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Anjula Singh
Renu Verma
Aradhana Singh
Saumya Shukla
Akriti Gupta
Protecting the vulnerable- Providing social welfare to informal sector
workers
Informal sector in India-
India's UNORGANISED SECTOR created
57% of the Indian Net Domestic Product in
2006, about 9 fold less per worker than the
organized sector.
According to the NCEUS, only about 7%
of the total workforce in India has any form
of social security.
Among INFORMAL WORKERS, 42.7%
worked from HOME and another 7.7%
ON STREETS directly in front of their
homes.
In JOB- BASED CONCEPT OF
INFORMALITY about 87.8% of all
employed respondents are grouped as
informal workers, among which 92% are
YOUTH, 91.3% are WOMEN. MEN and
those in MIDDLE- AGE GROUP(25-39)
constitute the FORMAL SECTOR.
Job –based concept Enterprise –
based concept
Proxy operationalization
Full operationalization- by Hussmanns (2004)
Informal
Workers
INFORMAL ECONOMY
% INFORMAL WORKERS IN INDIA
INFORMAL
WORKERS
FORMAL
WORKERS94%
6%
Negative aspects of informal economy-
• Unfair competition for good enterprises;
• Less, or no tax income for the states;
• Less, or no social security contributions for the states;
• No decent wages for workers
• Less savings ☞ no capital
• Less spending ☞ weak domestic market
• More occupational injuries/diseases;
• Damage to the human capital ☞ no future…
Identification Fragmentation
Social security
and protection
Convergence
Financial
Exclusion
Decent
work
Decent
pay
AASRA
SCHEME
Mission: All those who work have rights at work,
irrespective of where they work and how they
work.
SOCIAL SECURITY –
(medical care, sickness, old age,
employment injury, family circumstances,
maternity leave)
SOCIAL PROTECTION –(
identification, dignity, equality,)
DECENT AND ORGANISED
WORK-(better working conditions,
recognition, flexibility, certainty)
DECENT INCOME –(fixed minimum
wage, loans, pension, welfare fund )
Better standards of living –( education,
vocational training , computer training
, Small entrepreneurial ventures )
Region wise registration of workers for
identification and authentication facilitated
by a central management team backed by
technological and organizational enablers
and volunteers at AASRA CENTRES
Recruitment of workers on the basis of
their skills, family conditions and
employers requirement(if necessary)
Strict surveillance and monitoring
committee
Exposure to existing beneficial schemes
for workers
CONVERGENCE with multilateral
agencies, government, trade unions,
employer’s federation, NGO’s,
universities at international and national
level
Identification
Social security
Social protection
Proving access to them to
existing schemes and better
plans
Relevant, timely and reliable
income and statistics
Potential Skills and
knowledge enhancement
programmes
Job security
Defragmentation
Protection against any
criticism and irresponsible
social behaviour
VISION IMPLEMENTATION ADVANTAGES
To provide -
Recruitment : outlining steps for the selection of AASRA employees
01
Graduation required
Computer and IT skills required
Good knowledge of English (compulsory)
Hindi/Local language is also required
Should be good in social behaviour and public handling
Volunteers drawn from various service professions, retired executives and graduate
students
Block Level -- 11 employees
District Level -- 15 employees (managing block level)
Mandal Level -- 10 employees (monitoring district level)
State Level -- 5 employees (supervising mandal level)
National Level -- 1 representative from each state
Manager (1) Supervisor (2) Employees (4)
Block Level
Description
Organisation
Hierarchy
Eligibility/
Skills
Required
# Employees Description : Registration head, Accountant, H R
manager , enquiry/complain head
Management : managing the informal workers and their employers
02
Manager : sole head of the organisation at the block level, manages all the
activities and monitors the work of supervisor, legal framework
Supervisor : supervision of lower officials , record keeping and
surveillance, better demographic planning
Registration Head : getting informal workers and employers registered (identity verification ,
educational, family and income details )
H R Manager : deals with statutory social security coverage, skill development training , accessibility
collaboration and promotion of the beneficial schemes , promotion to better sector (if eligible), better
national and international framework ,representation of workers
Accountant : managing finance, funds, accounts , pension, insurance and loans
Enquiry/Complaint Head : deals with public feedback and enquiries both from the informal
workers and the employers
1. Online and manual detailed registration of the informal workers and the employers at the AASRA CENTERS /AASRA WEBSITE
2. Employers should specify their needs( kind of work, timings, any other)
3. Domestic workers should specify their areas of expertise, timings, working conditions and education details
4. Allotment will be on “FIRST COME FIRST SERVE ” basis considering requirements and specifications preference will be given to widows,
divorcee, single earning member and physically challenged
5. Pay for every work will be fixed and predetermined in accordance with “MINIMUM WAGE ACT”.
6. A day’s work can be construed as ‘8 hours work’ and wages to be calculated accordingly; If appointed for lesser hours in a day, wages should
be in proportion and be calculated either daily or monthly basis for that category of work
7. Prohibited the employment of children below the age of ‘14’ years
8. Daily wages should be calculated by dividing the monthly rate by 26 and rounded off to the nearest 10 paisa
9. A minimal amount will be deducted from their salary and equal sum of money will be paid by the government , this gross amount
can be accessed by the workers at the time of need (in the form of loans, pension, medical aids , casualty, etc) . The ordinary wages should be
paid for overtime work.
10. Mode of payment will be through challan slips and therefore their salary will be directly transferred to their respective accounts
11. Unregistered workers /employers will be punished under the law.
12. Surveillance committee will send “inspector” to inspect any domestic premises under any of the Labour Enactments & Rules
13. Complaint handling – complains against the worker/ employer will be filed and accordingly surveillance will be setup. If found guilty they
will be panelised and their registration will be cancelled for a year, and if not then the person concerned who have filed the application will be
punished
14. If the worker/ employer have filed the complaint should have justified reason
15. Crouches and primary education will b e provided to the worker’s children
16. Medical facilities will b provided to them at subsidised rates
17. Counselling will be done on monthly basis to make them aware of existing schemes.
18. Skill enhancement training will provided to the workers.
19. If workers found suitable for better work, they will be awarded a better sector of work (teaching, care takers of the crouches)
20. maternity leave will be given for 3 months by the government in which she will be given Rs. 300/month, which can be recovered by
deducting Rs. 75/month for a year
21. another worker will be allotted for these 3 months, at overtime wages
IMPLEMENTATION ON
DOMESTIC WORKERS
1. Online and manual registration of day
labours/ thekedars (construction site labours
and agricultural farms)
2. Recruiters should mention workforce,
duration of tenure, facilities available (if
any) and other details.
3. Necessary allowances: personal allowances,
basic safety measures and first-
aid(compulsory).
4. Wages will be fixed on the basis of:
5. Allotment of work will be on the basis of :
IMPLEMENTATION ON DAY LABOURS
6. Recruiters should have provisions for above
mentioned compulsory allowances, failing
which will leads to cancellation of their
registration.
7. Recruiters who required labour( at least for a
month) will have to register else if the
recruiters require labours on the daily basis
will have to report at the AASRA centre and
available labours will be allotted on the spot
after submitting half of fixed payment in
advance.
8. Recruiter of the labours can file complaints
if they are facing any sort of problem or
unsatisfied.
9. Vocational, skill enhancement and hands on
industrial training(equipment, material
handling etc.) will be provided.
10. Medical, educational and beneficial scheme
will be made accessible.
i. Working conditions
ii. Type of work
iii. Working hours
iv. Other facilities
v. Tenure
i. Age
ii. Gender
iii. Health
iv. Skills expertise(if desired)
v. Area under reach
Online and manual detailed registration of street vendors(vegetables seller, thelawalas, etc ) at AASRA CENTRES market place will be sectorised an organised market will be created for street vendors in the nearby locality the opening and closing time of the market place will be pre- decided and those vendors who want to sell their products will have to
come to this place only depending on the entry of the registered vendors, they will be allotted the specific local market where they can sell their products in
the peak hours in usual hours(excluding peak hours), vendors are to sell their products by taking rounds (feri). during their usual working hours they have to wear their identity cards (mandatory). street vendors without registration will be panelised registered vendors can file complaint against unregistered ones periodic inspection will be done prices of the products in the local market in accordance with mandi prices quality of the products in the market will be maintained and inspected, failure of which will leads to cancellation of the registration customers queries ( prices, feedback, enquiry) will be resolved through sms/e-mail/AASRA centres customer can place the order through sms/e-mail/call specifying date, time and venue. In this case they have to pay service charge
too. registered vendors will get products from the local market at subsidised rate free accounts will be opened for the registered vendors with ease, where they can submit some amount which will be paid higher
rate of interest after the age of 50 loans will be easily provided to them at low interest rate they will be provided access to better medical aids at subsidised rates primary education will be provided ( night schools, government educational centres) rest rooms facilitated with basic amenities (drinking water, washrooms, crèches, first aid ) in the local market place which will be
accessible to customers and vendors safety measures (guards, policemen, fire- extinguishers ) will be provided
IMPLEMENTATION ON STREET VENDORS
CHALLENGES AND RISKS
MITIGATION FACTORS
Uneducated and ignorant informal workers do not analyse the value of
their registration and identification.
They are conservative so may be there will be problems in deducting
some amount of their salary as development funds
Government and society people may behave indifferently to the scheme
and it’s hard for them to accept it
Workers should have the faith in the scheme
Government or co-operates funding to this scheme
Infrastructure may be a problem ( but this can be compromised if AASRA
centres are running in the block only).
Integration of such a large sector may pose a problem
CONVERGENCE- with multilateral
agencies, government, trade unions,
employer’s federation, NGO’s,
universities at international and national
level
ENHANCEMENT CENTRES running
under AASRA CENTRES will impart
various planned skills and workshops
PROPAGATION- of the scheme through
T.V , radio, media, pamphlets distribution,
advertising /awareness campaign, etc.
INTEGRATION with formal education in
various universities, schools
COUNCELLING of the informal workers
will be carried periodically.
FUNDING from various sources NGOs ,
non – government organisations
• Computer literacy
• English proficiency
• Public dealing
• Basic accounting
• Smarter way to do their work by using available technology
• To use FIRST-AID in efficiently.
• Hospitality
SKILLS IMPARTED AT ENHANCEMENT
CENTRES
TOTAL COST /ANNUM
Promotional Cost : (PAMPHLETS, MEDIA , TELEVISION, RADIO, TRAINING
INSTITUTES, ENHANCEMENT CENTRES )
Rs. 5 LAKHS (approximately)
FOUNDATION COST
ORGANISATIONAL COST:
STATE LEVEL OFFICIALS – Rs. 3,50,000(5 *
70,000)
MANDAL LEVEL OFFICIALS– Rs. 6,00,000
(10 * 60,000)
DISTRICT LEVEL OFFICIALS – Rs. 8,25,000
( 15 * 55,000)
BLOCK LEVEL OFFICIALS—
# Manager- Rs. 50,000 (1 * 50,000)
# Supervisor –Rs. 80,000 (2 * 40,000)
# lower officials – Rs. 1,20,000( 4 * 30,000)
INFRASTRUCTU-
RAL COST :
If operates in existing
government building
then no funding
required
Otherwise approx. Rs.
10 crores /
annum/state
TECHNOLOGI-
CAL COST :
Rs. 2 crores
/annum
APPENDIX References:-
• Bhalla, S. (2003). The Restructuring of the Unorganized Sector in India.
Retrieved from
http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/sereport/ser/restruc/stdy_rsturc
_ch1.pdf
• National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganized sector. (2009).
The Challenge of Employment in India. Retrieved from
http://dcmsme.gov.in/The_Challenge_of_Employment_in_India_(Vol.%
20II).pdf
• Kulshreshtha, A.C. (2011). Measuring the Unorganized Sector in India.
Retrieved from
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1837193
• Wikipedia
• http::// www.ilo.org
• Background doc1 for paper39
• www.indiancag.org
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