 1 µ F

V C C _ 5 V

0 . 1 µ F

V C C _ 1 2 V

4 7 0 0 M F D

4*IN 4001

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POWER SUPPLY DESCRIPTIONStep down transformer

• 9-0-9 (18v)Rectifier

• Full wave bridge rectifierFilter

• 2200µF , 25v capacitor.Regulators

• LM7805 (5v)• LM7812 (12v)

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INDUCTIVE PROXIMITY SENSOR Operate under the

electrical principle of inductance

Consists of four components

coil oscillator detection circuit output circuit Operating voltage :-

5 to 30v DC

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DC MOTOR 100RPM 12V DC motors with

Gearbox 3000RPM base motor 6 mm shaft diameter with

internal hole 125 gm weight 1.2kgcm torque No load current =

60mA(Max),Load current=300mA (Max)

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DC MOTOR DRIVER L293D is a typical

Motor driver IC It works on the

concept of H-bridge Act as a current

amplifier Consists of two

inbuilt H-bridge circuits

Supply voltage : 5- 36v

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

AT2

atmega16

PB0 1 PB1 2 PB2 3 PB3 4 PB4 5 PB5 6 PB6 7 PB7 8 RESET 9 Vcc 10 GND 11 X1 12 X2 13 PD0 14 PD1 15 PD2 16 PD3 17 PD4 18 PD5 19 PD6 20

PD7 21 PC0 22 PC1 23 PC2 24 PC3 25 PC4 26 PC5 27 PC6 28 PC7 29 AVCC 30 GND2 31 ARef 32 PA7 33 PA8 34 PA9 35 PA10 36 PA11 37 PA12 38 PA13 39 PA14 40

16 x 2 GND

1 Vcc

2

Vca

3 Rs

4

R/W

5 E

6

DB0

7

DB1

8

DB2

9

DB

1

DB

11

DB5

12

DB6

13

DB7

14 A

15 K

16

12 mhZ1

R4

SW4 RESET

1

2

VCC

0 0

0

VCC

VCC

VCC

0

J1

Buzzer

1 2 3

VCC

0

U4

H bridge

1B 1 2B 2 3B 3 4B 4 5B 5 6B 6 7B 7

1C 16 2C 15 3C 14 4C 13 5C 12 6C 11 7C 10

COM 9

M2 Motor

VCC 12 V

J2

Proximit

1 2 3

0

VCC

J3

Gsm

1 2 3 VCC

0

D30

LED

R25 1k LED 1k

D32 R27 1k

D33

LED

R28 1k

FLOW CHART

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Make the initial settings for train and platform users

If arrival of train in

either of directions

Buzzer &signal warnings to road users

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If obstacle

s

Stop warning & move the platform

Set up the

signal for

train

If train departur

es

Move the platform

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WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT

Whenever the train is arriving the first proximity sensor gets disturbed due to the interruption of the train . Thus the microcontroller senses the arriving of the train .Before making the platform move backward the microcontroller gives siren to alert the people who are on the track . After certain time the controller moves the platform backward by rotating the dc motor in clockwise direction . For making the bridge forward the microcontroller should know whether the train has left or not.

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For this the second pair is used . Whenever the second sensor senses the train ,that is when the second sensor is disturbed then the microcontroller waits for the last compartment to leave .Then the microcontroller output is given to the dc motor which makes the dc motor move in anticlockwise direction making the bridge move forward thereby making a way for the pedestrians to move.

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FUTURE ENHANCEMENT The power supply for the motor

operation and signal lights is a disadvantage .It can be avoided by means of a solar cell.

The obstacle detection part can be implemented using fuzzy logic. As it thinks in different angles or aspects , the system works still more efficiently.

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CONCLUSION The idea of automating the process of

railway platform operation will enhance safety for the pedestrians who are disabled and unable to use staircase.

As the system is completely automated , it avoids manual errors and thus provides ultimate safety to pedestrians.

The mechanism works on a simple principle and there is not much complexity required in the circuit.

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REFERENCE www.atmel.com www.iraj.in www.iosrjournala.org

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