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Fairfax County has begun development of a Pre-Disaster Recovery Plan supported by a Department of Homeland Security Urban Areas Security Initiative (UASI) grant. The county and area businesses, nonprofits and faith-based organizations will play a part in this important planning effort.
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Fairfax County Pre-Disaster Recovery Planning:
Community-wide Project Launch
August 4, 2010
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Pre-Disaster Recovery Planning Workshop• Project Purpose and Introduction• Recovery Overview• Facilitated Discussion of Disaster Scenario and
Recovery Issues• How do we compare nationally? • Timeline and Next Steps• Vision and Goals for “Disaster Recovery”• Wrap-up and Q&A
Agenda
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Fairfax Co. Pre-Disaster Recovery Plan:
Project Purpose and Introduction
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Project History• Project DHS grant-funded by the Urban Areas
Security Initiative (UASI)• Project Kick-off (internal): December 2009• Expansion of planning to include private sector,
non-profits, neighboring jurisdictions, and interested members of the public: today
• Approximate Project Completion Date: Fall 2011
Purpose and Introduction
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Project Purpose• Streamline Fairfax County’s recovery from
disaster• Solidify four-phase emergency management
approach (mitigation, preparation, response, and recovery)
• Support the NCR in recovery planning efforts
Purpose and Introduction
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Recovery Overview
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Definitions• Response: how we manage a disaster• Continuity: what we do despite a disaster• Recovery: how we return to normal (or arrive
at a “new normal”) after a disaster
Recovery Overview
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Emergency Response• Short-term• Established funding
sources with clear utility
• Trained personnel available (Fire/EMS, public works)
Recovery Overview
Long-Term Recovery• Can last years• Need to use many
sources, often not designed for recovery
• Few trained personnel, new roles, resource strain, no established management structures
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Emergency Response• Operational goals
fairly obvious• Limited number of
players• Few question
resource needs• Limited political
issues (at least until later!)
Recovery Overview
Long-Term Recovery• Needs are subjective
and agenda-driven• Different and more
Stakeholders• Limited resources, less
clarity on benefits• Substantial political
issues
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A disaster (or catastrophe) is not just “Business as usual, but more of it.”
Recovery Overview
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Disaster recovery is not just “Response, only more of it.”
Recovery Overview
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Disaster recovery is not just “Business as usual, only after a disaster.”
Recovery Overview
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Not every hazard needs disaster recovery planning …
Recovery Overview
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Recovery Overview
Getting it done right vs.
Getting it done fast
Reduces the fundamental tension of disaster recovery:
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Recovery Overview
Flexibility to improvise + Structure to let it work
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Discussion Scenario: Radiological Dispersion Device (“Dirty Bomb”)
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Incident• A medium-sized explosion observed from a
van parked in front of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency’s (NGA) New Campus East facility, in Springfield
• Radiation identified; scene turned over to hazmat team
• No deaths or injuries • Driver quickly
apprehended
Discussion Scenario
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Discussion Scenario
Incident + 1 to 4 hours• Hazmat team establishes hot zone and
exclusion zone based on EPA standards• Multiple state and federal partners arrive• Evacuation and shelter-in-place guidance
issued
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Discussion Scenario
• Hot zone• Exclusion zone• Shelter in place
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Discussion Scenario
Realty Check:• Americium (typical source amount from oil
surveying equipment) detonated via 1 lb. of TNT
• Rings show increase in cancer rate: 1. 5% (1 in 100)2. 0.5% (1 in 1000)3. 0.05% (1 in 10,000)
(Journal of the Federation of American Scientists, April 2002)
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Springfield area
Housing units within affected area
6000
Persons within affected area 750 920 7700
Potential radiation-related illnesses
8 1 1
Schools within affected area Lee HS, Key MS, several elementary schools
Property value within affected area
$1.7 billion
Discussion Scenario
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Discussion Scenario
The day after• All citizens evacuate from exclusion zone• Some evacuate from shelter-in-place zone as
well, others from even further away• Evacuations, mass care
and sheltering take place smoothly
• Many people check themselves into hospitals
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Discussion Scenario
Recovery Issues• Where does temporary housing get set up, if
needed?• Where do students who had attended
impacted schools go?• What if county or
regional parks are needed for debris?
• How would the public weigh in on these issues?
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Discussion Scenario
Recovery Issues• Who will determine “how clean is clean,” and
by what process? Whose data will be used?• Will thresholds be the same all uses
(residential, commercial, infrastructure)• When can repopulation begin? Where will
repopulation be allowed? • What are the implications of declaring areas
to be “permanently closed”? • How do federal and state partners plug in? • How are stakeholders and the public heard?
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Discussion Scenario
The weeks after• Repopulation is OK’d for lowest-impacted
areas, but exclusion zone are permanently closed
...
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.....
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.....
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..
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...
• Buy-outs set up for within exclusion zone
• Uncertainty grows for neighborhoods nearby
• Contributions of housing labor and material pour in
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Discussion Scenario
Recovery Issues• How will major land-use impacts be managed
– relocation of infrastructure or housing– the “jack-o-lantern” effect– land acquisition
• How are stakeholders/ the public plugged in?• How will contributions of time, personnel, and
materials be coordinated?– Need to ensure continuity over time– Need to prevent gaps and overlaps
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Discussion Scenario
The months after• “Fairfax,” “dirty bomb,” “radiation,” and
“Chernobyl” are constantly linked in print, internet, TV, social media
• Although Springfield Mall, Lee Center, etc. are mostly beyond the exclusion zone, several large companies announce they will leave the county
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Discussion Scenario
Recovery Issues• Will there be a business retention strategy?
Who will define and manage it?• How will Fairfax County regain its reputation
as place to live and do business?• How will Fairfax County convince residents
and businesses that the event is over?• What role does the private sector play in
this?
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Discussion Scenario
The months after• Where repopulation is in doubt, developers
propose large-scale warehousing and light industrial projects
• Others argue for open space or community facilities
• Pressure builds for recovery planning to change the Comp Plan, zoning, and transportation and infrastructure priorities
SPRINGFIELD REDEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN
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Discussion Scenario
Recovery Issues• How will conflicting community interests in
the redevelopment be mediated? • Will mitigation be applied to rebuilt/
relocated housing, infrastructure, and other facilities?
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Discussion Scenario
We deliberately went “small” for this scenario, but what if it were BIG? …
• What if supply chains were compromised county- or region-wide?
• What if recovery-critical firms (Home Depot, Wal-Mart, gas stations) couldn’t reopen?
• What if childcare, salaries, benefits were held up for weeks?
• What if construction labor was unavailable?• What if personal decisions were overwhelming
or impossible to make?
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National Context & Comparison
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National Context
DHS “National Disaster Recovery Framework” (Draft Feb. 5, 2010)• Establishes six “Recovery Support Functions”
(RSFs) at the federal level• Establishes federal and state leads and defines
responsibilities across agencies• Reinforces role of local leads• Fairfax will be among the first to do a local plan
that is designed to coordinate with the emerging federal framework
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National Context
There are currently a handful of disaster recovery plans (or “reconstruction plans”) in the US• Mainly in coastal cities and resort areas
– Hurricane– Tsunami– Earthquake
• No federal mandate; only draft federal guidance to-date
Fairfax is way ahead of the curve
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National Context
(Note that this survey was not exhaustive – there may be additional Disaster Recovery/Reconstruction Plans)
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Timeline and Next Steps
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Timeline and Next Steps
Kick-off & document research (12/09-3/10)• Preliminary work with OEM, deputy county
execs• Research (best practices, EOP, HMP, NCR HIRA,
etc., etc.)• County Agency orientation event
County Agency Interviews (3/10-6/10):• Identifying planning issues • Existing resources and capabilities• Beginning to think about goals and objectives
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Timeline and Next Steps
Expanding/ Establishing the planning groups (now):
• Working with private and non-profit sectors, regional partners
• Additional interviews
Roles• Recovery Planning Working Group:
– Steering Committee– Subject Matter/ Technical Experts
• Reviewers
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Timeline and Next Steps
Reviewers
Steering Committee
Working Group
Technical Expertise
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Timeline and Next Steps
• Intent is to provide conduits for information flow
• The process needs representation of technical and subject-matter expertise
Working Group will utilize existing organizational relationships
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Timeline and Next Steps
Further out (now through summer ‘11):• Internet Survey• Working Group Meetings to Develop the Plan
– Apply our experience, national best practices– Apply your local knowledge and understanding of
how Fairfax works– Open to public whenever appropriate
• Review and revise Plan • Tabletop Exercise
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(Draft) Recovery Support Functions• Command and Coordination• Economic Development• Health, Social, and Community Services • Housing• Infrastructure and Capital Repairs• Natural and Cultural Resources
Timeline and Next Steps
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Vision and Goals for a Pre-Disaster Recovery Plan
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Recovery Vision & Goals
Vision: What would Fairfax be aiming for after a
disaster?
Goals: How will Fairfax achieve that?
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Vision: Getting back to “regular” life, but Safer, Stronger, Smarter• Maximize long-term benefits• Recognize new risks/ realities• Leverage “catalyst” projects with recovery,
social, and economic development benefits• Holistic approach: Economic, Social, Cultural,
Environmental• Mitigation, risk-reduction, and resiliency
Recovery Vision & Goals
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Goals: Be Prepared/ Be Proactive• Inventory resources (agencies, entities, funds)• Set up for local lead role, while being able to
work with your neighbors• Set up streamlined
procedures and rules – and triggers to activate them
• Keeping it “close to normal”
Recovery Vision & Goals
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Goals: Be Prepared/ Be Proactive• Clear out obstacles in advance by pre-
establishing ... – Leadership structures, potentially outside of
normal governance– Priorities and direction to guide difficult
decisions– Decision-making processes– Legal authorities– Includes NGOs
Recovery Vision & Goals
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Recovery Vision & Goals
Goal: Ensure Legitimacy and Credibility through Stakeholder Outreach and Community Participation • Work with private, non-profit sectors and other
jurisdictions• Balance interests• Safeguard equity• Long-term community
gains and short-term individual wellbeing
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Goal: Recognize Key Roles of the Private- and Non-Profit Sectors• Unlike during emergency management …• Non-government sectors do the “heavy lifting”
of disaster recovery • Government participates as a “facilitating
stakeholder”
Recovery Vision & Goals
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Goal: Build on Existing Deliberative Planning and Organizational Relationships
• Comprehensive Plan• Area and Neighborhood Plans• Mitigation and Flood Management Plans• Economic Development Strategies• Transportation and Capital
Improvement Plans• VOAD Planning• Volunteer/ Donations Mgt.
Planning
Recovery Vision & Goals
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Closing thoughts and Q&A
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