Political science

The legislature

Presented byBibi sumaira

Introduction

Legislature• The supreme law

making authority • A group of people with

the power to make or change laws.

• In pakistan It is a bicameral federal legislature that consists of the Senate as upper house and the National Assembly, as lower houses. According to the constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

Evolution • In the early societies no concept of legislature • With the advancement of human civilization need

arose to settle the affairs through legislation.• No independent institution was established for

enactment of laws • The supreme law making authority was the ruler • Later separate institution was established

Functions of legislature Modern legislatures have to perform a variety of functions depending on the nature of political system and enact laws according to the needs of circumstances.

• LegislationThe primary function of legislature is to enact new laws and make alteration in the previous ones according to the requirements of changing circumstances

Administrative control

• All modern legislatures perform administrative functions as well.

• In some parliamentary system executive is the part of legislature and control the cabinet

• parliamentarians exercise control through criticising the administrative policies,asking questions from the ministers and passing vote of no- confidence against the government

Control over finance • To make their control

effective provide relevent information,the annual report regarding income and expenditure of the previous year,prepared by comptroller and auditor general is presented on the floor of the legislature

• Judicial powers • Modern legislatures

have judicial powers as well

• American congress can bring revolutionary changes in the organisation of the federal courts through its power of legislation.

• Selective functions • Modren legislatures perform some selective and

elective functions• In America presidential and vice-presidential

elections • if no candidate gets a clear majority of the total votes

cast, the house of representatives and the senate elect any one person as the president and vice-president amongst the candidates who have attained maximum number of votes

• In Pakistan and India the parliment and the provincial Assemblies jointly elect the president.

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