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Obesity: Greatest Epidemic of the 21st Century
Dr.Murali VallipuranathanMBBS, PGD (Population Studies), MSc, MD (Community Medicine), FCCP
Consultant Community PhysicianMinistry of Health
Annual Academic Sessions of Jaffna Science Association 2016
What is the problem?
In 2014
Sri Lankan statistics 2011
• 25 % of women and 17 % of men were suffering from obesity
• 67 % of women and 81 % of men are physically inactive
Demographic and Health Survey 2006/7
What is causing obesity?
What is obesity?
`
What are the complications of
obesity?
Childhood Obesity need to be treated
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
commonly associated with obesity
PCOS: Signs and Symptoms
SYMPTOMS• Menstrual irregularity• Infertility• Hirsutism, acne• Obesity
SIGNS• Hirsutism, acne• Obesity• Ovarian enlargement• Acanthosis nigricans
Acanthosis Nigricans
How doctors treat obesity?
Treatment of obesity comes into three categories:
1-behavior modification . {diet and exercise} 2-pharmacotherapy 3-surgical intervention .
Prevention of Obesity at different levels of BMI
No magic pills to reduce weight if
• Diet control is not possible • And exercises are not possible
How can I manage my obesity problem?
First step: get weighing scale and decide your target
Evidence Based Medicine
Second step
Third step: Increasing energy expenditure
exercise is very effective in preventing long term weight regain.
Aim for one hour exercise continuously a day if you want to reduce weight.
Doing 30 minute exercise each day for not increasingChildren need exercise at least one hour a day
Fourth Step: sleep well (7-9 hours/night)
Obesity Epidemic and Sleep Duration
7.56.8
9.0
0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0
10.0
1910 1975 2005
Sleep duration in US adults
25.2
26.9
23.0
21.0
22.0
23.0
24.0
25.0
26.0
27.0
28.0
1910 1975 2005
BMI in US adults
Sleep Deprivation/Weight Gain Linked
• Subjects with avg. 5hr./night sleep had 73% increased likelihood of obesity over those who slept 7-9 hr/night. ( Findings reported at the annual scientific meeting of the North American Society for
the Study of Obesity. Nov, 2004)• Study showed a linear relationship: reduced amounts
of sleep are associated with overweight and obesity (Arch. Intern Med, 2005;165:25-30)
Sleep Deprivation & Obesity:Potential Mechanisms
ObesitySleep Deprivation
Patel SR et al. Obesity; 2008; in press
Fifth Step: Never skip the breakfast
Breakfast:
Brain Food Improves
performance in studies
Improves physical activities
Does not contribute to overweight
Keeps you healthy
Skipping breakfast associated with obesity
High sugar breakfast causes a high sugar level which dips fast making you more hungry and you eat more sugary food
The most important meal
Sixth Step: Avoid overeating
Good eating habits Maintain hygienic habits Eat slowly, chew properly Avoid TV viewing or reading
while you eat Small frequent meals Never skip meals, specially
breakfast Don’t overeat
Seventh Step: Control Stress
Stress and Central Obesity Linked
Eighth Step: Take more vegetables and fruits
Ninth Step: Avoid fast foods and Fizzy drinks
Why is Fast Food unhealthy ? High in calorie, fat, sodium and low in
fiber which can cause Obesity, Hypertension, Heart diseases, Diabetes, Cancer
etc. Contains preservatives Choose low-calorie and low-fat meals,
snacks and desserts Have low fat or skim milk drinks.
Foods can be addictive
• Certain foods containing fats and sugar can be addictive
• Examples: fast foods and soft drinks
Industrial prediction of soft drink sale
Fast food kills
Growth of fast food outlets in 2012
• KFC started in 1995, 25 outlets at present, it will expand to 32 by end of the year
• Pizza Hut started in 1993, 24 outlets at present, it will expand to 30 by end of the year.
• Mc Donald started in 1998, 5 outlets at present, it will expand to 7 by end of the year
Tenth Step: Do abdominal exercises
Regular abdominal exercises are useful
Regular abdominal exercises (continued)
Eleventh Step: Stop methods without evidence
Most Herbal Products does not help!
Why we are still unable to reduce
weight?
Are we really ready to change ourselves?
Any questions?
Thank you
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