Urine analysis

Urine analysis

Prepared by : Dr. Hemat Elgohary IBQH – OSHA – IC certifiedIBQH – OSHA – IC certified

E-mail : h_2007152002@yahoo.com

Urine analysis Urine analysis

11

22

33

44

55

66

77

1010

99

88

1111

1212

Volume

Color & aspect

Reaction

Specific gravity

Albumin

RBC s

Pus cells

Casts

Pigments

Crystals

Glucose

Kenton bodies

Volume

Volume Volume

1000-1500 cc/day 1000-1500 cc/day

15001500

Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes insipidus

Chronic renal failure

Functional

Sg 1010 Granular casts

sSg

Sg v

Normal constituents Sg

Granular casts

Volume Volume

1000-1500 cc/day 1000-1500 cc/day

800

Nephrotic

Acute renal failure

Functional

Sg RBCs

Sg 1010

Sg

Normal constituents

Red casts

Color & aspect

Color & aspectColor & aspect

watery watery

Dark yellow Dark yellow

turbid turbid

Smoky Smoky

red red

Milky Milky

in Poly urea

In jaundice

In infection

In nephritic syndrome

In haematourea

In chyluria

Pale yellow Pale yellow

urine contains chyle or fatty matter, giving it a milky appearance.

urine contains chyle or fatty matter, giving it a milky appearance.

chyluriachyluria

Appear in : Appear in :

Filariasispregnancy Mental tension

Reaction

Reaction Reaction

Change of PH may help in treatment of infectionChange of PH may help in treatment of infection

Acidic Alkaline

Oxalate crystals

Uric acid crystals

Phosphate crystal

Specific gravity

Specific gravitySpecific gravity

1015-10251015-1025

1010fixed

High Low

Nephretic syndrome

DM

Functional

Functional

DI Acute & chronic renal failure

Albumin

AlbuminAlbumin

It present in most of kidney diseases It present in most of kidney diseases

Bence-Jones proteinurea Bence-Jones proteinurea

Heavy albumin Heavy albumin Nephrotic syndrome

Multi mveloma &amvloidosis

Chronic leukemia

Malignant bone disease

CancCancer er

RBC s

RBC sRBC s0-4 /HPF0-4 /HPF

Pre-Renal Pre-Renal

Post –Renal Post –Renal

Renal Renal

Purpura& coagulation defects

Nephretic syndrom & cancer

Stone , oxalurea , schisto & cancer

Pus cells

Pus cellsPus cells0-4 /HPF0-4 /HPF

Infection Inflammation

OK

Casts

CastsCasts

Granular

Red

White

Fatty

Renal failure

Nephretic syndrome

Pyelonephritis

Nephretic syndrome

nonspecific disorder in which the kidneys are damaged, causing them to leak large amounts of proteins

ascending urinary tract infection that has reached the pelvis of the kidney

Nephretic syndromeNephretic syndrome

PyelonephritisPyelonephritis

Pigments

PigmentsPigments

Bilirubin Urobilinogen

Obstructive jaundice

Hemolytic jaundice

Hepatocellular jaundice

Bilirubin

Urobilinogen

yellow breakdown yellow breakdown product of normal heme product of normal heme catabolismcatabolism

. Heme is found in . Heme is found in hemoglobine , a hemoglobine , a principal component of principal component of RBCs. RBCs.

Bilirubin is excreted in Bilirubin is excreted in bil andurine bil andurine

colourless product of bilirubin colourless product of bilirubin reduction. reduction.

It is formed in the intestines It is formed in the intestines by bacterial action. Some by bacterial action. Some urobilinogen is reabsorbed, urobilinogen is reabsorbed, taken up into the circulation taken up into the circulation and excreted by the kidney.and excreted by the kidney.

This constitutes the normal This constitutes the normal "enterohepatic urobilinogen "enterohepatic urobilinogen cycle". cycle".

Urobilinogen Urobilinogen Urobilinogen Urobilinogen BilirubinBilirubinBilirubinBilirubin

OkOk

Crystals

CrystalsCrystals

Oxalate Urate

Phosphate

Acidic urine

Alkaline urine

Glucose

GlucoseGlucose(0 - 15 mg/dl) (0 - 15 mg/dl)

Abnormal glucose values may indicative of:

Renal Glycosuria Diabetes Mellitus Renal glycosuria during pregnancy After excessive consumption of carbohydrates

Kenton bodies

Kenton bodiesKenton bodiesnegativenegative negativenegative

Abnormal ketones values may indicative of:

Diabetic ketoacidosisInsulin overdoseInsufficient food intakeNausea and vomitingStarvationStrict dietingSevere stressSevere fever due to infection

Wish U good

Health