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Orthodontic Instruments
Contents Introduction Brief History Orthodontic Instruments Materials Manufacturing Parts Of Pliers Grasp Features Of Orthodontic Instruments
Classification Of Orthodontic Instruments
Diagnostic Instruments Separator Placement Band Forming Instruments Bracket Positioning Instruments Ligature Instruments Cutters Debonding Instruments Wire Bending Instruments Wire Forming instruments Measuring Instruments Other Instruments
Maintenance Sterilization References
IntroductionTool
“A device or implement, especially one held in the hand, used to carry out a particular function”
Pliers
“A tool with scissor-action, pointed-jawed tool for bending or cutting metal wires or grasping small objects.”
PrincipleFirst Class Lever
Class Three Lever
Brief History 3000 BC – Bronze Age
Evolved from Tongs Hand Tool used to hold objects firmly
Late 17th Century – Pierre Fauchard – Needle Nose Pliers Often used tools from Watch maker and Jewellers
Stainless
Steel
88% Iron 12%
Chromium
0.2% Carbon
Tungsten
Carbide Steel
Equal parts of
TungstenCarbon
German Stainle
ss SteelIron
Chromium Nickel Molybde
num
Titanium Alloy
Aluminium
Vanadium
Orthodontic Instruments Materials
ManufactureRed Hot Metal Forged in Die by
pressure Trimming of Forged rod
Shaping the beak by Cutting Austempering Salt Water Rapid Cooling
Laser Heat treatment of Beak Pair of Handle is assembled by Rivet Martempering
Cool in Oil Solution Dip in Corrosion Resistant Laser Engraving
Parts Of PlierBeak
Joint
Handle
GraspThumb and Palm Grip -
Pen Grip -
Joints
Box Joint
Screw Joint
Features Of Orthodontic Instruments Stainless steel Tungsten Carbide Tips Hinge or Pivot joint Gold brazing Rounded tips Serrations on working ends Inner Surface of beak Bow out handles Laser Marking
Diagnostic Instruments Mouth Mirror Probe Explorer Tweezer Impression trays Lip Retactor Intraoral Mirror
Instruments for placement of Separator
Separator Placing Pliers
Stainless steel Spring back action Use - Expanding elastic separators before positioning
them interdentally. Barrel-shaped tip prevents slippage of the module,
reduces the risk of tissue damage. Angled beaks facilitate easier placement of elastic
separators in anterior and posterior areas
Band Forming Instruments
Band Cutting Scissors Hardened stainless steel with tungsten carbide inert
cutting tip Cutting Edge Pattern
straight or curved pattern long and short
Use - cutting thin metal bands or band material
Mershon Band Pusher Handle is cylindrical and working end
is serrated Use –
push bands so as to seat adapt to contour of the teeth
Band Pinchable Plier Beaks are in triangular passion with inner surfaces
had serrated for better control of band material. It has two types curved and straight. Curved (45˚) pinchable plier used for lower band
preparation , and straight is used for upper band preparation.
Use - for pinching of bands during band preparation
Peak Plier Beaks - Contour fitting to the side of a tooth is aided
by the concave surface or depression at the outer ends of each of the band clamping portion.
Use - for preparation of band to tooth.
Double Beak Pliers Stainless steel Double beak pliers are used for
forming bands in the mouth. Types - Anterior and posterior
band fabrications. These were important when all
teeth were Banded Use - preparation of band to
tooth
Nylon Band Seater High impact plastics or wood The biting surface - Tin inlay with serrated surface Shape –
Round Square Triangular
Use – Patient is asked to bite on the surface with the tin inlay tip resting on the lug or the band edge.
Band Crimping Plier Use - contour the gingival surface of preformed
bands to provide better tooth anatomy
Photo – Hu-friedy Catalog
Johnson Band Contouring Plier
Beaks - Tapered with a slight bow.
One beak is concave and other is convex allowing re-contouring of bands.
Use - re-contour band edges that sometimes get bent during band placement.
Anterior Band Removing Pliers
Beak - narrow groove and sharp end One beak is shorter
Oliver Jones Posterior Band Removing Plier Beaks - Plastic padded tip and sharp removing beak Plastic head rest on the occlusal surface of tooth and
the sharp tip below the gingival contour of the band. Use - Remove posterior metal bands with maximum
patient comfort.
Bracket Instruments
Boons Gauge It is the most frequently used bracket positioning aid. Stainless steel. It accurately measures height of bracket placement from the
incisal edge at 3.5, 4, 4.5 and 5mm. Flat surface rests on incisal/occlusal surface of tooth. Simplifies seating the bracket on the teeth with exactly the
right distance between bracket slot and incisal edge with pencil lid or metal tips.
Bracket Positioning & Height Gauge Aluminum or stainless steel Use - This device simplifies the seating of brackets on the
teeth with exactly the right distance between the bracket slot and incisal edge.
Adjustable for use on both anterior and posterior teeth. Measures height of bracket placement from the incisal edge
at 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5 and 5.5mm. Works with .022 & .018 bracket system.
Photo – Leone Catalog
Bracket Holder It holds any type of bracket from a wide twin to a
single one. Reverse action type handle which on pressing the
handle open-up the beaks. Beaks are diamond shaped with serrations to grip the
bracket. Flat end of the handle used to press the bracket into
position for bonding.
Curved Bracket Holder Serrated Tips Use – Lingual Bracket placement
Photo – iXion Catalog
Modified Bracket Positioning Holder
Combined Gauge with Bracket Holding Forcep
Photo – Contm. Clini. Dentistry
Lingual Bracket & Tube Holder
Reverse Action Curved Beaks help in unobstructed
placement Use – For placement of Lingual Brackets,
Tubes and Attachments
Photo – iXion Catalog
Orthodontic Bracket Card It is used to organize and hold orthodontic brackets to facilitate
quick bracket placement. Each circle on the card corresponds to a particular tooth in the
mouth. Brackets are placed corresponding to the tooth to be bonded.
Ligature Instruments
Mosquito Forceps Types
Straight Curved
Use Placing Elastic Ligature Tightening Wire Ligature
Photo – iXion Catalog
Mathieu Plier Locking And Spring
Back Mechanism Serrated tips Types
TC tip Straight Curve
RMOrtho Wide Hole
Shape Mini Standard Narrow
Photo – iXion Catalog
Coon Style Ligature ‘Y’ shaped tip Tie long Ligature into figure of 8
Photo – Dentsply Catalog
Speedo Ligature Director Double Ended Removing and Placing Ligature
Twister Twisting Ligature wire
Photo – Dental USA Catalog
Ligature Tucker Types
Single end Double
Use – To Tuck cut end of Ligature
Straight Shooter Ligature Gun Thermoplastic Material
Types Mini Bracket Shooter Twin Bracket Shooter
Use – Elastomeric to Edgewise Bracket
Cutter
Hard Wire Cutter Hard wire cutters have hard metal tips or tungsten
carbide tips. These are heavier and larger than the pin and ligature
cutters. These are used to cut all wires up to 0.020" round
Manu’s Heavy Wire Cutter’s
Heavy gauge side cutters. They are capable of cutting wires of up
to 1.3 mm diameter. Laboratory purpose
Face Bow Bending / Cutting Plier
The face bow bending pliers are ideal for bending and cutting the outer bows of a face bow.
These can be used to bend wires up to a diameter of 1.8 mm.
Distal End Cutter The distal end cutter is capable of cutting arch wires
up to 0.56 x 0.70 mm/ .022" x .028 " both intraoral and extra oral
Use - Exclusively for cutting the distal end of wire protruding out of the molar tubes
It had a ‘safety’ mechanism to hold the cut arch wire so it does not fall into the patients mouth.
Photo – Hu-Friedy Catalog
Distal End Cutter Angulated 45 ° and 90˚ angled cutting tips For Posterior Areas
Lingual Distal End Cutter Used to cut distal end in lingual orthodontics
Photo – Hu-Friedy Catalog
Kruz Distal End Cutter Similar to distal end cutter Difference - Designed with long body so it can reach
back into depth of mouth
Pin & Ligature Cutter - PLC Stainless steel or Tungsten
carbide Right to the tip, for smooth
cutting of soft ligature wires and lock pins and elastomerics
Ligatures up to 0.015mm in diameter
Types Mini Micro Mini Micro Mini 15 degree
Debonding Instruments
Bracket & Adhesive Removing Pliers
Use - for removing bonded brackets. The wide tips wedge between both the edges of the base
of the bracket and the tooth surface(incisal-gingival direction), easily lifting off the bracket.
Types Straight 60° angled tip
Anterior debonding plier is also used for removal of adhesive remanant on enamel surface after bracket debonding
Kurz Lingual Bracket Removing Plier
It is designed to fit the design of lingual brackets under the lingual hooks and bite turbos.
This instrument incorporates a state of the art spring mechanism to improve durability and has an increased arm radius to allow for better movement.
Use - to removal of lingual brackets and bite turbos.
Clasp Forming Instruments
Clasp Forming Instruments
Adam’s Plier Hard stainless steel with or without TC tip Beaks - two smooth rectangular beaks The distance between hinge pin and the tips of the
beaks is short The sides of the beaks are flat Edges of the grasping surface of the beaks are sharp
and textured Inner surfaces - Not polished for better grip Use – For fabrication of the Adam's clasp
Adam’s Clasp Bending Plier Special pliers for easy forming of Adams' clasps in
one step. Used for wires up to the diameter of 1 mm.
Arrow Clasp Bending Plier Arrow clasp bending pliers are used to bend the arrow
clasp Used for wires up to the diameter of 0.7 mm.
Arrow Clasp Former Arrow clasp former is used for hard wires up to
0.7mm/0.028". Use - forms the clasp of the shape and small stops in
the arch wire
Adam’s Spring Forming Plier
Beaks - One beak is rounded and other is square/flat ended.
Use - to adjust springs on orthodontic removable appliances and to smooth and contour arch wires
Up to 0.7mm
Swartz Plier Clasp Forming 0.028” or 0.7mm Wire
Photo – iXion Catalog
Arch Forming Instruments
Bird Beak Plier Stainless Steel Beaks – Pyramid Shape Use – Utility Plier,Up to 0.030”/0.76mm,
Round Wire
Photo – iXion Catalog
Light Wire Plier Beaks – Long and Tapered Types
Smooth Serrated
Use - up to 0.5mm/0.020” Arch Form & Spring Preparation
Photo – iXion Catalog
Jarabak Plier Modification of Light Wire Plier Precision Groove
Photo – Hu-Friedy Catalog
Howe Plier Lip Shape
Types Straight Curved
Photo – iXion Catalog
Weingart Plier Serrated tips Use – Placement of Archwire Up to 0.020”/0.5mm
Photo – iXion Catalog
Tweed Plier
Photo – iXion Catalog
Serrated tips Use – Edgewise Technique
Stoppage Bends
Three Jaw Plier 3 tips Up to 0.030” Use
Activation of quad Helix Bends in Lingual bar and Wire
Photo – iXion Catalog
Lingual Arch Plier Use – Double and Triple Back Bends
Photo – iXion Catalog
Turret The wire slotted body is made of stainless steel It is used for preparation of arch wires with or without torque
adjustment. It is available in six different versions and colors – Blue,
Black, Gold, Silver, Purple, Green.
Turret – Blue
Turret – Black
It is used for forming rectangular arch wires..016’’ to .0215’’
It is used for forming rectangular arch wires with torque adjustments : 00 – 100 – 160 – 230 For use only with wire : .016’’ x .022’’
Turret – Gold
Turret – Silver
It is used for forming rectangular arch wires with torque adjustments : 00 – 70 – 100 - 130 – 160 For use only with wire : .018’’
It is used for forming rectangular arch wires with torque adjustments : 00 – 100 – 160 – 230 For use only with wire : .022’’
Turret – Purple
Turret – Green
It is used for forming rectangular arch wires with torque adjustments : 00 – 100 – 160 - 230
For use only with wire : .016” x .016”It is used for forming round arch wires For use only with wire : .014” - .016” - .018” - .020”
De La Rosa Contouring Pliers Guiding grooves for forming round and square arches
0.016", 0.018", 0.020" and 0.022". Use - helps to accentuate the curvature in the arch
wire.
Hook Crimping Plier Designed to crimp stops, hooks and posts to archwire
Photo – Dentsply Catalog
V Bending Plier 1mm V bend
Photo – iXion Catalog
Rose Torquing Plier Used In Pair To give Labial or Lingual Torque
Photo – Dentsply Catalog
Loop FormingInstruments
Young’s Loop Forming Plier Stainless Steel with Tungsten Carbide Tips
It can be used for wires up to the diameter of 1 mm
Use – To form loops
Nance Loop Forming Plier
Steps 3mm 4mm 5mm 6mm
Use – Round and Rectangular Wire
Up to 0.7mm/ 0.028”
Photo – iXion Catalog
Tweed Plier Beak – One Cylindrical & Concave Beak
Use Multiple Loops Omega Loops
Photo – iXion Catalog
Omega Loop Forming Plier Electro-etched Beak Steps
0.045” 0.060” 0.075”
Use – Up to 0.021” x 0.028” Round Omega Loop
Photo – Dentsply Catalog
Loop Tie Back Plier Steps
2mm 3mm 4mm 5mm
Use – Closing loops are made to desired heights
Optical Plier Beak – One Round & Concave Beak
Use Stop in Wire Loop Tie Back Gable Bend
Photo – iXion Catalog
MeasuringInstruments
Dontrix Gauge Stainless Steel
Measures Orthodontic Forces
Correx Gauge Measures Orthodontic
Forces Measure and calibrate
the pressure or force required
Vernier Scale Originated in Ancient
China
Measures Orthodontic Forces
Repair of Instruments
Repair Blunt Tips Distorted plane of Joint Gap between contact surface of beaks Beveled edges Worn Beak
Image – Competitor Repair
Maintenance of Instruments
Maintenance Handle Gently Avoid Mishandling Discard corroded instruments Check beaks regularly Use for the prescribed purpose Lubricate Joints before sterilization Dry instruments before sterilization
Sterilization
Sterilization Pre Cleaning
Instrument Washer Ultrasonic cleaner
Chemiclave Autoclove
References The Design, Construction and Use of Removable
Orthodontic Appliances (5th ed) – C. Philip Adams Modified Bracket Positioning Holder – Contemporary
Clinical Dentistry, April 2011 Vol-2 Issue-2 – Dr Nandish Shetty
Textbook Of Orthodontics (2nd Ed) – Gurkeerat Singh Catalog
TP orthodontics iXion Leone Dentarum 3M Unitek American Orthodontics Dentsply
Thank You
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