Separation of components of mixtures

SEPARATION OF COMPONENTS OF MIXTURES

BYDEEPAK AGGARWALCLASS:- 9th D

SEPARATION OF COMPONENTS OF MIXTURESDifferent methods of separation are used to

get individual components from a mixture. Separation makes it possible to study and use the individual component of a mixture.

Heterogeneous mixtures can be separated into their respective constituents by simple physical method like:- filtration, sieving, handpicking that we use in our daily life. Sometimes special techniques have to be used for the separation of the components of a mixture.

EVAPORATIONTHE

PHENOMENON OF CHANGE OF A

LIQUID INTO VAPOURS AT ANY

TEMPERATURE BELOW ITS

BOILING POINT IS CALLED

EVAPORATION.

SEPARATION OF COLOURED COMPONENT FROM BLUE AND BLACK INK.

I. Take a beaker and filled it half with water .II. Put a watch glass on the mouth of the beaker .III. Put few drops of ink on the watch glass .IV. Now start heating the beaker . We don’t want to

heat the ink directly . You will see that evaporation is taking place from the watch glass .

V. Continue heating as the evaporation goes on and stop heating when you do not see any further change on the watch glass .

VI. You will see that the water from the ink is get evaporated and only dry dye is left .

CENTRIFUGATIONThis is the process in which the denser particles are forced to the bottom and the lighter particles stay at the top when spun rapidly .

APPLICATIONS Used in diagnostic

laboratories for blood and urine tests .

Used in dairies and homes to separate butter from cream .

used in washing machines to squeeze out water from wet cloth .

SEPARATION OF TWO IMMISCIBLE LIQUID

The separation of two immiscible liquid is done by using separating funnel and separate out in layers is depending on their densities .

applications To separate

mixture of oil and water .

In the extraction of iron from its ore the lighter slag is removed from the top by this method to leave the molten iron at the bottom in the furnace .

SUBLIMATIONTo separate such mixtures that contain

a sublimable volatile component from a non- sublimable impurity (in case of salt), the sublimable process is used .

EXAMPLESAmmonium

chloride .Naphthalene . Camphor . Anthracene .

CHROMATOGRAPHYTHE PROCESS OF SEPARATION

OF COMPONENTS OF A MIXTURE IS CALLED CHROMATOGRAPHY .

APPLICATIONS

TO SEPARATE COLOUR IN A DYE . DRUGS FROM BLOOD . PIGMENTS FROM NATURAL

COLOURS .

DISTILLATIONThe method of

distillation is used for the separation of components of a mixture containing two miscible liquids that boil without decomposition and have sufficient differences in their boiling points .

magnetismA magnetically susceptible material is extracted from a mixture using a magnetic force.

Fractional distillation

To separate a mixture of two or more miscible liquid for which the difference in boiling point is less than 25 k, than fractional distillation is used.

DECANTINGUsed to separate a liquid from

an insoluble solid. The solid stays in the bottom .

Separation of gases from air

crystillationCrystillation is a process that

separates a pure solid in the form of its crystals from a solution .

These all separations can be happen only in mixture

THE END