7 3&4

Power corrupts; absolute power corrupts absolutely

-Lord Acton 1887

Do you agree or disagree with this quote? Why?

7.3A RESPONSE TO

CRISIS & ABSOLUTISM

• Absolutism- ruler holds TOTAL power

– Tied to “divine right of kings”– Ability to make laws, levy taxes, admin.

justice, for. policy– Reign of Louis XIV ex: Absolutism 17th Cent.

• His court- imitated throughout EU

• Both Louis XIII & XIV- boys when crowned– Gov’t controlled by royal ministers (regents?)– Cardinal Richelieu – Louis XIII’s chief min.

• Strengthened- power of monarchy• Set up- spies network

– To uncover plots by noble

• Crushed- conspiracies & executed conspirators

Louis Comes to Power

• 1643- Louis XIV crowned– Age of 4– Car. Mazarin chief minister

• Revolt led nobles broke out• Results revolt was crushed • FR ppl wanted stability and wanted strong monarchy

– 1661 Mazarin dies• Louis XIV- takes over power at age 23

– Est. strict routine – Known as Sun King (source of light for all FR)– Controlled policy making in gov’t– Royal Court @ Versailles

• 3 Purposes– 1 his personal home– 2 chief offices located here (he could keep an eye on them)– 3 powerful subjects came to find favor with Louis

• Biggest threat was high nobles & royal princes– Removed them from royal council– Council admin. body of king

• Supervised gov’t

– @ court keep them busy & out of politics– Absol. Power over for. policy, Church, taxes

• Power limited @ local level• Trad. groups nobles, local officials & town councils

– More control over day-to-day operations– King would bribed ppl to carry out policies

• Religious harmony part of monarchy power– Pursued anit-Prot. policy– Aimed @ converting Huguenots to Catholicism– 200,000 Hug. fled to England

• Jean-Baptiste Colbert- controller-general of finances– Sought increase $ & power of FR– By following Mercantilism

• Decrease imports• Increase exports

– Built roads & canals to improve communication & trade– Raised tarrifs on foreign goods– Created a merchant marine to carry goods– Dev. Standing army for times of war

• # around 400,000• 1667-1713 Louis waged 4 wars

• 1715- Louis XIV dies– Left FR w/ great debt & lots of enemies

MTV CRIBS - VERSAILLES

http://cheninger.edublogs.org/projects/

7.3A Review

1. What is absolutism?

2. What steps did Louis XIV take to maintain absolute power?

7.3BAbsolutism in

Central & Eastern EUROPE

• After 30 Years War– 300 “Germanies”– Prussia & Austria emerged EU powers

• Prussia, Fred Wm the Elector laid foundation for Prussian state– Realizing no natural barriers– Built large standing army

• Force of 40,000 (4th largest)• Set up General War Commissariat

– To levy taxes oversee growth– Junkers – Prussian landed wealthy (off. in army)

• Son became official king in 1701

• New Austrian Empire incl. present-day Austria, Czech Rep., & Hungary– After defeat of Turks 1687 controlled HUN,

TRAN, CRO, & SLA– By 18th C AUS Haps. gained new empire– AUS monarchy never had completed control

• Remained a collection of territories• Held together by Haps. emperor• Each area had own laws & pol.• No common feeling tied them together

Russia under peter the great

• 15th C new RUS state emerged• 16th C Ivan IV became czar (Caesar)

– Expanded eastward– Crushed power of nobility (boyars)

• Known Ivan the Terrible• B/c stabbing his own son

– 1598 dynasty came to an end– 1613 Michael Romanov new czar

• Romanov dynasty lasted until 1917

• Peter the Great – famous members of Rom. Dy. – 1689 became czar

• Determined to westernize– Borrow EU tech. for mil.– 1st goal reorganize army– Formed 1st Russian navy

• Created police state – Few bureaucrats shared his

concept of honest service & duty to the state

• Began to intro Western customs, practices & manners into Russia– Ordered Russian book of etiquette to teach

Western manners

• 1703 created St. Petersburg coast of Baltic Sea – His window to the West

PietaCompare and contrast the two pieces of art.

7.4 World of EU Culture

• Mannerism brought artistic Ren. to end– Emerged in ITL 1520s and 1530s– Broke down High Ren. Art (balance, harmony

& moderation)– Proportion deliberately ignored – High point in work of El Greco

• From Crete• Depicts mood of religious tensions created by

Reformation

El Greco

• Baroque replaced mannerism– Adopted by Catholic

reformation – Tried to combine

classical ideals w/ religious ideals

– Known for drama to produce emotion

– Gian Lorenzo Bernini ITL arch. & sculptor

• St. Peter’s Basilica interior

• Throne of St. Peter

Judith beheading Holofernes

Artemisia Gentileschi

• Golden Age of Literature 1580-1640 – Wm Shakespeare famous dramatist

• Elizabethan Era within Queen Liz’s reign• 1592 Shakespeare appeared in London • The Globe

– Best known for writing plays– Also an actor & shareholder in theater com.– Viewed as universal genius– Master Eng. language– Showed remarkable understanding of human

condition

• Miguel de Cervantes– Don Quixote one of

the greatest literary works of all time

• Knight - Quixote• Sancho Panza -

realist• Realize – value the

others perspective (need dreams & reality)

Political thought• Thomas Hobbes

– Alarmed by revolutionary upheavals in ENG– 1651 Leviathan published– Made a contract & agreed

• to form a state

– Be absol power- to preserve order in society

• John Locke– 1690 Two Treatises of Government– Humans had nat’l rights – what you are born with– Incl life, liberty, & property– Est gov’t to ensure protection of rights– Gov’t protects rights of ppl– Ppl act reasonable toward gov’t– If gov’t broke contract – ppl form a new gov’t

Ch. 7 SG • Henry of Navarre• Philip II• James I• Charles I• Oliver Cromwell• Charles II• James II• Louis XIV• Cardinal Richelieu• Cardinal Mazarin• Jean Baptiste Colbert• Ivan IV• Peter the Great• William Shakespeare• Miguel de Cervantes• El Greco• Gian Lorenzo Bernini• Thomas Hobbes• John Locke• Puritans• Huguenots• Roundheads• Cavaliers

30 Years War

Edict of Nantes

Glorious Revolution

Absolutism

Mannerism

Baroque

Bill of Rights

Toleration Act of 1689

Witchcraft

Don Quixote

Divine Right of Kings

Know ALL vocabulary!!!!